From Dungeon to Haven: Competing Theories of Gestation in Leviticus Rabbah and the Babylonian Talmud

AJS Review ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (01) ◽  
pp. 143-168
Author(s):  
Shana Strauch Schick
Keyword(s):  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Rabbinic Literature ◽  
Babylonian Talmud ◽  
Leviticus Rabbah ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Representations Of Women ◽  
Roman Palestine

Rabbinic literature offers competing images of embryology and the relationship between mother and fetus. The Palestinian midrashic collection Leviticus Rabbah 14 marginalizes the active role of the mother and depicts the process of gestation as a dangerous time for the fetus. God is in charge of the care and birth of the child, and the father is the lone source of physical material. Passages in the third chapter of Bavli tractate Niddah, in contrast, reference the biological contributions of the mother and portray an idyllic image of the womb. This study explores how cultural differences, variances in representations of women, and sources of authoritative medical knowledge in Sasanian Persia and Roman Palestine contributed to the formation of these texts with markedly different understandings of the relationship between mother and fetus. I will argue that the study of the Sasanian Persian context is key to understanding the Bavli motifs, but that the Palestinian sources can best be understood with references not only to contemporaneous Greco-Roman sources, but also to ancient Iranian and Mesopotamian works, which have been generally overlooked by scholars.

A Classical Ethical Problem in Ancient Philosophy and Rabbinic Thought: The Case of the Shipwrecked

2013 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katell Berthelot
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Ethical Problem ◽  
Ancient Philosophy ◽  
Rabbinic Literature ◽  
Babylonian Talmud ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Jewish Ethics ◽  
Philosophical Texts

The story found in Sifra Behar 5.3 and in the Babylonian Talmud, Baba Meṣi'a 62a, about two persons traveling in a desert and having a quantity of water that allows only one of them to reach civilization and survive, is well known and frequently referred to in books and articles dealing with Jewish ethics. The rabbinic texts raise the question: Should the travelers share the water and die together, or should the person who owns the water drink it in order to survive? This story reminds one of the case of the two shipwrecked men who grasp a plank that can bear the weight of only one person and therefore enables only one of them to reach the coast, a case referred to in philosophical texts from the Hellenistic and Roman periods. The similarities between the issues dealt with in the rabbinic texts and the Greco-Roman ones have indeed been noticed by several scholars working on rabbinic literature (whereas specialists of ancient philosophy generally ignore them). However, a systematic comparative analysis of the rabbinic tradition and the philosophical texts has not been undertaken so far, nor have previous studies paid much attention to the issues at stake within the Greco-Roman texts themselves, to their inner logic and relationships with one another.

scholarly journals The Role of Tungku Tigo Sajarangan in The Community Development Planning of Minangkabau, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-155
Author(s):  
Ardieansyah Ardieansyah ◽  
Ira Meiyenti ◽  
Elvira Mulya Nalien ◽  
Ilham Sentosa
Keyword(s):  
Planning Process ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Deliberation Process ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Relationship

Tungku Tigo Sajarangan holds a vital role in the deliberation process of the development in the Minangkabau community, regardless of the lack of synergy. This study aims to analyze and describe the position of this customary institution in the development planning of Bukik Batabuah Nagari in Candung District, Agam Regency, West Sumatra Province. The qualitative methods used in the data collection were semi-structured interview techniques comprising 20 informants, as well as field observations and documentation. Subsequently, the results showed that there was synergy from the perspective of individual and behavioral dimensions. Although this synergy was not observed from the position dimension, especially the Cadiak Pandai element, it can still be overcome by mutual control.  Concerning the dimensions of the relationship with other parties, Tungku Tigo Sajarangan remains active and participates in providing recommendations and opinions. This activity was observed even though no village regulation came from the Bamus Nagari initiative in implementing the village administration. Consequently, it was concluded that Tungku Tigo Sajarangan has played an active role in the planning process for the development of Bukik Batabuah Nagari. Also, the research recommended that the leadership system should act as a civil society to participate consistently and supervise the policies of the Bukik Batabuah Nagari government, with good synergy and coordination between all related elements.  

Civil Society Groups and the Legislative Process: The Enactment of the Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-84
Author(s):  
Ruth Lusterio Rico
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
The Relationship

This article analyzes the important role of civil society groups in the enactment of a significant legislation — the Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act (IPRA) which was passed by the Philippine Congress in 1997. It examines the legislative process, the significant role of non-government organizations (NGOs) and people’s organizations (POs) in the process, the relationship between state and non-state actors, and how this relationship affected the enactment of the law. This paper shows that in spite of the limitations faced by civil society groups, they are able to play a significant role in the making of a significant legislation. The active role of civil society groups specifically in policy formulation, the collaboration between state and civil society actors and the strong support of the administration are three important factors in the making of IPRA.

scholarly journals The Role of Trade in Peace Promotion: Assessment of Pak-India Relationship

2018 ◽  
Vol III (II) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Saima Gul ◽  
Syed Ali Shah ◽  
Muhammad Usman Ullah
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Exact Role ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Military Tactics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Liberal Perspective

The relationship between trade and peace has been debated by policymakers, academicians and the general public, often ending in contesting conclusions defining the exact role of trade in this complex relationship. While taking the case study of Pakistan and India, this argument becomes more central to understanding whether there is a possibility for the furtherance of trade relations between Pakistan and India. It is a perception that political and military tactics have always been active in deciding the relations between Pakistan and India. Hence, it is important to explore viable options, such as trade, for bringing positive change in relations. This article emphasizes that a liberal perspective may provide a better explanation of this relationship and concludes that trade possesses the capacity to play an active role in mollifying strained relations between Pakistan and India and begin an era of peace and harmony in the region.

scholarly journals STUDENT AS RESEARCHER: ASSESSMENT ANALYSIS ON INTERCULTURAL LANGUAGE EDUCATION COURSE

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ribut Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Context Analysis ◽  
Ethnographic Writing ◽  
Academic Practices ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

Context awareness in tertiary education is a crucial aspect. This awareness should be perceived by university students to maximize their academic potentials. In so doing, this mini research employs context analysis about: text, the purpose of text, the setting of text, the audience of text, the relationship between reader and writer, the expectations and conventions and the requirements of texts, shared values, background knowledge and understanding of text, intertextuality, the tone of text, assessment criteria followed by intercommunication of discourse community as proposed by Johns (1997). The context analysis on the disciplinary assignment through the active role of students as researcher is necessary. This would sensitize students what to do and what not to do in the learning activities. Furthermore, being well-informed on ethnographic writing, the study of academic practices in the university, is salient. This can be done, one of them, through the interview with the lecturer of a specific course as well as to some extent negotiate the academic practices. This positions the students as an active agent in learning.<br />Keywords: Student as Researcher, Context Analysis, Ethnographic Writing, Genre<br /><br />

Politics and Administration

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
AHARON OPPENHEIMER
Keyword(s):  
Rabbinic Literature ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Roman Palestine ◽  
Urbanisation Policy

This chapter evaluates the use of rabbinic literature in the study of politics and administration in Roman Palestine. It focuses on the relationship between Severan activities in the field of cities and urbanisation in talmudic sources which include actions and rulings of Rabbi Judah haNasi. The findings reveal that even though the Romans did not force, or even request it, Rabbi Judah haNasi joined in the Severan urbanisation policy, and exempted mixed cities from tithes and the sabbatical laws in order to strengthen the Jewish basis there.

“Like an Expert Sharecropper”: Agricultural Halakhah and Agricultural Science in Rabbinic Palestine

AJS Review ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-320
Author(s):  
Tzvi Novick
Keyword(s):  
Expert Witness ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Private Industry ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship

The formulation and application of rabbinic Halakhah often depends on the determination of facts that belong, to one degree or another, to the province of professional experts. The resulting structural tension is analogous to that posed by the prominence of the expert witness in the modern American court, or the active role of private industry in administrative law. This article examines the relationship in the classical rabbinic corpus from Palestine between rabbis and farmers, or between rabbinic and agricultural expertise. It considers whether agriculture would have been conceived of in this context as a specialized or technical body of knowledge, and, if so, whether and how agricultural Halakhah accommodates itself to this fact.

scholarly journals Psychosocial determinants of recovery in depression

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-472 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Prodromal Phase ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Residual Symptoms ◽  
Medical Disorders ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

There is a growing body of literature on residual symptoms after apparently successful treatment. The strong prognostic value of subthreshold symptomatology upon remission and the relationship between residual and prodromal symptomatology (the rollback phenomenon) have been outlined. Most residual symptoms also occur in the prodromal phase of depression and may progress to become prodromes of relapse. These findings entail important implications. It is necessary to closely monitor the patient throughout the different phases of illness and to assess the quality and extent of residual symptoms. A more stringent definition of recovery, which is not limited to symptomatic assessment, but includes psychological well-being, seems to be necessary. New therapeutic strategies for improving the level of remission, such as treatment of residual symptoms that progress to become prodromes of relapse and/or increasing psychological well-being, appear to yield more lasting benefits. The sequential model may provide room for innovative treatment approaches, including the use of drugs for specifically addressing residual symptoms. As occurs in other medical disorders (such as diabetes and hypertension), the active role of the patient in achieving recovery (self-therapy homework) should be pursued.

scholarly journals Activity as a Mediator Between Users and Their Auditory Environment in an Urban Pocket Park

2018 ◽  
pp. 100-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edda Bild ◽  
Daniel Steele ◽  
Karin Pfeffer ◽  
Luca Bertolini ◽  
Catherine Guastavino
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Urban Planning And Design ◽  
Auditory Experience ◽  
The Relationship

Sound is receiving increasing attention in urban planning and design due to its effects on human health and quality of life. Soundscape researchers have sought ecologically valid measures to describe and explain the complex relationship between people and their auditory environments, largely employing laboratory studies and neglecting the active role of activity. This chapter proposes a situated cognition approach to study the relationship between context, use of space, and the ways in which users describe and evaluate sounds and their auditory environments in an urban pocket park. It draws on empirical data gathered in Parc du Portugal in Montreal, Canada using a mixed-methods research design that integrates ethnographic observations, on-site questionnaires, and behavioral mapping using a geo-spatial app to offer a situated understanding of the human auditory experience in its full complexity, with an emphasis on the mediating role of activity on the user-auditory environment relationship.

Intergroup Perception and Proactive Majority Integration Attitudes

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Phelps ◽  
Reidar Ommundsen ◽  
Salman Türken ◽  
Pål Ulleberg
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Intergroup Perception ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Few social psychological investigations have focused on the potential active role of the majority in integration. The present study examines the relationship between intergroup perception and majority attitudes toward the proactive integration of immigrant minorities in Norway. It assesses how and whether perceived entitativity of immigrants, endorsement of counterstereotypic portrayals of immigrants and metaperspectives along the appraisal dimensions of warmth/competence predict the integration attitudes of majority members in Norway as measured by the Majority Integration Efforts (MIE) scale. Correlational and multiple regression analysis yielded two strong (perceptions of positive immigrant integration intentions and perceived entitativity) and two moderate (perceptions of high immigrant competence in Norwegian society and metawarmth) predictors of these attitudes. Further analysis indicated that the main effect of perceived immigrant entitativity on MIE attitudes was partially mediated by perceptions of counterstereotypic intentions and competence. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. We conclude by highlighting how the perception of immigrants’ positive integration intentions and their heterogeneity as a group may best promote majority support for proactive integration efforts.

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