The Grand Topography of the Universe

1959 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 260-265
Author(s):  
E. G. R. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Reading Public ◽  
Simple Scheme ◽  
School Textbook ◽  
Arthur Koestler ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Universe

The two books considered here, despite the romantic title of the larger and more ambitious one, are complementary both in subject matter and in interest. In The Sleepwalkers, Arthur Koestler offers us a highly un-conventional, and in detail controversial, history of man's picture of the Cosmos. But he brings it to a close with the Newtonian synthesis since this afforded a simple scheme satisfying to mathematician and layman alike. This, he claims, is the picture still accepted by the majority today, and as regards the ‘man in the street’ and the school textbook he may be correct. But during the present century there has been an accelerating series of amazing astronomical discoveries which in their earlier stages were excitingly presented to the reading public by Eddington and Jeans. Last year Professor Lovell, in the Reith Lectures, brought listeners up to date, and dealt briefly with the individual man's place within the vast dimensions now revealed.

Working-Class Fictions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Social Realism ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Reading Public ◽  
Industrial Community ◽  
Working People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Exciting Wave

This chapter explores why working-class fictions flourished in the period from the late 1950s through to the early 1970s and the distinctive contributions that they made to the post-war British and Irish novel. These writers of working-class fiction were celebrated for their bold, socially realistic, and often candid depictions of the lives and desires of ordinary working people. Their works were seen to herald a new and exciting wave of gritty social realism. The narrative focus on the individual signalled a shift in the history of working-class writing away from the plot staples of strikes and the industrial community, striking a chord with a post-war reading public keen to see ordinary lives represented in books in a complex and realistic manner. The cultural significance of such novels was enhanced as they were adapted in quick succession for a mass cinema audience by a group of radical film-makers.

UN'EDIZIONE COMPUTERIZZATA DI ALCUNI MANOSCRITTI DI LAZZARO SPALLANZANI

Nuncius ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-260
Author(s):  
CARLO CASTELLANI
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Reggio Emilia ◽  
Science Museum ◽  
Floppy Disc ◽  
Biological Interest ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title The author has transcribed the most important manuscripts containing the laboratory notebooks of biological interest of L. Spallanzani. Here we show their importance, content and structure by means of a series of tables which give the location, dates of writing and subject matter of the individual manuscripts (which are kept at the A. Panizzi library in Reggio Emilia). An edition of these manuscripts has been transferred to floppy disc and entrusted to the Florence History of Science Museum. In this article we present the criteria which were followed in the preparation of this edition which can be consulted, after complying with the necessary formalities, at the library itself.

scholarly journals EVOLUTIONAL AND CREATION PARADIGMS OF THE ORIGIN OF THE WORLD: HISTORY AND MODERNITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Евгения Викторовна Алёхина
Keyword(s):  
World History ◽  
Dialectical Materialism ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mechanistic Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intersection Points ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Origin Of The Universe

В статье рассмотрены возникновение и развитие противоборствующих в философской мысли креационного и эволюционного объяснений происхождения Вселенной, жизни и разума. Обращаясь к анализу двух парадигм, автор показала, что они имеют длительную историю противостояния. В наше время, как и в прошлом, эта проблема сводится к альтернативе - либо эволюция как продукт слепой случайности, либо целенаправленное творчество Высшего Разума. В последнем случае есть два варианта: ортодоксальный и модернистский - «телеологический эволюционизм». Обосновывается, что современная постнеклассическая наука все больше определяется социальными, культурными и мировоззренческими основаниями. Одной из точек пересечения трех уровней научного знания является проблема происхождения мира. Противоположные варианты её решения имеют различное соотношение собственно научного (экспериментального) и мировоззренческого аспектов. Эволюционная гипотеза с позиции диалектического материализма не смогла преодолеть редукционизм и наивный реализм механистического подхода. Наличие в указанных парадигмах аксиологического компонента в той или иной степени утверждает или отрицает смысл жизни и достоинство личности. The article examines the emergence and development of the opposing creation and evolutionary explanations of the origin of the universe, life and mind in philosophical thought. Turning to the analysis of the two paradigms, the author showed that they have a long history of opposition. In our time, as in the past, this problem boils down to an alternative - either evolution as a product of blind chance, or purposeful creativity of the Higher Reason. In the latter case, there are two options: orthodox and modernist - «teleological evolutionism». It is substantiated that modern post-non-classical science is increasingly determined by social, cultural and ideological foundations. One of the intersection points of the three levels of scientific knowledge is the problem of the Origin of the World. Opposite solutions to its solution have a different ratio of the scientific (experimental) and worldview aspects. The evolutionary hypothesis could not overcome the reductionism and naive realism of the mechanistic approach from the standpoint of dialectical materialism. The presence of an axiological component in these paradigms, to one degree or another, affirms or denies the meaning of life and the dignity of the individual.

scholarly journals Human Benevolence is Innate to Man as Man Shakespeare’s Art of Characterization with reference to Macbeth

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1115-1119
Author(s):  
Anser Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Peace Of Mind ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lady Macbeth ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Insight Into

Shakespearean tragedies stand out in the history of world’s literature for their influential language, insight into character and dramatic ingenuity. It can be safely established that all of the Shakespearean tragedies are based upon the notion that human benevolence is innate to man as man. The current study focuses upon the notion that the Shakespearean heroes are basically good and noble men whose tragic flaw leads to their obliteration. For instance in Macbeth, Lady Macbeth describes Macbeth as “too full o’ milk of human kindness”. The character of Macbeth gives the picture of dissolution within the individual. The character of Macbeth has been analyzed to assert that he seems to suffer from a variance between his head and heart, his duty and his desire, his reckoning and his emotions. A psychological insight to his character reveals that he knows from the first that he is engaged in a ridiculous act: a distressed and paradoxical struggle. With the aid of research methods including Case Study and Close Reading this Qualitative research highlights Macbeth’s lethal proceedings which not only obliterate his peace of mind but also bring turmoil to the macrocosm of the universe, and shows that along with the king he murders his sense of reasoning as well. Hence this study asserts the idea that Shakespearean heroes possess an inherent goodness corroded by the actions of fate or destiny thus resulting in their tragic downfall.

Between History and Tafsīr: Notes on al-Ṭabarī’s Methodological Strategies

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-129
Author(s):  
Marianna Klar
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Detailed Understanding ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relevant Section

The bulk of the cited anecdotes in the most immediately relevant section pertaining to the Fall of Adam within al-Ṭabarī’s History consist solely of material that is duplicated in al-Ṭabarī’s commentary on But Satan made them slip in Q. 2:36. The duplicated material is not presented in the same order across the two works, but the extent of the overlap between the two sources is intriguing. In his introduction to the Tafsīr, published (in the form of public lectures) from 270/883–884 onwards, al-Ṭabarī (d. 310/923) gives a definition of his own methodology; the introduction to his History, the first volume of which was made public some 20 years later in 294/906–907, announces meanwhile a focus on the history of kings. Yet al-Ṭabarī does not provide any explicit elucidation of what this difference might entail. In areas where al-Ṭabarī’s subject matter spans both texts such a question seems especially pertinent. This article seeks to contribute to a more detailed understanding of how concepts of genre affected the material that was included by al-Ṭabarī in the History and the Tafsīr, and to expose the author's editorial techniques, with specific reference to the parallel versions of the story of Adam and the Fall al-Ṭabarī provided. It draws upon the preceding historical account of the Creation of Eve, and the material that frames the repentance narratives. It also seeks to ascertain whether the individual context of each Qur'anic pericope affected the presentation of material within the Tafsīr itself.

LIFE COMPETENCE OF PERSONALITY AS A CONDITION OF LIFE CREATION: ORIGINS AND MODERN DIMENSION

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-297
Author(s):  
В. А. Яковлєва ◽  
Л. Ю. Москальова ◽  
С. С. Рашидова
Keyword(s):  
Personal Development ◽  
First Century ◽  
Human Society ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Impossible Task ◽  
Theoretical Category ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Universe

This article discusses current issues of personal development associated with the formation of its vital competence. In particular, attention is paid to the problem of man, his place in the world, spiritual life, happiness, ways to achieve it throughout the history of world scientific thought; the evolution of views on the essence of the concept of "life competence" of the individual, which has its own history and specifics, is analyzed. It was found that the study of this pedagogical problem is carried out on the border of the sciences of society and education, so in the philosophical and sociological literature partially developed a general theoretical foundation for studying the problem of forming the vital competence of the individual. Modern views of Ukrainian scientists on the essence and components of life competence of the individual are revealed. Emphasis is placed on the fact that this concept as a certain theoretical category took shape only in the last century. The life competence of a person of the twenty-first century involves the ability to mobilize in any situation, in any action to acquire knowledge, understanding experience, in order to learn to live in human society, learn to design their lives, skills that would allow her to productively build her life in accordance with the requirements of her own spirit and the demands of society, the essence of life competence will always be insufficiently represented in the history of society. It is concluded that trying to understand or define the essence of the concept of "life" is the same impossible task as trying to overcome the speed of light. Too low a level of awareness does not allow the average person to plunge into the secrets of the universe. Everyone has the right to create and realize their own picture of the world.

scholarly journals Systematic main sequence photometry of globular cluster stars for age determination

1984 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 153-155
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Alcaino ◽  
William Liller
Keyword(s):  
Globular Cluster ◽  
Globular Clusters ◽  
Main Sequence ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Globular Cluster System ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Universe

The individual photometric study of the coeval stars in globular clusters presents one of the best observational tests of the stellar evolution theory. Our own globular cluster system provides fundamental clues to the dynamical and chemical evolutionary history of the galaxy, and the study of their ages give us a lower limit to the age of the galaxy as well as to that of the universe. We have been undertaking a systematic research program, and discuss herewith the ages deduced by fitting main sequence photometry to theoretical isochrones of six galactic globular clusters : M4, M22, M30, NGC 288, NGC 3201 and NGC 6397.

My way of teaching mathematics in a social context (in junior high school)

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
Shmuel Kneller
Keyword(s):  
Junior High School ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Irrational Number ◽  
Educational Values ◽  
Famous Theorem ◽  
Atom Bomb ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Perfect Numbers ◽  
The Universe

This article is not comprehensive. It aims at encouraging all teachers of mathematics ‘to look behind the subject matter’ and to probe what educational values it contains. More examples can easily be found. Suffice it to say that when Pythagoras proved his famous theorem, mankind ‘discovered’ that the square root of 2 is an irrational number. The fact that you cannot write its exact value as a decimal fraction gave people at that time the feeling that they had ‘lost control of their fate’. ‘Friendly’ and ‘perfect’ numbers were created at that time to ward off the doom. Similar feelings of despair followed the recognition that the Earth is not the center of the universe and the use of the atom bomb. All three events in the history of science even led to mass suicides. The examples given above call upon all educators to use the subject matter to enrich social understanding and to help youngsters to build a healthier society.

scholarly journals A Study of Our Knowledge of Persons with Special Reference to the Work of Dr. Martin Buber

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Denzil J. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Martin Buber ◽  
Individual Organism ◽  
Common Life ◽  
The Common ◽  
Knowledge Of Persons ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Unwritten Law ◽  
The Universe

<p>The field of philosophy is wide and varied, and often appears to be remote from the common life of men. Yet this remoteness is only superficial for the problems with which philosophy deals arise in the first instance from questions which occur to the man in the street, though he may not pursue them systematically. He cannot avoid meeting them, though he may avoid trying to answer them. What is the meaning of life? What is the meaning of the universe? Is the ordering of nature, of society of the individual organism quite fortuitous or according to some unwritten law? How do we know other people and objects? What is the nature of God? That these questions are dependent upon human reflection is not hard to see. They arise out of reflection, and they depend to a greater or less degree upon reflection for their answer. But we may go further and question reflection itself: What is the nature of reflection? What is its subject matter? Is reflection reliable? In other words, “How do we know?” The examination of this question constitutes that aspect of philosophy known as “Epistemology”, and upon the answer to that question the fate of philosophy depends to a great extent.</p>

scholarly journals A Study of Our Knowledge of Persons with Special Reference to the Work of Dr. Martin Buber

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Denzil J. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Martin Buber ◽  
Individual Organism ◽  
Common Life ◽  
The Common ◽  
Knowledge Of Persons ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Unwritten Law ◽  
The Universe

<p>The field of philosophy is wide and varied, and often appears to be remote from the common life of men. Yet this remoteness is only superficial for the problems with which philosophy deals arise in the first instance from questions which occur to the man in the street, though he may not pursue them systematically. He cannot avoid meeting them, though he may avoid trying to answer them. What is the meaning of life? What is the meaning of the universe? Is the ordering of nature, of society of the individual organism quite fortuitous or according to some unwritten law? How do we know other people and objects? What is the nature of God? That these questions are dependent upon human reflection is not hard to see. They arise out of reflection, and they depend to a greater or less degree upon reflection for their answer. But we may go further and question reflection itself: What is the nature of reflection? What is its subject matter? Is reflection reliable? In other words, “How do we know?” The examination of this question constitutes that aspect of philosophy known as “Epistemology”, and upon the answer to that question the fate of philosophy depends to a great extent.</p>

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