Subsurface Navigational Hazards

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-55
Author(s):  
John W. Chanslor

1. Introduction. Nautical charts of many areas of the world carry notations adjacent to natural marine hazards such as ‘position doubtful’, ‘existence doubtful’, ‘position approximate’ and ‘reported (date)’. In spite of the development of precision survey and navigation systems, many of these notations must continue to be carried until the positions of the hazards are accurately determined or their existence disproved.The expanse of the oceans obviously precludes costly systematic hydrographic surveys in all areas, particularly in remote offshore areas. Although international cooperation in the exchange of hydrographic information assists in meeting modern charting requirements, the task of charting the seas may never be complete.

Author(s):  
Jayati Ghosh

The decade of the 2000s was a period of boom and bust when, despite rising prosperity in general, there was increased inequality and heightened economic insecurity for most people in the world. The Survey reports tracked both causes and outcomes, taking a broader view of development that emphasized the importance of economic processes and structural change and recognized the effects of macro imbalances and financial instability, as well as the limits posed by ecological damage and social tensions. Several concerns—and possible solutions—outlined in the Survey reports still have major contemporary relevance, including the importance of countries adopting their own national development strategies and the need for international cooperation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (08) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Эллада Амирага гызы Аббасова ◽  

The development of international cooperation in the field of culture is extremely important, since it ensures wide and in-depth interaction between states and peoples, makes a real opportunity for dialogue, unites the cultures of the peoples of the world. Two fraternal countries have actively taken root in international cultural exchange; Azerbaijan and Tatarstan. Azerbaijan is a multicultural country that is home to many peoples and ethnic minorities. Representatives of the peoples inhabiting this region are full citizens of the Republic of Azerbaijan, including the Tatars. The radical transformations that befell these countries at the end of the twentieth century influenced future events and their development. The Azerbaijani and Tatar peoples, whose relations have a long history, are linked by a common origin, similarity of language, culture and traditions. The relationship between the two peoples has strengthened even more during the years of independence. Key words: Tatars in Azerbaijan, activities of the Tatar community, cultural exchange, Tugan-Tel, Yashlek, Ak-Kalfak


2020 ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Aleksandrovich Dadalko ◽  
Victoria Aleksandrovna Pobedushkina

The article is devoted to possible ways of counteracting transnational organized crime in Russia. A number of proposals have been developed to change and toughen the measures to combat transnational crime in Russia. The current situation of transnational criminal groups in the world is analyzed, and the threat they pose is demonstrated. The importance of strengthening international cooperation for effective work in this direction is noted. The current mechanism of counteraction in foreign countries is considered. The materials of the article can be used as teaching materials for courses related to economic security.


1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (02) ◽  
pp. 242-248
Author(s):  
A. C. Fuller

Marine Safety Information is defined as the coordinated service of navigational and meteorological warnings, meteorological forecasts and distress alerts.It represents the core information which the Master of a ship is required to receive under the provisions of chapters IV and V of the Safety of Life at Sea Convention (SOLAS).In essence these cover the responsibilities of nations to broadcast messages relating to marine hazards, the obligation placed upon Masters to report such hazards, and to receive messages broadcast about them.Three separate kinds of information are dealt with in the SOLAS Convention. First, Meteorological Services: these are the business of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), which seeks to coordinate the work of various national meteorological administrations. Unfortunately a multitude of overlapping services and areas have grown up out of an expanding practical requirement and capability. This has resulted in overlap of services and consequent multiplication of effort.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Strygina

The article analyses the legal basis of activities of cleaning up the world oceans. It is emphasized that they are complex. The role of the UN in solving environmental problems is also highlighted. The need for international cooperation in the protection of the marine environment is mentioned. The article raises the problem of improving both international and national legislation and eliminating gaps in the law. The importance of social responsibility of business is emphasized.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
ŽANETA BALÁŽOVÁ

International cooperation, visiting new countries, meeting new people from all over the world are typical features of these days. The Universities of the Third Age as institutions focused on senior education and their opportunities to help people of older age familiarize with new cultures, it means to integrate into the multicultural society are presented in the paper. The European Union, especially the Erasmus+ program offers chances to students of all ages as well as seniors to enhance the knowledge and skills abroad, to make friends and to improve communication skills in English language.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Zakhro Jurayeva ◽  

The article is devoted to the review and analysis of the initiatives of Uzbekistan, voiced at the 76th session of the UN General Assembly. The author notes that these initiatives will contribute to further strengthening the image of Uzbekistan in the world arena, as well as solving global problems. Initiatives put forward by Uzbekistan at the 76th session of the UN General Assembly are aimed at creating new platforms for discussing global problems, as well as opening new areas of cooperation in the region of Central and South Asia.Keywords:UN, international initiatives, international cooperation, environmental problems, World Environmental Charter, Convention on Biological Diversity, human rights education


2021 ◽  
pp. 196-219
Author(s):  
A. J. Kox ◽  
H. F. Schatz

Chapter 11 deals with the slow process of restoring international scientific cooperation after the end of the World War, highlighting the Dutch role and Lorentz’s untiring efforts in the various, at first unsuccessful attempts to include German scientists in international scientific cooperative bodies. In particular, his important role as member and later chairman of the commission for international intellectual cooperation of the League of Nations (CICI) is discussed.


Author(s):  
Geoffrey Edwards

This chapter examines the ways in which the European Union enters into international relations and engages with key processes in the world arena. It first provides a historical background on the interaction of an evolving EU with the rest of the world before discussing the main patterns of relationships and interactions in the areas in which Europe has been active. It then considers two centres of enduring tensions in the EU's external engagement: EU's engagement with processes of international cooperation and conflict, and with processes of global governance. It also looks at tensions that arise between the collective ‘European’ and national positions. They are between: Europeanization and national foreign policy; rhetoric and achievement; big and small member states; old and new Europe; and the concept of civilian power Europe and the EU as an international security actor with access to military forces.


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