X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of annealed Co-Cr films

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 750-751
Author(s):  
B.G. Demczyk ◽  
H.W. Estry
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Recording Media ◽  
Perpendicular Recording ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Alloy Target ◽  
Compositional Changes ◽  
Sputtering System

Co-Cr thin films have been studied extensively as leading candidates for perpendicular recording media. The enhancement of the magnetic properties (saturation magnetization and coercivity) in rfsputtered Co-Cr films has been reported by several investigators. Concurrent work has revealed similar improvements in the magnetic properties of annealed Co-Cr films produced by magnetron sputtering. Honda et al. propose that compositional inhomogeneities in annealed films give rise to these properties changes. In this work, we have employed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to investigate compositional changes in annealed Co-Cr layers of thickness 10-200 nm.Films were deposited from a Co-22wt%Cr alloy target onto glass (Coming Type 7059) substrates using a Varian DC Magnetron ("S" gun) sputtering system. Sputtering conditions included an argon pressure of lmTorr and room temperature substrates. The sputtering rate was 0.25 nm/sec. Annealing was performed at 360°C in a vacuum (10-6 Torr) in incremental times up to 49 hours.

Effect of Annealing temperature on the Structural and Magnetic Properties of TbxY3-xFe5O12(x = 0.0, 1.0, 2.0) Thin Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 501 ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ftema W. Aldbea ◽  
Noor Bahyah Ibrahim ◽  
Mustafa Hj. Abdullah ◽  
Ramadan E. Shaiboub
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Vibrating Sample Magnetometer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Garnet Phase ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Amorphous Structures

Thin films nanoparticles TbxY3-xFe5O12 (x=0.0, 1.0, 2.0) were prepared by the sol-gel process followed by annealing process at various annealing temperatures of 700° C, 800° C and 900° C in air for 2 h. The results obtained from X-ray diffractometer (XRD) show that the films annealed below 900°C exhibit peaks of garnet mixed with small amounts of YFeO3 and Fe2O3. Pure garnet phase has been detected in the films annealed at 900°C. Before annealing the films show amorphous structures. The particles sizes measurement using the field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) showed that the particles sizes increased as the annealing temperature increased. The magnetic properties were measured at room temperature using the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The saturation magnetization (Ms) of the films also increased with the annealing temperature. However, different behavior of coercivity (Hc) has been observed as the annealing temperature was increased.

scholarly journals Effects of Perpendicular Magnetic Field Annealing on the Structural and Magnetic Properties of [Co/Ni]2/PtMn Thin Films

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Roshni Yadav ◽  
Chun-Hsien Wu ◽  
I-Fen Huang ◽  
Xu Li ◽  
Te-Ho Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Perpendicular Magnetic Field ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
Lattice Image ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Field Annealing ◽  
Face Centered

In this study, [Co/Ni]2/PtMn thin films with different PtMn thicknesses (2.7 to 32.4 nm) were prepared on Si/SiO2 substrates. The post-deposition perpendicular magnetic field annealing (MFA) processes were carried out to modify the structures and magnetic properties. The MFA process also induced strong interlayer diffusion, rendering a less sharp interface between Co and Ni and PtMn layers. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) lattice image analysis has shown that the films consisted of face-centered tetragonal (fct) PtMn (ordered by MFA), body-centered cubic (bcc) NiMn (due to intermixing), in addition to face-centered cubic (fcc) Co, Ni, and PtMn phases. The peak shift (2-theta from 39.9° to 40.3°) in X-ray diffraction spectra also confirmed the structural transition from fcc PtMn to fct PtMn after MFA, in agreement with those obtained by lattice images in TEM. The interdiffusion induced by MFA was also evidenced by the depth profile of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Further, the magnetic properties measured by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) have shown an increased coercivity in MFA-treated samples. This is attributed to the presence of ordered fct PtMn, and NiMn phases exchange coupled to the ferromagnetic [Co/Ni]2 layers. The vertical shift (Mshift = −0.03 memu) of the hysteresis loops is ascribed to the pinned spins resulting from perpendicular MFA processes.

XRD and XPS studies of room temperature spontaneous interfacial reaction of CeO2 thin films on Si and Si3N4 substrates

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (108) ◽  
pp. 62935-62939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parthasarathi Bera ◽  
Chinnasamy Anandan
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Interfacial Reaction ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Interfacial Reactions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) investigations of interfacial reactions between Ce and Si have been carried out on as-deposited and 15 month aged CeO2/Si and CeO2/Si3N4 thin films.

scholarly journals Structure and Ferromagnetism in Carbon Nanofibers from PAN/PVP

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suminya - Teeta ◽  
Somchai - Sonsupap ◽  
Ratchaneekorn - Wanchanthuek ◽  
Santi - Maensiri ◽  
Narong - Chanlek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Chemical Bonding ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Room Temperature Ferromagnetism ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
X Ray

Abstract We report on the room-temperature ferromagnetism in carbon nanofibers. Carbon nanofibers were fabricated using sequential electrospinning of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The morphologies, crystal structures, chemical bonding states and magnetic properties were characterized for three different polyacrylonitrile (PAN) to polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) weight ratios (10:0, 7:3 and 6:4) of PAN/PVP. The as-spun PAN/PVP were carbonized in three steps; stabilization, carbonization and activation at 800 ºC to obtain carbon nanofibers. The morphology and structure of the carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were completely characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The elemental composition and the chemical bonding of CNFs were analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the magnetic properties of CNFs were measured by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at room-temperature. XRD patterns showed the phase of amorphous carbon structure. The average diameter sizes of the carbon nanofibers ranged from 340 to 484 nm. Raman analysis was used to determine the carbon qualities in the samples by the numbers of sp3/sp2 hybridized atoms. Chemical analysis with XPS indicated that there were no magnetic contaminants in the samples. The PAN/PVP weight ratio of 6:4 showed ferromagnetic carbon nanofibers with the highest specific magnetization as ~144.2 memu/g at 300 K. These results inspire us to further research the potential of carbon materials, as a completely new class of magnetic devices. This will aid the development of new technologies in the near future.

Effect of oxygen on magnetic properties of Co–Pt–Cr–SiO2 thin films for perpendicular recording media

2005 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Yamane ◽  
S. Watanabe ◽  
J. Ariake ◽  
N. Honda ◽  
K. Ouchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Recording Media ◽  
Perpendicular Recording ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen

Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of the CoTiO2 Thin Films

2012 ◽  
Vol 557-559 ◽  
pp. 661-664
Author(s):  
Li Yun Jia ◽  
Jia Ling Xu ◽  
Jiao Qu
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Homogeneous Structure ◽  
Ferromagnetic Properties ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Island Type ◽  
Microstructure And Magnetic Properties ◽  
Sputtering System

Co (t nm)/TiO2(200 nm) films were prepared by DC facing-target magnetron reactive sputtering system onto glass substrates at room temperature. The influence of the Co distribution on microstructure and magnetic properties of films was investigated in detail. The results indicate that CoTiO2thin films with t= 2 nm island-type deposited showed a homogeneous structure, and pure ferromagnetic properties of thin films are only attributed to the CoTiO2phases. On the other hand, in case of thin films above t= 2nm, the overall ferromagnetic properties depended on both CoTiO2and CoTi phases.

Crystal structures and magnetic properties of Fe–N thin films deposited by dc magnetron sputtering

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Tao Zheng ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Xianggui Kong ◽  
Hongwei Tian ◽  
Shansheng Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Quantum Interference ◽  
Flow Ratio ◽  
Dc Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Glass Substrates

Fe–N thin films were deposited on glass substrates by dc magnetron sputtering under various Ar∕N2 discharge conditions. Crystal structures and elemental compositions of the films were characterized by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Magnetic properties of the films were measured using a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer. Films deposited at different N2∕(Ar+N2) flow ratios were found to have different crystal structures and different nitrogen contents. When the flow ratios were 60%, 50%, and 30%, a nonmagnetic single-phase FeN was formed in the films. At the flow ratio of 10%, two crystal phases of γ′-Fe4N and ε-Fe3N were detected. When the flow ratio reduced to 5%, a mixture of α-Fe, ε-Fe3N, FeN0.056, and α″-Fe16N2 phases was obtained. The value of saturation magnetization for the mixture was found to be larger than that of pure Fe.

FERROMAGNETISM IN Fe-DOPED ZnO THIN FILMS

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (06) ◽  
pp. 815-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. ZHAO ◽  
D. L. HOU ◽  
Y. Y. WEI ◽  
Z. Z. ZHOU ◽  
C. F. PAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Exchange Coupling ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature Ferromagnetism ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Axis Orientation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Fe Ions

Zn 1-x Fe x O (x = 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10, 0.12) thin films were grown on Si substrates using reactive magnetron sputtering. X-ray diffraction analyses show that the samples have wurtzite structures with the c-axis orientation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicate that the Fe ions are in a +2 charge state in the films. Magnetization measurements indicate that room temperature ferromagnetism is present in films annealed in vacuum while films annealed in air were non-magnetic. The presence of oxygen vacancies in these films may mediate exchange coupling of the dopant ions, resulting in room temperature ferromagnetism.

Effect of Sputtering Input Power of Co on Structure and Magnetic Properties of Fe-Co-N Thin Films

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 635-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Hui Jia ◽  
Wei Tao Zheng ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Bei Hong Long
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Quantum Interference ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Superconducting Quantum Interference Device ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Composition Structure

Fe-Co-N thin films with various Co content were synthesized on Si (111) substrate using facing-target magnetron sputtering by changing sputtering input power on Co target. During deposition, the input power on Fe target was kept at 160 W. The composition, structure, and magnetic properties were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and superconducting quantum interference device. XRD and TEM investigations showed that at lower input power of 11.2 W on Co target, the phases in the film were -(Fe,Co)4N and Co3N. Increasing sputtering input power, the content of Co in the film increased. At input power of 14 W, film contained -(Fe,Co)8N phase was produced which exhibited higher saturation magnetization (252.85 Am2/kg) and lower value of coercivity (3.66 kAm-1), corresponded to the 12% content of Co in the film.

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