Response of Selected Soybean (Glycine max) Cultivars to Dimethenamid and Metolachlor in Hydroponic Conditions

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley T. Osborne ◽  
David R. Shaw ◽  
Randall L. Ratliff
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Length Reduction ◽  
Hydroponic Conditions ◽  
Lateral Root Length

Soybean cultivars were grown in a hydroponic culture to evaluate tolerance to dimethenamid and metolachlor. Root length was reduced in 7 of the 32 cultivars with 50 ppb dimethenamid. ‘Asgrow 5403’ and ‘Bryan’ root lengths were reduced more than 20%. ‘Asgrow 6297’ was the only cultivar with greater than 12% root length reductions with 83 ppb metolachlor. The longest lateral root of all cultivars was shortened with dimethenamid. ‘NK-1460’ and Bryan expressed the most lateral root length reduction, at 73 and 62%, respectively. Asgrow 6297 was tolerant to dimethenamid, but lateral roots were reduced 16%. Metolachlor reduced the lateral root lengths of 12 cultivars, with Asgrow 5403, ‘Coker 6955,’ and Bryan reduced more than 20%. Bryan was the most sensitive cultivar to both herbicides, while ‘Brim’ was the most tolerant of cultivars evaluated.

Differential Response of Soybean (Glycine max) Cultivars to AC 263,222

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall B. Wixson ◽  
David R. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Differential Response ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Ac 263,222 ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Common Parent ◽  
Length Reduction

Thirty soybean cultivars were grown in a hydroponic culture to observe differential tolerance to AC 263,222. Root length was reduced with 1.1 mM AC 263,222 in 18 of the 30 cultivars. ‘Bedford’, ‘Asgrow 5403’, and ‘Asgrow 6297’ were cultivars with a root length reduction of 30% or more, whereas roots of ‘DPL 506’, ‘RA 606’, and ‘Coker 6727’ were reduced less than 7%. Root weight was reduced in only 10 of the 30 cultivars. Asgrow 6297, ‘Bragg’, and ‘Narow’ root weights were reduced more than 20%. Shoot weight was reduced in 23 cultivars, and ‘Coker 6955’, ‘Braxton’, ‘Coker 485’, ‘Epps', and Coker 6727 shoots were reduced more than 25%. The most tolerant cultivars were ‘Centennial’, RA 606, ‘Tracy M’, ‘Johnston’, and ‘Hartz 7126’. The most sensitive cultivars to AC 263,222 with all response variables measured were Bedford, Asgrow 6297, Asgrow 5403, Coker 6955, Narow, Bragg, and Braxton. These cultivars all have ‘Jackson’ as a common parent. This suggests a genetic basis for AC 263,222 sensitivity in soybean.

NaCl salinity affects lateral root development in Plantago maritima

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Rubinigg ◽  
Julia Wenisch ◽  
J. Theo M. Elzenga ◽  
Ineke Stulen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Lateral Root Primordia ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Length Growth ◽  
Lateral Root Length

Root growth and morphology were assessed weekly in hydroponically-grown seedlings of the halophyte Plantago maritima L. during exposure to 0, 50, 100 and 200 mm NaCl for 21 d. Relative growth rate was reduced by 25% at 200 mm NaCl. The lower NaCl treatments did not affect relative growth rates. Primary and lateral roots responded differently to NaCl. While primary-root length increased at all NaCl concentrations, total lateral-root length increased at 50 and was not affected at 100 mm but was considerably reduced at 200 mm NaCl. NaCl concentrations of 50 and 100 mm, which had no effect on relative growth rate or total lateral-root length, severely affected root branching pattern in that the number of first, second and third order laterals was reduced. At 200 mm NaCl third order laterals were not formed at all. However, mean lateral-root length was increased at all NaCl concentrations and was highest at 200 mm NaCl. We conclude that the increase in total lateral-root length in plants at 50 and 100 mm NaCl was mainly caused by increased length growth, while the decrease in total lateral-root length at 200 mm was the consequence of inhibition of lateral root primordia and / or the activation of apical meristems rather than reduced length growth.

scholarly journals Soybean Root Systems and Sudden Death Syndrome Severity: Taproot and Lateral Root Infection

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 1011-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loretta M. Ortiz-Ribbing ◽  
Darin M. Eastburn
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Root System ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Progress Curve

Experiments were conducted in the greenhouse to evaluate the role that infection location (taproot versus lateral root) plays in disease development of sudden death syndrome (SDS) on soybean (Glycine max) caused by the fungus Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines. Root characteristics of 12 soybean cultivars, representing a range of SDS reactions, were evaluated and compared for disease responses. A method was developed to facilitate taproot or lateral root infection. Results show that this procedure may be useful for observing a continuum of foliar and root disease responses. Significant differences in root length, surface area, and average diameter were observed among cultivars when infection occurred at the taproot or on the lateral roots. A significant correlation existed between foliar symptoms (i.e., area under the disease progress curve [AUDPC]) and root length, surface area, and volume for inoculated plants. Root volume and percent root discoloration were significantly different among individual soybean cultivars, and percent root discoloration was associated with AUDPC values only when the initial site of infection was on the lateral roots of soybean plants. Useful information about root system responses to SDS may be obtained from infection of the entire root system as opposed to only taproot infection.

Use of Seedling Growth Parameters to Classify Soybean (Glycine max) Cultivar Sensitivity to Sulfentrazone

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 530-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaohu Li ◽  
Robert H. Walker ◽  
Glenn Wehtje ◽  
H. Gary Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Length Reduction

Hypocotyl and root length reduction of soybean (Glycine max) seedlings when seeds were exposed to sulfentrazone during germination were used as indices to classify cultivar response to soil-applied sulfentrazone. Seeds of ‘Stonewall’ (sulfentrazone tolerant) and ‘Asgrow 6785’ (sulfentrazone sensitive) were imbibed and allowed to germinate in 0, 1, 5, 10, and 50 ppm aqueous sulfentrazone solutions for 4 d. Hypocotyl and root lengths were reduced in both cultivars, but the reductions were greater for Asgrow 6785 than for Stonewall. Subsequently, the relative sensitivity of 28 cultivars to sulfentrazone was independently determined by two variations of the hypocotyl reduction method (both conducted in the laboratory) and by traditional full-season field evaluation. Results from laboratory and field studies were in agreement for cultivars distinctly sensitive or tolerant to sulfentrazone. However, cultivars with intermediate tolerance in laboratory studies produced variable responses in the field.

scholarly journals Lateral Root Traits of Taxodium Hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’ in Response to Drought Stress

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-551
Author(s):  
Qin Shi ◽  
Yunlong Yin ◽  
Zhiquan Wang ◽  
Wencai Fan ◽  
Jinbo Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Surface Area

Roots are vital organs for resource uptake. However, the knowledge regarding the extent by which responses in roots influence plant resistance is still poorly known. In this study, we examined the morphological and physiological responses of lateral roots of Taxodium hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’ (Taxodium mucronatum♀ and Taxodium distichum♂, T. 406) to 8 (DS-8) and 12 days (DS-12) drought. Control plants (CK-8 and CK-12) were well-watered throughout the experiment. Results indicated that drought resulted in significantly decreased root length, surface area, volume, and biomass and a relatively high death rate of roots (>2 mm). Specific root length (SRL) and specific root surface area (SRA) of drought-stressed T. 406 plants were reduced to enhance resource uptake. Meanwhile, root relative water content (RWC) of T. 406 plants in CK-12 treatment was 5.81 times of those in DS-12 treatment. Under drought stress and root superoxide dismutase and ascorbic acid (ASA) activities, proline and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents consistently increased to benefit the elimination of O2−. At the ultrastructural level, the organelle structure of T. 406 plant root tip was visibly damaged because of dehydration. The nucleus swelled and then exhibited uncommon features of disorganization and disruption. In short, our results provided substantial information about lateral root traits of T. 406 plants in response to drought stress, which is crucial to improve the drought resistance of Taxodium hybrid in the future breeding.

scholarly journals Interactions between magnesium, calcium, and aluminum on soybean root elongation

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 747-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
Armando Ferrufino ◽  
Cláudio Sanzonowicz ◽  
Thomas Jot Smyth ◽  
Daniel W. Israel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Split Root System ◽  
Tap Root ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Al Additions ◽  
Lateral Root Length

Alleviation of Al rhizotoxicity by Ca and Mg can differ among species and genotypes. Root elongation of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] line N93-S-179 and cvs. Young and Ransom exposed to varying concentrations of Al, Ca and Mg were compared in two experiments using a vertically split root system. Roots extending from a surface compartment with limed soil grew for 12 days into a subsurface compartment with nutrient solution treatments maintained at pH 4.6 with either 0 or 15 µmol L-1 Al. Calcium and Mg concentrations in treatments ranging from 0 to 20 mmol L-1. Although an adequate supply of Mg was provided in the surface soil compartment for soybean top growth, an inclusion of Mg was necessary in the subsurface solutions to promote root elongation in both the presence and absence of Al. In the absence of Al in the subsurface solution, tap root length increased by 74 % and lateral root length tripled when Mg in the solutions was increased from 0 to either 2 or 10 mmol L-1. In the presence of 15 µmol L-1 Al, additions of 2 or 10 mmol L-1 Mg increased tap root length fourfold and lateral root length by a factor of 65. This high efficacy of Mg may have masked differences in Al tolerance between genotypes N93 and Young. Magnesium was more effective than Ca in alleviating Al rhizotoxicity, and its ameliorative properties could not be accounted for by estimated electrostatic changes in root membrane potential and Al3+ activity at the root surface. The physiological mechanisms of Mg alleviation of Al injury in roots, however, are not known.

Effects of Phosphorus on Growth and Development of Soybean Seedlings

2022 ◽  
Vol 905 ◽  
pp. 353-358
Author(s):  
Zi Xin Liao ◽  
Xiao Hao Li ◽  
Ying Bin Xue ◽  
Nai De Yang ◽  
Zheng Wei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Basic Study ◽  
Soybean Seedlings

Soybean seedlings were treated with different phosphorus (P) concentrations for 20 days to investigate their growth and development. The root growth and development of soybean seedlings was the best when the concentration of phosphorus was 250 μmol/L. After 20 days of cultivation at this concentration, the roots of soybean seedlings were developed, indicating that the main root length, lateral root length, and the number of lateral root was the best among all treatments, and the number of lateral roots was quite a few. In addition, when the concentration of P was at 250 μmol/L, it had a better promotion effect on the plant height of soybean seedlings, and could significantly enhance the development of soybean seedlings. Moreover, the growth of soybean seedlings would be inhibited at the condition of phosphorus deficiency or excessive phosphorus. In this experiment, the growth indexes of soybean seedlings were compared between four treatments of phosphorus concentration, so as to make a basic study on the physiological effect of soybean on phosphorus in early stage.

scholarly journals Phenotyping Root System Architecture of Cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) Grown Under Salinity

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shady A. Mottaleb ◽  
Essam Darwish ◽  
Menna Mostafa ◽  
Gehan Safwat
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Gossypium Barbadense ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Main Root

Abstract Soil salinity causes an annual deep negative impact to the global agricultural economy. In this study, the effects of salinity on early seedling physiology of two Egyptian cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) cultivars differing in their salinity tolerance were examined. Also the potential use of a low cost mini-rhizotron system to measure variation in root system architecture (RSA) traits existing in both cultivars was assessed. Salt tolerant cotton cultivar ‘Giza 90’ produced significantly higher root and shoot biomass, accumulated lower Na+/K+ ratio through a higher Na+ exclusion from both roots and leaves as well as synthesized higher proline contents compared to salt sensitive ‘Giza 45’ cultivar. Measuring RSA in mini-rhizotrons containing solid MS nutrient medium as substrate proved to be more precise and efficient than peat moss/sand mixture. We report superior values of main root growth rate, total root system size, main root length, higher number of lateral roots and average lateral root length in ‘Giza 90’ under salinity. Higher lateral root density and length together with higher root tissue tolerance of Na+ ions in ‘Giza 90’ give it an advantage to be used as donor genotype for desirable root traits to other elite cultivars.

scholarly journals Response of Root Growth and Development to Nitrogen and Potassium Deficiency as well as microRNA-Mediated Mechanism in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijie Li ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Kyle E. Davis ◽  
Caitlin Patterson ◽  
Sando Oo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
N Deficiency ◽  
Root Growth And Development

The mechanism of miRNA-mediated root growth and development in response to nutrient deficiency in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is still unclear. In the present study, we found that both nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) deficiency resulted in a significant reduction in plant growth, as indicated by the significantly decreased dry weight of both shoot and root tissues under N or K deficiency. Both N and K deficiency significantly reduced the root length, root surface area, root volume, root vitality, and weakened root respiration, as indicated by the reduced O2 consuming rate. N deficiency significantly decreased primary root length and lateral root number, which might be associated with the upregulation of miR160, miR167, miR393, and miR396, and the downregulation of AFB3 and GRF. The primary and lateral root responses to K deficiency were opposite to that of the N deficiency condition. The upregulated miR156, miR390, NAC4, ARF2, and AFB3, and the downregulated miR160, miR164, miR393, and SPL10 may have contributed to the growth of primary roots and lateral roots under K deficiency. Overall, roots responded differently to the N or K deficiency stresses in peanuts, potentially due to the miRNA-mediated pathway and mechanism.

scholarly journals Response of Hybrid Tomato (Solanum lycopersiucm L) for Calcium Nutrition: Growth, Root Traits and SPAD Index

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
S. Salma Santhosh ◽  
T. Chitdeshwari ◽  
D. Jegadeeswari ◽  
C. Kavitha
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Calcium Sources ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Lateral Root Length

Aims: To evaluate the effect of various sources and levels of calcium fertilisation in improving the growth and SPAD index of hybrid tomato at different growth stages. Study Design: Factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications. Place and Duration of Study: A field experiment was conducted in the farmer’s field at Devarayapuram village, Thondamuthur block, Coimbatore from January to April, 2021. Methodology: A field experiment was conducted with hybrid tomato (Solanum lycopersiucm L) Shivam by using various organic and inorganic calcium sources viz., calcium sulphate, calcium nitrate, calcium silicate, poultry manure and pressmud applied at different levels (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 kg Ca ha-1) in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The growth parameters such as plant height, root length, lateral root length, root volume and SPAD index were recorded as per standard protocols at different plant growth stages. Results: A linear increase in the plant growth, root traits and SPAD index of hybrid tomato was noted by the addition of organic and inorganic sources of calcium and the highest values were observed with the application of 80 kg Ca ha-1. Higher plant height (93.8 cm), root length (16.8 cm), lateral root length (13.3 g cc-1) and SPAD index (62.0) was registered with poultry manure applied at 80 kg Ca ha-1 which was followed by pressmud applied at the same level. Skipping of calcium in the fertiliser schedule registered the lowest growth response of hybrid tomato at all the growth stages. Conclusion: Inorganic Ca fertiliser sources though improved the growth, root traits and SPAD index of hybrid tomato at different growth stages, and it was comparatively lesser than the organic sources such as poultry manure and pressmud as calcium sources. The order of better growth performance was: Poultry manure > Pressmud > Ca silicate > Ca Nitrate > Ca sulphate. The lowest values of all the growth attributes were noted with NPK control. It was concluded that application of poultry manure at 80 kg Ca ha-1 would be effective in improving the growth, root traits and SPAD index of hybrid tomato.

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