Effects of Phosphorus on Growth and Development of Soybean Seedlings

2022 ◽  
Vol 905 ◽  
pp. 353-358
Author(s):  
Zi Xin Liao ◽  
Xiao Hao Li ◽  
Ying Bin Xue ◽  
Nai De Yang ◽  
Zheng Wei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Basic Study ◽  
Soybean Seedlings

Soybean seedlings were treated with different phosphorus (P) concentrations for 20 days to investigate their growth and development. The root growth and development of soybean seedlings was the best when the concentration of phosphorus was 250 μmol/L. After 20 days of cultivation at this concentration, the roots of soybean seedlings were developed, indicating that the main root length, lateral root length, and the number of lateral root was the best among all treatments, and the number of lateral roots was quite a few. In addition, when the concentration of P was at 250 μmol/L, it had a better promotion effect on the plant height of soybean seedlings, and could significantly enhance the development of soybean seedlings. Moreover, the growth of soybean seedlings would be inhibited at the condition of phosphorus deficiency or excessive phosphorus. In this experiment, the growth indexes of soybean seedlings were compared between four treatments of phosphorus concentration, so as to make a basic study on the physiological effect of soybean on phosphorus in early stage.

scholarly journals Response of Root Growth and Development to Nitrogen and Potassium Deficiency as well as microRNA-Mediated Mechanism in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijie Li ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Kyle E. Davis ◽  
Caitlin Patterson ◽  
Sando Oo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
N Deficiency ◽  
Root Growth And Development

The mechanism of miRNA-mediated root growth and development in response to nutrient deficiency in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is still unclear. In the present study, we found that both nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) deficiency resulted in a significant reduction in plant growth, as indicated by the significantly decreased dry weight of both shoot and root tissues under N or K deficiency. Both N and K deficiency significantly reduced the root length, root surface area, root volume, root vitality, and weakened root respiration, as indicated by the reduced O2 consuming rate. N deficiency significantly decreased primary root length and lateral root number, which might be associated with the upregulation of miR160, miR167, miR393, and miR396, and the downregulation of AFB3 and GRF. The primary and lateral root responses to K deficiency were opposite to that of the N deficiency condition. The upregulated miR156, miR390, NAC4, ARF2, and AFB3, and the downregulated miR160, miR164, miR393, and SPL10 may have contributed to the growth of primary roots and lateral roots under K deficiency. Overall, roots responded differently to the N or K deficiency stresses in peanuts, potentially due to the miRNA-mediated pathway and mechanism.

NaCl salinity affects lateral root development in Plantago maritima

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Rubinigg ◽  
Julia Wenisch ◽  
J. Theo M. Elzenga ◽  
Ineke Stulen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Lateral Root Primordia ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Length Growth ◽  
Lateral Root Length

Root growth and morphology were assessed weekly in hydroponically-grown seedlings of the halophyte Plantago maritima L. during exposure to 0, 50, 100 and 200 mm NaCl for 21 d. Relative growth rate was reduced by 25% at 200 mm NaCl. The lower NaCl treatments did not affect relative growth rates. Primary and lateral roots responded differently to NaCl. While primary-root length increased at all NaCl concentrations, total lateral-root length increased at 50 and was not affected at 100 mm but was considerably reduced at 200 mm NaCl. NaCl concentrations of 50 and 100 mm, which had no effect on relative growth rate or total lateral-root length, severely affected root branching pattern in that the number of first, second and third order laterals was reduced. At 200 mm NaCl third order laterals were not formed at all. However, mean lateral-root length was increased at all NaCl concentrations and was highest at 200 mm NaCl. We conclude that the increase in total lateral-root length in plants at 50 and 100 mm NaCl was mainly caused by increased length growth, while the decrease in total lateral-root length at 200 mm was the consequence of inhibition of lateral root primordia and / or the activation of apical meristems rather than reduced length growth.

Response of Selected Soybean (Glycine max) Cultivars to Dimethenamid and Metolachlor in Hydroponic Conditions

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley T. Osborne ◽  
David R. Shaw ◽  
Randall L. Ratliff
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Length Reduction ◽  
Hydroponic Conditions ◽  
Lateral Root Length

Soybean cultivars were grown in a hydroponic culture to evaluate tolerance to dimethenamid and metolachlor. Root length was reduced in 7 of the 32 cultivars with 50 ppb dimethenamid. ‘Asgrow 5403’ and ‘Bryan’ root lengths were reduced more than 20%. ‘Asgrow 6297’ was the only cultivar with greater than 12% root length reductions with 83 ppb metolachlor. The longest lateral root of all cultivars was shortened with dimethenamid. ‘NK-1460’ and Bryan expressed the most lateral root length reduction, at 73 and 62%, respectively. Asgrow 6297 was tolerant to dimethenamid, but lateral roots were reduced 16%. Metolachlor reduced the lateral root lengths of 12 cultivars, with Asgrow 5403, ‘Coker 6955,’ and Bryan reduced more than 20%. Bryan was the most sensitive cultivar to both herbicides, while ‘Brim’ was the most tolerant of cultivars evaluated.

scholarly journals Soybean Root Systems and Sudden Death Syndrome Severity: Taproot and Lateral Root Infection

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 1011-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loretta M. Ortiz-Ribbing ◽  
Darin M. Eastburn
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Root System ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Progress Curve

Experiments were conducted in the greenhouse to evaluate the role that infection location (taproot versus lateral root) plays in disease development of sudden death syndrome (SDS) on soybean (Glycine max) caused by the fungus Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines. Root characteristics of 12 soybean cultivars, representing a range of SDS reactions, were evaluated and compared for disease responses. A method was developed to facilitate taproot or lateral root infection. Results show that this procedure may be useful for observing a continuum of foliar and root disease responses. Significant differences in root length, surface area, and average diameter were observed among cultivars when infection occurred at the taproot or on the lateral roots. A significant correlation existed between foliar symptoms (i.e., area under the disease progress curve [AUDPC]) and root length, surface area, and volume for inoculated plants. Root volume and percent root discoloration were significantly different among individual soybean cultivars, and percent root discoloration was associated with AUDPC values only when the initial site of infection was on the lateral roots of soybean plants. Useful information about root system responses to SDS may be obtained from infection of the entire root system as opposed to only taproot infection.

scholarly journals Lateral Root Traits of Taxodium Hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’ in Response to Drought Stress

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-551
Author(s):  
Qin Shi ◽  
Yunlong Yin ◽  
Zhiquan Wang ◽  
Wencai Fan ◽  
Jinbo Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Surface Area

Roots are vital organs for resource uptake. However, the knowledge regarding the extent by which responses in roots influence plant resistance is still poorly known. In this study, we examined the morphological and physiological responses of lateral roots of Taxodium hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’ (Taxodium mucronatum♀ and Taxodium distichum♂, T. 406) to 8 (DS-8) and 12 days (DS-12) drought. Control plants (CK-8 and CK-12) were well-watered throughout the experiment. Results indicated that drought resulted in significantly decreased root length, surface area, volume, and biomass and a relatively high death rate of roots (>2 mm). Specific root length (SRL) and specific root surface area (SRA) of drought-stressed T. 406 plants were reduced to enhance resource uptake. Meanwhile, root relative water content (RWC) of T. 406 plants in CK-12 treatment was 5.81 times of those in DS-12 treatment. Under drought stress and root superoxide dismutase and ascorbic acid (ASA) activities, proline and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents consistently increased to benefit the elimination of O2−. At the ultrastructural level, the organelle structure of T. 406 plant root tip was visibly damaged because of dehydration. The nucleus swelled and then exhibited uncommon features of disorganization and disruption. In short, our results provided substantial information about lateral root traits of T. 406 plants in response to drought stress, which is crucial to improve the drought resistance of Taxodium hybrid in the future breeding.

The origin and development of root buds in Asclepias syriaca

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 2119-2125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia L. Polowick ◽  
M. V. S. Raju
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Root ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Root Anatomy ◽  
Main Root ◽  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Vascular Connections ◽  
Root Buds

The persistence of Asclepias syriaca L. as a weed is related to its ability to propagate vegetatively by the development of adventitious buds on roots. These root buds arise on the main root and upper lateral roots within 25 days of the establishment of seedlings and are generally associated with the bases of lateral roots. A study of root anatomy shows that the origin of these buds is endogenous, in the pericycle and (or) its derivatives. No root buds are initiated until after lateral roots have developed and some cambial activity has begun. Vascular connections from the bud to the stele of the parent root, or an associated lateral root, are made at an early stage of bud development.

Influence of soybean tissue and oomicide seed treatments on oomycete isolation

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Albert Noel ◽  
Dair McDuffee ◽  
Martin I Chilvers
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Pythium Irregulare ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Isolation Probability

Soybean seedlings are vulnerable to different oomycete pathogens. Seed treatments containing the two anti-oomycete (oomicide) chemicals, metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam), and ethaboxam are used for the protection against oomycete pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of these two oomicides on the isolation probability of oomycetes from soybean taproot or lateral root sections. Soybean plants were collected between the first and third trifoliate growth stages from five Midwest field locations in 2016 and four of the same fields in 2017. Oomycetes were isolated from taproot and lateral root. In 2016, 369 isolation attempts were completed resulting in 121 isolates from the taproot and 154 isolates from the lateral root. In 2017, 468 isolation attempts were completed, with 44 isolates from the taproot and 120 isolates from the lateral roots. In three of nine site-years, the probability of isolating an oomycete from a taproot or lateral root section was significantly different. Seed treatments containing a mixture of ethaboxam and metalaxyl significantly reduced the probability of oomycete isolation from lateral roots in Illinois in 2016 and 2017, but not in other locations, which may have been related to the heavy soil type (clay loam). Among the 439 isolates collected from the two years sampled, 24 oomycete species were identified, and community compositions differed depending on location and year. The five most abundant species were Pythium sylvaticum (28.9%), Pythium heterothallicum (14.3%), Pythium ultimum var. ultimum (11.8%), Pythium attrantheridium (7.9%), and Pythium irregulare (6.6%) which accounted for 61.7% of the isolates collected. Oomicide sensitivity to ethaboxam and mefenoxam was assessed for more than 300 isolates. There were large differences in ethaboxam sensitivity among oomycete species with EC50 ranging from < 0.01 to > 100 μg ml-1, and a median of 0.65 μg ml-1. Isolates with insensitivity to ethaboxam (> 12 μg ml-1) belonging to the species Pythium torulosum and Pythium rostratifingens but were sensitive to mefenoxam. Oomicide sensitivity to mefenoxam ranged from < 0.01 to 0.62 μg ml-1 with a median of 0.03 μg ml-1. The mean EC50 of the five most abundant species to ethaboxam ranged from 0.35 to 0.97 μg ml-1 of ethaboxam and from 0.02 to 0.04 μg ml-1 of mefenoxam. No shift in sensitivity to mefenoxam or ethaboxam was observed due to soybean seed treatment or year relative to the non-treated seed controls. In summary, this study contributed to the understanding of the composition of oomycete populations from different soybean root tissues, locations, years, and seed treatments. Finally, the effectiveness of seed treatments containing mefenoxam or metalaxyl plus ethaboxam can be effective in reducing the probability of oomycete isolation from soybean roots.

scholarly journals Effects of phosphorus deficiency on the root growth of lentil seedlings grown in rhizobox

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bimal Chandra Sarker ◽  
JL Karmoker
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Meristem ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Primary Root Length

Phosphorus deficiency resulted in an increase in the length of primary root, length and number of lateral roots, root hairs and root meristem volume of the seedlings of lentil grown in rhizobox. Key words: Phosphorus deficiency; Root length; Root growth; Rhizobox; Lentil DOI: 10.3329/bjb.v38i2.5153 Bangladesh J. Bot. 38(2): 215-218, 2009 (December)  

scholarly journals Early Growth and Development of Pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] Seedlings in the Greenhouse as Influenced by Shade and Root-zone Modification

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 532E-533
Author(s):  
Desmond R. Layne ◽  
L.N. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Split Plot

This experiment was designed to determine the optimal light level for growing pawpaw seedlings in the greenhouse. In addition, we wanted to determine if modifying the root-zone would positively impact pawpaw seedling growth and development. Experimental treatments were imposed from seed sowing until the plants were destructively harvested. The experimental design was a split-plot, where blocking was done by position in the greenhouse. The main plot of the experiment was shade. This was accomplished by growing seedlings under a wooden frame covered with shadecloth to reduce incident light intensity received by the plant by 30%, 55%, 80%, or 95%. The control treatment was 0% shade or ambient greenhouse light level. The split-plot was root-zone modification. Half of all growing containers were untreated (control) while the other half were painted with SpinOut™, a commercially available product used to reduce root spiraling in nursery containers. There were 40 replicate seedlings per experimental treatment combination per block. Seedling shoot length and unfolded leaf number was recorded twice a week from seedling emergence until destructive harvest. Whole-plant leaf area was also determined. Leaves, stems, and tap and lateral roots were separated and dried to determine biomass partitioned to the respective organs. Up to 55% shade did not significantly reduce whole-plant biomass, while plants at 80% and 95% shade were stunted. Shade in the greenhouse is not required as was previously thought. Specific leaf mass and lateral root mass decreased as shade increased. Neither tap or lateral root dry weights were significantly affected by root-zone modification. New recommendations for container production of pawpaws in the greenhouse will be discussed.

scholarly journals Phenotyping Root System Architecture of Cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) Grown Under Salinity

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shady A. Mottaleb ◽  
Essam Darwish ◽  
Menna Mostafa ◽  
Gehan Safwat
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Gossypium Barbadense ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Main Root

Abstract Soil salinity causes an annual deep negative impact to the global agricultural economy. In this study, the effects of salinity on early seedling physiology of two Egyptian cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) cultivars differing in their salinity tolerance were examined. Also the potential use of a low cost mini-rhizotron system to measure variation in root system architecture (RSA) traits existing in both cultivars was assessed. Salt tolerant cotton cultivar ‘Giza 90’ produced significantly higher root and shoot biomass, accumulated lower Na+/K+ ratio through a higher Na+ exclusion from both roots and leaves as well as synthesized higher proline contents compared to salt sensitive ‘Giza 45’ cultivar. Measuring RSA in mini-rhizotrons containing solid MS nutrient medium as substrate proved to be more precise and efficient than peat moss/sand mixture. We report superior values of main root growth rate, total root system size, main root length, higher number of lateral roots and average lateral root length in ‘Giza 90’ under salinity. Higher lateral root density and length together with higher root tissue tolerance of Na+ ions in ‘Giza 90’ give it an advantage to be used as donor genotype for desirable root traits to other elite cultivars.

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