Small Grain and Grass Weed Response to BAS-514 with Adjuvants

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Manthey ◽  
John D. Nalewaja ◽  
Edward F. Szelezniak
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Grass Weed ◽  
Petroleum Oil

Experiments were conducted in the greenhouse and the field to determine the influence of various oil adjuvants on small grain and grass weed susceptibility to foliarly applied BAS-514 OO H (BAS-514). Barnyardgrass, green foxtail, and yellow foxtail were more susceptible to BAS-514 at 0.56 kg ai ha-1applied with than without an oil adjuvant. Shoot fresh weight reductions of barnyardgrass, green foxtail, and yellow foxtail were greater when BAS-514 at 0.56 kg ha-1was applied with a methylated seed oil than with a petroleum oil adjuvant in the greenhouse. Differences in the effectiveness among oil adjuvants in enhancing BAS-514 phytotoxicity were more evident in greenhouse than in field experiments. Oil adjuvant enhancement of BAS-514 varied with plant species. Oats, hard red spring wheat, and winter wheat tolerated BAS-514 at 1.1 kg ha-1foliarly applied with or without an oil adjuvant in the greenhouse. BAS-514 at 0.56 kg ha-1applied with oil adjuvants caused less than 5% injury to wheat in the field.

Green Foxtail (Setaria viridis) Competition with Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dallas E. Peterson ◽  
John D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Green Foxtail

Yield reductions due to green foxtail competition with hard red spring wheat varied with environment in field experiments conducted in 1984, 1985, and 1986 at Oakes, Langdon, Prosper, and Fargo, North Dakota. Wheat yield reductions ranged from 0 to 47% from 720 green foxtail plants per m2. Inclusion of early season temperature and precipitation, soil texture, and foxtail density into multiple regression analysis of wheat yield reductions significantly increased the coefficient of determination to 0.62 compared with 0.12 for regression based on green foxtail density alone. Wheat yield reduction decreased as green foxtail seeding was delayed after wheat seeding in 1986. Wheat yield generally decreased as time of diclofop application was delayed from 2 to 6 wk after wheat emergence in 1986.

Weed Seedling Emergence and Survival as Affected by Crop Canopy

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 736-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Seedling Emergence And Survival ◽  
Weed Dynamics

This study measured impact of cool-season crops on seedling emergence, survival, and seed production of weeds common in corn and soybean. Weed dynamics were monitored in permanently marked quadrats in winter wheat, spring wheat, and canola. Three species, green foxtail, yellow foxtail, and common lambsquarters, comprised more than 80% of the weeds observed in the study. Seedling emergence was reduced by winter wheat, but not by spring wheat or canola, when compared with adjacent quadrats without a crop canopy. Approximately 10% of seedlings in spring wheat and canola developed into seed-bearing plants, but no seed-bearing plants were present in winter wheat at harvest. Common lambsquarters produced more than 1,100 seeds/plant, whereas a foxtail plant produced 85 seeds, averaged across spring wheat and canola. At harvest, new seedlings were present in all crops; thus, control after harvest will be required to prevent seed production in the fall. Winter wheat may provide an opportunity to disrupt population dynamics of weeds common in corn and soybean without requiring herbicides.

Fall-Applied Glyphosate for Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Control in Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Carlson ◽  
William W. Donald
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
Fall Application ◽  
Root Buds

Effects of repeated late-fall applications of the isopropylamine salt of glyphosate at 1.7 kg ae/ha plus 0.5% (v/v) surfactant on adventitious root buds, thickened propagative roots (> 1.3 mm diam), and shoot density of Canada thistle were studied in continuous hard red spring wheat over a 4-yr period. Glyphosate suppressed Canada thistle shoot density more quickly and to a greater extent than thickened root fresh weight or root bud number. A single fall application of glyphosate drastically decreased Canada thistle shoot density for 1 yr after treatment. However, shoot density was the same as the untreated control by 2 yr after a single fall treatment. Two consecutive late-fall applications of glyphosate in 2 yr decreased Canada thistle shoot density 94% in the fall 1 yr after the last treatment. Glyphosate reduced Canada thistle thickened root fresh weight 70% in the first fall 1 yr after a single fall treatment. However, 2 yr after a single fall application of glyphosate, root fresh weight equalled the controls. Two consecutive fall applications of glyphosate reduced thickened root fresh weight 77% 1 yr after the second treatment.

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SOIL MOISTURE TENSIONS ON FLAX AND CEREALS

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Bourget ◽  
B. J. Finn ◽  
B. K. Dow
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Field Capacity

Young seedlings of flax and cereals, grown in a greenhouse, were subjected to 0, 12.5, and 25.0 cm of soil moisture tension for periods of 7, 14, and 21 days The grain, straw, and root yields of all plant species, except barky, increased with increasing soil moisture content was maintained near field capacity during the growth of plants. The yields of oats, winter wheat, and fall rye decreased with increasing duration of flooding, whereas those of barley, flax and spring wheat were variable. Correlation coefficients between yields of tops and roots were positive.

scholarly journals Colonization of wheat grain by Fusaria in two crop management systems varying in intensity of production technology

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Czaban ◽  
B. Wróblewska ◽  
A. Sułek ◽  
G. Podolska
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Crop Management Systems ◽  
Rainfall Level

Colonization of wheat grain by Fusaria in two crop management systems varying in intensity of production technology The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two cropping systems (intensive and integrated) on infection level of winter and spring wheat kernels by Fusarium species. Field experiments were conducted with winter wheat ‘Tonacja’ and spring wheat ‘Bombona’ during two consecutive growing seasons (2007/2008 and 2008/2009 - winter wheat, and 2008 and 2009 - spring wheat). A rainfall level in 2009 from the last decade of May to the first decade of July was 2.5-times higher than that in 2008. After the harvest, kernels were surface disinfected with 1.5% NaOCl solution for 2 min and then analysed for the infection level by different species of Fusarium. Fusaria were isolated on CZID medium and identified on the basis of macro - and micro-morphology on three media (PDA, SNA and a medium containing tannin). Our results demonstrate that the wheat grain infection by Fusarium depended mainly on a rainfall level. The intensive cropping system was more conducive to the grain infection by fusaria in comparison to the integrated one. The most frequent species were F. avenaceum in 2008, and F. graminearum, F. avenaceum and F. poae in 2009.

Management of Leaf Rust and Stripe Rust in Hard Red Spring Wheat at Different Timings of Disease Onset

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-311
Author(s):  
Bryn Evin ◽  
Scott Meyer ◽  
Casey Schuh ◽  
Sam Haugen ◽  
Jessica Halvorson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Fungicide Application

Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) and leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) can cause significant yield reductions to hard red spring wheat (HRSW) in North Dakota (ND). The use of host resistance and fungicides can successfully manage this disease. However, the combination of them may not be appropriate every year. From 2016 to 2018, fungicide timing by cultivar experiments were conducted to update recommendations for rust management. Experiments were designed in a randomized complete block with a split-plot arrangement. Main plots included three HRSW cultivars that were moderately resistant, moderately susceptible, and susceptible. Subplots included the fungicide timings of Feekes 9, Feekes 10.5.1, a sequential application, and a nontreated control. Field experiments were categorized into three environments depending on rust onset and disease progress. When rust was detected at early heading, the susceptible cultivar benefited from all fungicide application timings. The detection of rust at tillering leaf stages suggested that fungicide treatments statistically lowered disease and in most cases had statistically higher yield, regardless of host resistance. These results suggest that the benefit from a fungicide application to manage leaf rust and stripe rust is highly influenced by the timing of disease onset and level of host resistance. Results will improve fungicide suggestions for HRSW producers in ND.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Tolerance to Triallate Applied Spring Preplant-Incorporated

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 652-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M. McMullan ◽  
John D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Application Date ◽  
Solid Stem ◽  
Treated Layer

Research was conducted to determine environmental and cultural factors influencing triallate phytotoxicity to hard red spring wheat. Triallate injured ‘Alex’ wheat more than ‘Coteau’ but injury was not influenced by triallate application date. Wild oat control was greater when triallate was applied immediately before seeding compared to 12 d before seeding. Triallate tolerance in wheat did not relate to solid stem characteristic. Injury was highest when wheat was seeded in a 4-cm incorporated triallate layer and least when wheat was seeded below the treated layer. However, triallate injury to wheat was similar at both seeding depths within the 8-cm incorporated triallate layer. Triallate at 1.1 kg ai ha-1reduced wheat fresh weight approximately 33% with a soil at 8 C but over 84% with a soil at 24 C.

Effects of Ultra-low Volume Application on Herbicide Efficacy Using Oil Diluents as Carriers

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 682-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daren R. Bohannan ◽  
Thomas N. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Water Field ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Carrier Volume ◽  
Petroleum Oil

The efficacy of postemergence herbicide applications was evaluated in the greenhouse and the field in 1993 and 1994, using variables of carrier volume and diluent type. Ultra-low volume (ULV) applications of herbicides using an air-assisted sprayer calibrated at a volume of 9.4 L/ha were compared to 94 and 187 L/ha applications with a conventional hydraulic system. In greenhouse studies, reduced rates of sethoxydim, clethodim, fluazifop-P, and quizalofop were used to compare the effects of carrier types and volumes on their efficacy to yellow foxtail. All herbicides applied in oil diluents at 9.4 L/ha, with the exception of fluazifop-P and quizalofop applied in soybean oil, provided better yellow foxtail control than when applied in water at 94 and 187 L/ha. Sethoxydim and clethodim applied at 25 and 16% of the recommended rate, respectively, provided over 90% control in both petroleum oil and methylated seed oil. Reduced rates of glyphosate in petroleum oil or soybean oil were more effective at reducing bermudagrass growth than in water or methylated seed oil. Activity of glyphosate in methylated seed oil was no more effective than in water. Field experiments were conducted to study the efficacy of ULV applications of sethoxydim, clethodim, fluazifop-P, imazethapyr, and bentazon. Rates of the postemergence grass herbicides could be reduced by applying them at ULV in oil diluents while maintaining annual grass control equal to that achieved with higher herbicide rates in larger volumes of water. Control of annual grasses and annual broadleaf weeds with bentazon and imazethapyr applied at ULV were inconsistent and did not provide acceptable weed control. This may be partially due to the poor suspension of these herbicides in oil carriers.

Efficiency of an Optically Controlled Sprayer for Controlling Weeds in Fallow

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail A. Wicks ◽  
Warwick L. Felton ◽  
Robert D. Murison ◽  
Gordon E. Hanson ◽  
Paul G. Nash
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
The Other ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Controlled System ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Green Foxtail

Field experiments were conducted to compare performance of glyphosate with three different boom arrangements in a winter wheat-fallow rotation near North Platte, NE, in 1994 and 1995. One boom was optically controlled, and the other boom was for broadcast herbicide applications. Spraying with both booms at the same time was called “dual boom.” The sprayers were tested during May, June, and July on two weed density levels established by applying glyphosate at 0.42 kg ae/ha with and without atrazine at 0.84 kg ai/ha in October following wheat harvest. The dual-boom and the broadcast herbicide applications were more efficient in controlling weeds than the optically controlled system. The dual boom reduced weed density 4.5-fold compared with the optically controlled sprayer used alone. Horseweed < 8 cm tall was more difficult to control with the optically controlled sprayer than redroot pigweed and kochia because of its cylindrical-shaped growth patterns. Barnyardgrass and green foxtail seedlings with an erect growth pattern were also difficult for the sensors to detect. Poorer control with the optically controlled sprayer was associated with failure to identify small weeds, chlorotic plants, inconsistency among sensors, and too wide a field of view (FOV), as sensors were spaced farther apart than presently recommended. The number of sensors on a boom needs to be increased to improve the performance of the optically controlled sprayer.

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