The burden of infection with cytomegalovirus in England and Wales: how many women are infected in pregnancy?

2008 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. VYSE ◽  
L. M. HESKETH ◽  
R. G. PEBODY
Keyword(s):  
Serological Survey ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Antibody Prevalence ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Age Range

SUMMARYA serological survey was used to investigate the epidemiology of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in England and Wales. A total of 5237 sera representing the complete age range were used reflecting the general population. The sera were collected in 1991 and 2002, and screened for CMV-specific IgG by ELISA. Antibody prevalence increased with age from ~15% in those aged 1–4 years to ~80% in those aged ⩾65 years with no association with gender or region. Analysing by common birth cohort demonstrated that between 1991 and 2002 incidence was highest in children born 1985–1989 (1·62% per year, 95% CI 0·86–2·35), lower in older children and younger adults born 1950–1984 (0·75% per year, 95% CI 0·29–1·19) with little evidence of infection in older adults born pre-1950 (0% per year, 95% CI 0–0·64). Application to population and live-birth estimates for England and Wales suggested that between 1991 and 2002, 159 996 (95% CI 67922–278277) CMV infections occurred annually with an annual average of 2133 (95% CI 816–3435) infections affecting pregnant females.

scholarly journals The burden of parvovirus B19 infection in women of childbearing age in England and Wales

2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (8) ◽  
pp. 1354-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. VYSE ◽  
N. J. ANDREWS ◽  
L. M. HESKETH ◽  
R. PEBODY
Keyword(s):  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
Previous Infection ◽  
Parvovirus B19 Infection ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Made In

SUMMARYA serological survey has been used to investigate the epidemiology of parvovirus B19 infection in England and Wales. A total of 2835 sera representing the complete age range were selected from a convenience collection obtained in 1996 that reflects the general population and screened for parvovirus B19-specific IgG. Antibody prevalence rose nonlinearly with age from 21% in those aged 1–4 years to >75% in adults aged ⩾45 years. Force-of-infection estimates were similar to those previously made in 1991, being highest in those aged <15 years. There was no association between evidence of previous infection and sex or region. Quantitatively strongest antibody responses were found in those aged 15–34 years and IgG levels in females were 28·5% higher than those found in males (P=0·004, 95% CI 8·2–52·6). Applying the upper 95% confidence interval for the force of infection to maternity estimates for England and Wales in 1996, parvovirus infection in pregnancy was estimated to occur on average in up to 1 in every 512 pregnancies each year. This represents 1257 maternal infections, causing up to an estimated 59 fetal deaths and 11 cases of hydrops fetalis annually. An analysis of all available laboratory-confirmed parvovirus infections found a mean of 944 infections per year in women aged 15–44 years highlighting a need for enhanced surveillance of maternal parvovirus B19 infection in England and Wales, including information on both pregnancy and outcome of pregnancy.

scholarly journals Interpreting serological surveys using mixture models: the seroepidemiology of measles, mumps and rubella in England and Wales at the beginning of the 21st century

2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 1303-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. VYSE ◽  
N. J. GAY ◽  
L. M. HESKETH ◽  
R. PEBODY ◽  
P. MORGAN-CAPNER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Specific Frequency ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Age Range

A mixture modelling technique is applied to age-specific frequency distributions of quantitative results from serological surveys for measles, mumps and rubella using samples collected across the age range in England and Wales in 2000. In accordance with previous studies the analysis suggests that the antibody response to natural infection is stronger than that produced by vaccination, that vaccine-induced antibody levels wane with time and that levels of vaccine-induced antibody response vary for each virus infection being strongest for rubella and weakest for mumps. The current mumps epidemic in the United Kingdom is focused in cohorts born during 1982–1987 who were too old to have received routine MMR vaccination. In the cohort born in 1981–1985 the model estimates that 7·5% have no evidence of mumps specific IgG and 24·9% have the lowest level of detectable antibody. The similar proportions of mumps antibody in these categories among cohorts with opportunity for 1 or 2 doses of vaccine is a concern, as the degree to which these individuals are protected is unclear. Investigations into the efficacy of two doses of a mumps containing vaccine should be a priority during the current epidemic.

scholarly journals Possible Selves Across the Lifespan

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 449-449
Author(s):  
Victoria Chen ◽  
Alysson Light
Keyword(s):  
Possible Selves ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Midlife Adults ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Possible selves are defined as “personalized representations of one’s self in future states” (Cross & Markus, 1991). Research has also found that thinking frequently about possible selves predicts lower well-being, whereas thinking clearly about possible selves is associated with higher well-being (McElwee & Haugh, 2010). However, possible selves differ across the lifespan (Hooker & Kaus, 1994; Cross & Markus, 1991) and life stages can impact exploration of possible identities (Arnett, 2000). Thus we hypothesize that the relationship between thought about possible selves and well-being differs across the lifespan. In a cross-sectional survey, 240 participants (age range: 18-92) reported on frequency and clarity of possible selves, as well as general self-clarity (Campbell et al., 1996). Results indicate curvilinear moderation by age of the link between possible self-clarity and well-being, with the association being stronger among midlife adults than among younger adults and older adults. Also, as clarity of feared possible selves increases, self-concept clarity decreases. Similarly, frequency of thinking about feared possible selves was negatively correlated with self-concept clarity. However, clarity and frequency of thought about hoped-for positive possible selves had no correlation with self-concept clarity.

scholarly journals Cognitive and Physical Activity-Related Aspects of Children Associated to the Performance of the Crunning Movement

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Ewan Thomas ◽  
Marianna Alesi ◽  
Garden Tabacchi ◽  
Carlos Marques da Silva ◽  
David J. Sturm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Movement Performance ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
Age Range

The aim of this investigation was to identify possible related factors associated to the performance of the crunning test in European children and adolescents. A total number of 559 children and adolescents (age range 6–14 years) of which 308 boys (55.1%) and 251 girls (44.9%), from seven European countries, were screened. A questionnaire concerning demographic and personal life-related factors and a cognitive assessment were performed. A regression analysis was conducted with the performance measures of the crunning movement. T-tests and ANCOVA were used to analyze sub-group differences. Boys have greater crunning performance values compared to girls (5.55 s vs. 7.06 s, p < 0.001) and older children perform better than younger ones (R2 −0.23; p < 0.001). Children with healthy and active habits (exercising or spending time with family members vs. reading or surfing the internet) performed better in the test. Children engaged in team sports had better crunning performances compared to those engaged in individual sports (6.01 s vs. 6.66 s, p = 0.0166). No significant association was found regarding cognitive-related aspects in either children engaged in team or individual sports and the crunning performance. Older and male children performed better in the crunning test than younger and female children. Physical activity-related aspects of children’s life are associated with crunning movement performance. No association was found between higher cognitive performance and the crunning test results.

scholarly journals Can children's spelling of schwa vowels in stems be improved?

2010 ◽  
pp. 113-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Rosa ◽  
Terezinha Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Early Signs ◽  
Priming Condition ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Written Form ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Morphological Representation

Children in the early grades of primary school do not seem to have much awareness of morphemes. In this study, a priming paradigm was used to try to detect early signs of morphological representation of stems through a spelling task presented to Portuguese children (N= 396; age range 6 to 9 years). Primes shared the stem with the targets and contained well-articulated, stressed vowels; the stems of the target words contained non-stressed schwa vowels, which typically result in spelling difficulties. If priming proved effective, the well-articulated vowels in the prime should lead to improvement in the spelling of the schwa vowels in the targets. Primes were presented in two conditions: in only-oral or in oral-plus-written form. Effectiveness of priming was assessed by comparison with a no-priming condition. There was a significant interaction between priming effects and grade. No priming effects were detected in 6- and 7-year-old children; oral-plus-written priming produced higher rates of correct vowel spelling for 8- and 9-year-olds; only-oral priming was effective in improving the vowel spelling of 9-year-olds. Thus the older children used morphological information under priming conditions but there is no evidence to suggest that younger children did so.

Suicide and Parasuicide in Childhood and Early Adolescence

1985 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Brooksbank
Keyword(s):  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Age Range

Suicide is intentional self-killing, and parasuicide an act of deliberate self-harm—either by injury, ingestion or inhalation—not resulting in death (Blacket al,1982). Both are rare under the age of 12 and the rate of suicide in those under 16 remains consistently low. Referrals to psychiatric services reported by Shaffer (1974) indicated that 7–10% were for threatened or attempted suicide, while Hawton (1982) quoted studies giving the incidence as 10–33% for children aged six to 12; in England and Wales (1962–1968), suicide accounted for 0.6% of deaths in the 10–14 age-range. McClure (1984) found that between 1975 and 1980, only ten such deaths were recorded in the 13-and-under range, and 26 deaths in the 14 year-olds, after which the number of suicides rose sharply with each successive year. That study also showed that parasuicide was most common in the 15–24 age-group, but at younger ages there was a higher proportion of undetermined deaths, as against officially recorded suicides. The social taboos associated with suicide may lead to its systematic under-reporting, but even allowing for that, the phenomenon is still a rare one under the age of 16.

Unintentional Perineal Injury in Prepubescent Girls: A Multicenter, Prospective Report of 56 Girls

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 628-631
Author(s):  
G. Randall Bond ◽  
M. Denise Dowd ◽  
Ira Landsman ◽  
Mary Rimsza
Keyword(s):  
Unintentional Injury ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
Pattern Of Injury ◽  
Labia Minora ◽  
Perineal Injury ◽  
Perineal Injuries ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Age Range

Objective. To determine the pattern of perineal injuries and frequency of hymenal involvement resulting from unintentional trauma in prepubescent girls. Design. Prospective, multicenter. Observation by skilled observers. Determination of the circumstance and physical pattern of injury, with specific attention to the hymen. Setting. Children's emergency department or acute care clinic. Patients. Tanner stage 1 girls presenting with acute perineal injury. Criteria for unintentional injury: observation of the event or knowledge of the girl's engagement in a risky activity (eg, biking or climbing monkey bars) immediately before the injury. Results. Fifty-six girls were evaluated. Age range: 1 to 12 years (median, 6 years; mean, 6.2 years). Associations: bicycle, 39%; other outdoor injuries, 25% (climbing apparatus, straddling an object, and falls); indoor injuries, 36% (straddling furniture and falls). Most injuries were minor. In each group the labia minora was the most frequent structure involved. The majority of injuries were anterior or lateral to the hymen. However, in 34% some or all of the injuries were posterior to the hymen. Thigh injuries were observed only in older children engaged in bicycle riding or outdoor play. In only one patient was the hymen involved. That patient was a 2 year old who fell outdoors, at a park, abducting her legs in a splits-type mechanism. She had a pinpoint abraded area on the hymenal surface at three o'clock. Otherwise, no unique pattern of injury was associated with age or circumstance of injury. Conclusions. Hymenal injuries are rarely the result of unintentional injury. The presence of a hymenal injury should suggest sexual abuse. Involvement of other perineal structures was commonly associated with unintended injury. Given the limited resources for prevention, the relative infrequency of perineal injuries and the minor nature of most of these injuries, significant preventive efforts are not justified.

scholarly journals Pediatric ITP: is it different from adult ITP?

Hematology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
pp. 405-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny M. Despotovic ◽  
Amanda B. Grimes
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Immune Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Abstract Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) has historically been thought to occur in 2 distinct forms: childhood ITP and adult ITP. This division is based largely on the presumption that childhood ITP is often benign and self-limited, whereas ITP in adults tends to be more chronic and difficult to treat. Although data exist to justify a different approach to the diagnosis and treatment in young children and the elderly, ITP in older children, adolescents, and younger adults is likely to share more similar pathology. This article will highlight the most recent data describing the natural history, diagnostic approach, management strategies, and disease-related outcomes in children and adults with ITP. These data reveal many unexpected similarities between the 2 groups, while confirming some of the more well-described differences. Discussion of these findings aims to highlight similarities and differences between ITP in children and adults, which will underscore important areas of future research and/or changes in management guidelines.

Quality of Life in Paediatric Migraine: Characterization of Age-Related Effects Using PedsQL 4.0

Cephalalgia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
SW Powers ◽  
SR Patton ◽  
KA Hommel ◽  
AD Hershey
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Clinic Visit ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Quality Of Life Inventory ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pedsql 4.0 ◽  
Age Range

The aim of this study was to measure quality of life (QOL) across a broad age range of paediatric migraine patients. Children and adolescents ( n = 686) with migraine completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, version 4.0 (PedsQL 4.0) and a standardized headache assessment at an initial clinic visit. The sample size for each PedsQL age group was: age 2-4 = 21, age 5-7 = 86, age 8-12 = 298, and age 13-18 = 281. Mean total score was 72.7 ± 14.8, significantly less than healthy norms ( P < 0.01). Teens reported lower School Functioning than older and young children ( P < 0.05) and young children reported lower Social Functioning than older children and teens ( P < 0.001). A moderate relation was found between self and parent report. Age-related effects on QOL have implications for the evaluation and management of migraine in paediatric practice. The self and parent report forms of the PedsQL can be used in a practice setting.

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