Aichi virus infection in children with acute gastroenteritis in Finland

2009 ◽  
Vol 138 (8) ◽  
pp. 1166-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. KAIKKONEN ◽  
S. RÄSÄNEN ◽  
M. RÄMET ◽  
T. VESIKARI
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Aichi Virus ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Efficacy Trial ◽  
Virus Genotypes ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Polymerase Chain

SUMMARYAichi virus has been proposed as a novel causative agent of acute gastroenteritis. In addition to several Asian countries, South America and Africa, Aichi virus has also recently been found in Europe. Our objective was to study the causative role of Aichi virus in children with acute gastroenteritis in Finland. We analysed 595 stool specimens from infants in an efficacy trial of rotavirus vaccine and 468 stool specimens from children in a hospital-based epidemiological and aetiological study of acute gastroenteritis. The screening was done by nested reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction amplifying a 519-bp segment and a 223-bp segment in the 3CD junction region of non-structural proteins. Aichi virus was detected in five stool samples (0·5%), of which four were co-infections with other gastroenteritis viruses. Two Aichi virus genotypes, A and B, were found. Aichi virus appears to be rare in children with acute gastroenteritis in Finland.

scholarly journals Listeria monocytogenes: An emerging food-borne pathogen and its public health implications

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waffa W Reda ◽  
Khaled Abdel-Moein ◽  
Ahmed Hegazi ◽  
Yasmin Mohamed ◽  
Khaled Abdel-Razik
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Luncheon Meat ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Minced Meat

Introduction: Listeria monocytogenes is considered one of the most important food-borne pathogens transmitted to humans via contaminated food. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the importance of L. monocytogenes as a food-borne pathogen. Methodology: A total of 340 samples were collected from different localities in El Giza Governorate, Egypt, to check the occurrence of L. monocytogenes in that area. The collected samples comprised 250 food samples, 40 swabs from food refrigerators, and 50 stool specimens from diarrheic children. L. monocytogenes was isolated from the examined samples according to the International Organization for Standardization. The isolates were tested biochemically using Listeria Microbact 12L and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Results: The isolation rates of L. monocytogenes were 8% in beef burger, 4% in minced meat, 4% in luncheon meat, while sausage samples were all negative. Eight percent of raw milk samples were positive for L. monocytogenes, whereas cheese samples and refrigerator swabs were negative. Only Listeria grayi was isolated from human stools (2.5%). Conclusion: The high isolation rates of L. monocytogenes among the examined food stuffs highlight the crucial role of food as an important vehicle for this pathogen. More efforts should be made to ensure safe handling and processing of these foods to reduce the transmission of L. monocytogenes to humans.

scholarly journals Haemolytic uraemic syndrome and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infection in children in France

2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. DECLUDT ◽  
P. BOUVET ◽  
P. MARIANI-KURKDJIAN ◽  
F. GRIMONT ◽  
P. A. D. GRIMONT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain

We conducted a study to determine the incidence of haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) in children in France and to assess the role of Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection in the aetiology of HUS. In collaboration with the Société de Néphrologie Pédiatrique we undertook a retrospective review of all cases of HUS hospitalized from January 1993 to March 1995 and a 1-year prospective study (April 1995–March 1996) of epidemiological and microbiological features of cases of HUS. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure was used to detect stx, eae, e-hlyA genes directly from case stool samples. Serum samples from cases were examined for antibodies to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of 26 major STEC serogroups. Two hundred and eighty-six cases were reported. The average incidence per year was 0·7/105 children < 15 years and 1·8/105 children < 5 years. During the prospective study, 122/130 cases were examined for evidence of STEC infection using PCR and/or serological assays and 105 (86%) had evidence of STEC infection. Serum antibodies to E. coli O157 LPS were detected in 79 (67%) cases tested. In conclusion, this study showed that STEC infection is an important cause of HUS in children in France, with a high proportion related to the O157 serogroup.

Mixed viral infections causing acute gastroenteritis in children in a waterborne outbreak

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (9) ◽  
pp. 1227-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. RÄSÄNEN ◽  
S. LAPPALAINEN ◽  
S. KAIKKONEN ◽  
M. HÄMÄLÄINEN ◽  
M. SALMINEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Aichi Virus ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Waterborne Outbreak ◽  
Stool Specimens

SUMMARYWe examined stool specimens for viral pathogens from 50 children referred to hospital due to acute gastroenteritis (AGE) resulting from consuming drinking water contaminated with sewage in a Finnish community using PCR methods. Rotavirus was detected in 33 (66%), human calicivirus in 31 (62%), and both in 40% of cases. Of the caliciviruses, 20/31 (65%) were noroviruses and 11 (35%) sapoviruses. Furthermore, Aichi virus was detected in 25 (50%), adenovirus in six (12%) and bocavirus in four (8%) cases.Campylobacter jejuniwas present in 20 (61%) andSalmonellain four (12%) of the 33 stools cultured for bacteria. On a 20-point scale median severity score of AGE in the 28 hospitalized children was 17; the severity was similar regardless of viruses detected. Bloody diarrhoea occurred only whenC. jejuniwas present. To conclude, massive exposure to several AGE viruses caused mixed infections and severe AGE regardless of the aetiological agents.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and genetic diversity of human parechoviruses circulating among children hospitalised with acute gastroenteritis in Pune, Western India: a 5-years study

2017 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. PATIL ◽  
N. N. GANORKAR ◽  
V. GOPALKRISHNA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Western India ◽  
Vp1 Gene ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Predominant Genotype ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Polymerase Chain

SUMMARYHuman parechoviruses (HPeVs) are known to cause various clinical manifestations including acute gastroenteritis. Although HPeV infections and their genotypes have been detected in human patients worldwide, no such reports are available from India to ascertain the association of HPeVs in acute gastroenteritis. The present study was conducted to determine the clinical features and genetic diversity of HPeVs detected in children hospitalised for acute gastroenteritis. Stool specimens (n= 979) collected from children aged ⩽5 years hospitalised for acute gastroenteritis in Pune, western India during January 2006–December 2010 were included. HPeV RNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (5′UTR) followed by genotyping using VP1 gene-based PCR and phylogenetic analysis. HPeV was detected in 13·9% (136/979) of the cases, co-infections with other enteric viruses were found in 43·4%. HPeV was more frequent in children ⩽1 year age with infections reported throughout the year. A total of 102/136 (75%) HPeV strains were genotyped, which comprised 13 different HPeV genotypes. Of these, HPeV1 was the most predominant genotype detected and phylogenetically clustered with the Harris strain which is rarely reported. The study documents circulation of heterogeneous HPeV genotypes. Two variant strains of HPeV4 and ‘RGD absent’ HPeV5 and 6 strains were also detected. This is the first report of HPeV with diversified genotypes identified in acute gastroenteritis patients from India.

scholarly journals Genomic Characterization of Three Melon Necrotic Spot Viruses Detected in Human Stool Specimens

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Marine ◽  
Christina Castro ◽  
Laura Magaña ◽  
Terry Fei Fan Ng ◽  
Kshama Aswath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Viral Metagenomics ◽  
Necrotic Spot ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Genomic Characterization ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Human Stool

ABSTRACT The complete coding sequences of three melon necrotic spot viruses (MNSVs) were obtained from viral metagenomics of stool samples from patients with acute gastroenteritis. These genomes were most similar to Spanish strains sequenced in 2003 and a novel MNSV watermelon strain in 2014.

scholarly journals The Role of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Toxigenic Clostridium tetani Infection: A Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Hao ◽  
Nguyen Ngoc My Huyen ◽  
Nguyen Thi Han Ny ◽  
Vo Thi Nhu Trang ◽  
Nguyen Van Minh Hoang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Clostridium Tetani ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Wound Contamination ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Entry Wound ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Control Study

Tetanus arises from wound contamination with Clostridium tetani, but approximately one fifth of patients have no discernable entry wound. Clostridium tetani is culturable from animal feces, suggesting the gastrointestinal tract could be an endogenous reservoir or direct-entry portal, but human data are lacking. In this study of 101 Vietnamese adults with tetanus and 29 hospitalized control subjects, admission stool samples were cultured for C. tetani. Anti-tetanus toxin antibodies were measured by ELISA. Clostridium tetani toxigenicity was evaluated using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Toxigenic C. tetani was cultured from stool samples in 50 of 100 (50%) tetanus cases and 12 of 28 (42.9%) control subjects (P = 0.50), and stool samples of 44 of 85 (52.4%) tetanus cases with clinically identified wounds compared with 6 of 15 (47.6%) patients without clinically identified wounds (P = 0.28). Nine of 12 (75%) control subjects with toxigenic C. tetani in their stool samples lacked protective antibody concentrations. These findings fail to show evidence of an association between gastrointestinal C. tetani and tetanus infection, but emphasize the importance of increasing vaccination coverage.

Detection of Cytomegalovirus in Atherosclerotic Plaques and Nonatherosclerotic Arteries

Angiology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelia Xenaki ◽  
John Hassoulas ◽  
Stavros Apostolakis ◽  
George Sourvinos ◽  
Demetrios A. Spandidos
Keyword(s):  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Normal Vessel ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Several studies have reported an association between infectious agents and atherosclerosis. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most commonly implicated viral pathogen. However, the role of CMV in atherosclerosis remains obscure. The present study evaluated the presence of CMV DNA in atherosclerotic plaques and normal vessel walls. A total of 40 arterial specimens from coronary plaques and 27 samples from normal vessels were obtained from 26 patients who underwent aortocoronary bypass surgery. The specimens were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of the CMV immediate early genomic region. CMV DNA was detected in 9 out of 26 patients (34.6%). Viral DNA was detected in both nonatherosclerotic tissues and atherosclerotic plaques. No statistically significant differences were observed between normal and diseased vessels. Our findings, in accordance with previous studies, do not support a direct causative role of CMV in the development of atherosclerotic plaques.

scholarly journals Viruses in acute gastroenteritis in children in Pune, India

1989 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bright Singh ◽  
M. A. Sreenivasan ◽  
Khorshed M. Pavri
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARYA 2-year study from January 1981 to December 1982 was undertaken to determine the role of viruses in the causation of diarrhoea in hospitalized children in Pune, Maharashtra State, India. The stool samples of 426 children (213 diarrhoeal and 213 non-diarrhoeal controls) were investigated by electron microscopy and ELISA for the presence of viruses. Six morphologically distinct viruses were visualized: rotavirus, coronavirus-like particles (CVLP), adenovirus, astrovirus, calicivirus and small round virus-like particles (SRV). Rotavirus was detected in 28·6% of the diarrhoea! patients and in 1·4 % of the controls. The frequency of infection with rotavirus was highest in the children aged less than 5 years. The mean age of rotavirus-positive patients was 11 months. Although rotavirus was detected in almost every month, there has a seasonal trend for colder months when CVLP cases were fewest. However, the prevalence of CVLP was greater in the control group (23–0%) rather than in those with diarrhoea (8–9%). In the control group, CVLP were detected more frequently during the summer months. An inverse relationship between CVLP and rotavirus was observed in children. Adenovirus, astrovirus, calicivirus and SRV were detected in a small proportion of children with and without clinical symptoms of gastroenteritis.

scholarly journals Bufavirus, Cosavirus, and Salivirus in Diarrheal Italian Infants

Intervirology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Valentina Daprà ◽  
Ilaria Galliano ◽  
Paola Montanari ◽  
Elena Zaniol ◽  
Cristina Calvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Clinical Role ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Stool Samples

Three newly discovered viruses have been recently described in diarrheal patients: Cosavirus (CosV) and Salivirus (SalV), 2 picornaviruses, and bufavirus (BuV), a parvovirus. The detection rate and the role of these viruses remain to be established in acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in diarrheal Italian infants. From November 2016 to November 2017, stool samples were collected from 160 children &#x3c;5 years old suffering from AGE and attending the Children’s Hospital in Turin, Italy. During the study period, 1 (0.5%) sample was positive for 1 of the 3 investigated viruses: 0 (0%) CosV, 1 (0.5%) SalV, and 0 (0%) BuV, whereas 42 (26.0%) children were infected with rotavirus and 2 (1%) with adenovirus. No mixed infections involving the 3 viruses were found. Although these viruses are suspected to be responsible for AGE in children, our data showed that this association was uncertain. Therefore, further studies with large cohorts of healthy and diarrheal children will be needed to evaluate their clinical role in AGE.

Circulation of Aichi virus genotype B strains in children with acute gastroenteritis in India

2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (11) ◽  
pp. 1687-1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. VERMA ◽  
S. D. CHITAMBAR ◽  
V. GOPALKRISHNA
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Aichi Virus ◽  
Western India ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Junction Region ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Stool Specimens

SUMMARYAcute gastroenteritis (AG) is considered as one of the major health problems affecting humans of all ages. A number of viruses have been recognized as important causes of this disease. Recently, Aichi virus has been shown to play an aetiological role in sporadic infections and outbreaks of AG. A study on surveillance of enteric viruses was conducted during 2004–2008 in three cities in Maharashtra state, western India. A total of 1240 stool specimens from children aged ⩽8 years hospitalized for AG were screened for the presence of Aichi virus by RT–PCR of the 3C–3D junction region followed by sequencing for the identification of genotype. Aichi virus was detected at a prevalence of 1·1% in the <5 years age group and characterized as genotype B. This is the first report on the circulation of Aichi virus genotype B in India.

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