scholarly journals The role of sexual networks in studies of how BV and STIs increase the risk of subsequent reinfection

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (15) ◽  
pp. 2003-2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kenyon ◽  
J. Buyze ◽  
M. Klebanoff ◽  
R. M. Brotman
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Sexual Network ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Network Partner ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Partner Concurrency ◽  
Residual Confounding

AbstractPrior studies have demonstrated that both bacterial vaginosis (BV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are strong independent risk factors for subsequent STI. In observational studies of this biological enhancement (BE) hypothesis, it is important to adjust for the risk of STI exposure so that the independent effect of BE can be assessed. We sought to model if two markers of local sexual network (partner concurrency and cumulative number of STIs) represented residual confounding in the models of risk for subsequent infection in a study that screened 3620 women for STIs every 3 months for a year. Mixed-effects logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios for an incident diagnosis ofChlamydia trachomatis,Neisseria gonorrhoeae,Trichomonas vaginalisand BV following a diagnosis of any of these four at the prior visit, controlling for the cumulative number of STIs and partner concurrency variables. We found that partner concurrency and cumulative number of STIs were each associated with incident infection, and in general, controlling for these variables reduced the strength of the association between prior and incident infections. We conclude that the frequently found association between prior and incident STIs is associated with both BE and sexual network structure.

Trichomonas vaginalisandMycoplasma hominis: new tales of two old friends

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (9) ◽  
pp. 1150-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Dessì ◽  
Valentina Margarita ◽  
Anna Rita Cocco ◽  
Alessandra Marongiu ◽  
Pier Luigi Fiori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Proinflammatory Response ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Dsrna Viruses ◽  
Microbial Symbionts ◽  
Anaerobic Protist ◽  
Protozoan Cell ◽  
Old Friends

AbstractTrichomonas vaginalisis an anaerobic protist, responsible for the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infection in humans. One of the most intriguing aspects ofT. vaginalispathobiology is the complex relationship with intracellular microbial symbionts: a group of dsRNA viruses belonging to family ofTotiviridae(T. vaginalisvirus), and eubacteria belonging to theMycoplasmagenus, in particularMycoplasma hominis. Both microorganisms seem to strongly influence the lifestyle ofT. vaginalis, suggesting a role of the symbiosis in the high variability of clinical presentation and sequelae during trichomoniasis. In the last few years many aspects of this unique symbiotic relationship have been investigated:M. hominisresides and replicates in the protozoan cell, andT. vaginalisis able to pass the bacterial infection to both mycoplasma-free protozoan isolates and human epithelial cells;M. hominissynergistically upregulates the proinflammatory response of human monocytes toT. vaginalis. Furthermore, the influence ofM. hominisoverT. vaginalismetabolism and physiology has been characterized. The identification of a novel species belonging to the class ofMollicutes(CandidatusMycoplasma girerdii) exclusively associated toT. vaginalisopens new perspectives in the research of the complex series of events taking place in the multifaceted world of the vaginal microbiota, both under normal and pathological conditions.

scholarly journals Correlation betweenTrichomonas vaginalisand Concurrency: An Ecological Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris R. Kenyon ◽  
Deven T. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Partner ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
Partner Concurrency ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Sexual Partner Concurrency

Objective. There is a large variation in the prevalence ofTrichomonas vaginalis(TV) between different countries and between racial groups within countries. Sexual partner concurrency may play a role. We investigate the correlation between the prevalence of sexual partner concurrency and TV prevalence.Methods. Spearman’s correlation to assess relationship between TV prevalence in women and point prevalence of concurrency in men in (1) 11 countries with comparable data (concurrency data from WHO Survey and TV prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease estimates) and (2) three racial groups in the United States (Add Health Study).Results. The prevalence of TV and concurrency was positively correlated in the international (rho = 0.84,P=0.001) and USA study (rho = 1.0,P<0.001).Conclusion. Prospective longitudinal studies that include measures of partner behavior are required to definitively establish the role of concurrency in the spread of TV.

Collaborative approach to improve the detection and management of trichomoniasis in a low prevalence district

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Waghorn ◽  
P K Tucker ◽  
Y Chia ◽  
S Spencer ◽  
G A Luzzi
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Collaborative Approach ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Microbiological Confirmation ◽  
Made In

We describe a simple collaborative approach developed by the departments of cytology, microbiology and genitourinary (GU) medicine for the detection, diagnosis and management of microbiologically confirmed Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infection. Over a 2-year period, 54 (0.1%) of 52,440 cervical smears were reported to show TV, but microbiological confirmation was made in only 76% of 34 patients from whom a vaginal swab was subsequently taken. Trichomoniasis should not be diagnosed by cytology alone and clinicians need further education on the role of cytology in diagnosing sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Over the same period, from a total of 96 cases of TV identified in the district, only 12 (13%) were first diagnosed in the department of GU medicine. Forty per cent of the other 84 patients were subsequently seen in the GU clinic for test of cure, contact tracing and screening for other STDs. Collaborations between departments may improve the management of trichomoniasis and other conditions in the community and their development should be encouraged.

scholarly journals Molecular Examination of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection and Risk of Prostate Cancer in the Biopsy of Patients with Different Prostate Lesions

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab Kamarkhani ◽  
Raheleh Rafiei-Sefiddashti ◽  
Leila Haghighi ◽  
Alireza Badirzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Urological Diseases

BACKGROUND፡ Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infectious disease caused by a flagellated protozoa, Trichomonas vaginalis (T.vaginalis) and is often asymptomatic in men. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCA) are the most common urological diseases in the elderly. Scientists have proposed various factors which trigger prostate cancer, including sexually transmitted diseases. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the potential role of T. vaginalis as a risk factor for various prostate lesions such as hyperplasia and prostate cancer.METHODS: A total of 250 paraffin-embedded of different prostate lesion biopsies were analyzed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using the beta-tubulin gene for identifying T. vaginalis.RESULT: All 250 pathologic specimens were negative for this parasite by using PCR technique.CONCLUSION: It seems that T. vaginalis may have not had a causative role for different prostate lesions and it seems proposed PCR technique is an insufficient method to find the parasite in paraffin-embedded tissues. Therefore, other diagnostic techniques to identify the parasite in biopsy samples are suggested.

Prevalence of Trichomonas Vaginalis and its Correlation with Socio-demographic Variables in Pregnant Women in Al-Diwaniya,Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiren Ali Al Hamzawi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Low Education

Estimates of Trichomonas vaginalis prevalence in pregnant women are variable with few studies in Iraq.T. vaginalis is a worldwide prevalent sexually transmitted infection,but fortunately,it is very treatable. Researchers believed that pregnancy is one of the effective factors for T. vaginalis infection in women.A cross-sectional study performed in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at Maternity and Children Teaching Hospital in Al-Diwaniya city on two hundred female pregnant patients between the ages of 16-45 years. These females had no intercourse for 2–3 days,not using drugs (antibiotics,antiprotozoal or steroids) for the last 15 days. Vaginal discharges of any type with or without itching,burning sensation or both were their main complaints. Vaginal swabs were taken from all participating patients for direct wet mount microscopy and culture for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis infection. The study showed that twelve out of two hundred examined pregnant women (6%) presented with T. vaginalis infection. The infection was more in those with mothers’ age (26-35) years,housewives,low education,higher parity,and of rural residents. Other maternal variables were not significantly associated with T. vaginalis infection. The study showed a prevalence of (6%) of T. vaginalis infection in pregnant female attendees. Infection was more in those with mothers ’age (26-35) years,housewives,low educational level,higher parity,and living in rural areas.

The Role of Different Aspects of Impulsivity as Independent Risk Factors for Substance Use Disorders in Patients with ADHD: A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slobodin Ortal ◽  
van de Glind Geurt ◽  
Franck Johan ◽  
Berger Itai ◽  
Yachin Nir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Inequalities and Ethnicity Are Associated with a Positive COVID-19 Test among Cancer Patients in the UK Biobank Cohort

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1514
Author(s):  
Shing Fung Lee ◽  
Maja Nikšić ◽  
Bernard Rachet ◽  
Maria-Jose Sanchez ◽  
Miguel Angel Luque-Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Incident Cancer ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Exposure Variable ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Deprived Areas

We explored the role of socioeconomic inequalities in COVID-19 incidence among cancer patients during the first wave of the pandemic. We conducted a case-control study within the UK Biobank cohort linked to the COVID-19 tests results available from 16 March 2020 until 23 August 2020. The main exposure variable was socioeconomic status, assessed using the Townsend Deprivation Index. Among 18,917 participants with an incident malignancy in the UK Biobank cohort, 89 tested positive for COVID-19. The overall COVID-19 incidence was 4.7 cases per 1000 incident cancer patients (95%CI 3.8–5.8). Compared with the least deprived cancer patients, those living in the most deprived areas had an almost three times higher risk of testing positive (RR 2.6, 95%CI 1.1–5.8). Other independent risk factors were ethnic minority background, obesity, unemployment, smoking, and being diagnosed with a haematological cancer for less than five years. A consistent pattern of socioeconomic inequalities in COVID-19 among incident cancer patients in the UK highlights the need to prioritise the cancer patients living in the most deprived areas in vaccination planning. This socio-demographic profiling of vulnerable cancer patients at increased risk of infection can inform prevention strategies and policy improvements for the coming pandemic waves.

scholarly journals Improved molecular laboratory productivity by consolidation of testing on the new random-access analyzer Alinity m

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Obermeier ◽  
Monia Pacenti ◽  
Robert Ehret ◽  
Francesco Onelia ◽  
Rory Gunson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
International Multicenter Study ◽  
Laboratory Productivity ◽  
Laboratory Workflow

AbstractObjectivesAutomated molecular analyzers have accelerated diagnosis, allowing earlier intervention and better patient follow-up. A recently developed completely automated molecular analyzer, Alinity™ m (Abbott), offers consolidated, continuous, and random-access testing that may improve molecular laboratory workflow.MethodsAn international, multicenter study compared laboratory workflow metrics across various routine analyzers and Alinity m utilizing assays for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), high-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV), and sexually transmitted infection (STI) (Chlamydia trachomatis [CT]/Neisseria gonorrhoeae [NG]/Trichomonas vaginalis [TV]/Mycoplasma genitalium [MG]). Three turnaround times (TATs) were assessed: total TAT (sample arrival to result), sample onboard TAT (sample loading and test starting to result), and processing TAT (sample aspiration to result).ResultsTotal TAT was reduced from days with routine analyzers to hours with Alinity m, independent of requested assays. Sample onboard TATs for standard workflow using routine analyzers ranged from 7 to 32.5 h compared to 2.75–6 h for Alinity m. The mean sample onboard TAT for STAT samples on Alinity m was 2.36 h (±0.19 h). Processing TATs for Alinity m were independent of the combination of assays, with 100% of results reported within 117 min.ConclusionsThe consolidated, continuous, random-access workflow of Alinity m reduces TATs across various assays and is expected to improve both laboratory operational efficiency and patient care.

scholarly journals A Population-Specific Optimized GeneXpert Pooling Algorithm for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae To Reduce Cost of Molecular Sexually Transmitted Infection Screening in Resource-Limited Settings

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Connolly ◽  
William Kilembe ◽  
Mubiana Inambao ◽  
Ana-Maria Visoiu ◽  
Tyronza Sharkey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Syndromic Management ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Low Prevalence

ABSTRACT The sexually transmitted infections (STIs) chlamydia (CT) and gonorrhea (NG) are often asymptomatic in women and undetected by syndromic management, leading to complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy. Molecular testing, such as the GeneXpert CT/NG assay, is highly sensitive, but cost restraints preclude implementation of these technologies in resource-limited settings. Pooled testing is one strategy to reduce the cost per sample, but the extent of savings depends on disease prevalence. The current study describes a pooling strategy based on identification of sociodemographic and laboratory factors associated with CT/NG prevalence in a high-risk cohort of Zambian female sex workers and single mothers conducted from 2016 to 2019. Factors associated with testing positive for CT/NG via logistic regression modeling included city, younger age, lower education, long-acting reversible contraception usage, Trichomonas vaginalis infection, bacterial vaginosis, and incident syphilis infection. Based on these factors, the study population was stratified into high-, intermediate-, and low-prevalence subgroups and tested accordingly—individually, pools of 3, or pools of 4, respectively. The cost per sample was reduced from $18 to as low as $9.43 in the low-prevalence subgroup. The checklist tool and pooling approach described can be used in a variety of treatment algorithms to lower the cost per sample and increase access to molecular STI screening. This is particularly valuable in resource-limited settings to detect and treat asymptomatic CT/NG infections missed by traditional syndromic management.

scholarly journals Selected clinical parameters and changes in cardiac morphology and function assessed by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis without clinically apparent heart disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Tański ◽  
Paweł Gać ◽  
Angelika Chachaj ◽  
Małgorzata Sobieszczańska ◽  
Rafał Poręba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Pericardial Fluid ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Left Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Occurrence Type

Abstract Background The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and the cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) changes in people without clinically overt heart disease. Methods The study group consisted of 74 people (48.81 ± 11.35 years): 29 patients with RA, 23 patients with AS and 22 people from control group. Blood samples were taken to assess laboratory parameters, disease activity was determined using activity scales, and CMR was performed. Results It was shown that the factors independently related to higher left ventricular mass index are AS occurrence, human B27 leukocyte antigen occurrence, higher neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin concentration (NGAL) and higher body mass index (BMI). The lower right ventricular ejection fraction is result of an independent effect of RA, AS and higher NGAL. RA presence, methotrexate use, higher rheumatoid factor titer, higher NGAL, older age and higher BMI should be considered independent risk factors for greater left ventricular myocardium water content. RA occurrence, AS occurrence, type 2 diabetes occurrence and a higher C-reactive protein concentration can be independently associated with a higher probability of non-ischemic left ventricular myocardium injury. Larger pericardial fluid volume is result of an independent effect of higher NGAL, higher anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies titer and higher DAS28 disease activity index. Use of steroids is protective factor against larger volume of pericardial fluid. Conclusions RA and AS in people without clinically apparent heart disease are associated with the occurrence of adverse changes in CMR. Key Points•RA and AS in people without clinically apparent heart disease are associated with the occurrence of adverse changes in CMR..•The independent risk factors for higher LVEF are AS occurrence, human B27 leukocyte antigen occurrence, higher NGAL concentration and higher BMI..•RA presence, methotrexate use, higher RF, higher NGAL, older age and higher BMI are independent risk factors for higher LV T2 ratio..•RA occurrence, AS occurrence, type 2 diabetes occurrence and a higher CRP are independently associated with a higher risk of non-ischemic LV myocardium injury..

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