scholarly journals Amoebiasis among institutionalized psychiatric patients in Taiwan

1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-S. CHENG ◽  
L.-C. WANG
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Microplate Assay ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
The Relationship

Although information on amoebiasis among institutionalized psychiatric patients is available, reports on the relationship between behaviour and this infection are not abundant. From July 1995 to June 1996, stool and blood samples were collected from 565 patients in three psychiatric hospitals of North Taiwan. Stool samples were examined using the direct smear and formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation techniques as well as ProSpecT® Entamoeba histolytica Microplate Assay kit. Blood samples were examined by the Amebiasis Serology Microwell ELISA kit. Among these patients, 14 (2·5%) harboured one or two species of intestinal parasites. There were 6 (1·1%) E. histolytica/E. dispar cyst passers: 5 positive in stool ELISA test and 2 with antibodies against E. histolytica. Among demographic factors, type of psychiatric disorder and disability, only a significant sexual difference in seropositivity of E. histolytica was observed. These findings indicate that the infected patients acquired the infections before they entered the hospitals.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Correlates of Intestinal Parasites among Patients Admitted to Mirembe National Mental Health Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azan A. Nyundo ◽  
David Z. Munisi ◽  
Ainory P. Gesase
Keyword(s):  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infection ◽  
Psychiatric Facility ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stool Samples

Background. Neglected tropical diseases continue to be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. Psychiatric patients are among groups at risk for parasitic infection although control and monitoring programs largely overlook this population. This study aimed at determining prevalence and factors associated with intestinal parasitic infection among patients admitted to a psychiatric facility.Method. The study followed cross-sectional design; all the residing patients that met the inclusion criteria were included in the survey. Stool samples were collected and examined by direct wet preparation and formol-ether concentration. Data were analyzed with STATA version 12.1; Chi-square test was computed to determine the level of significance atpvalue < 0.05.Results.Of all 233 patients who returned the stool samples, 29 (12.45%) screened were positive for an intestinal parasite. There was no significant association between parasite carriage and age, sex, or duration of hospital stay.Conclusion. The study shows that intestinal parasitic infection is common among patients in a psychiatric facility and highlights that parasitic infections that enter through skin penetration may be a more common mode of transmission than the oral route. Furthermore, the study underscores the need for surveillance and intervention programs to control and manage these infections.

An investigation of the prevalence of intestinal parasites in pre-school children in Ghana

Parasitology ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akweley Annan ◽  
D. W. T. Crompton ◽  
D. E. Walters ◽  
S. E. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
The Other ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Common Infections

SUMMARYEvidence for the presence of 11 intestinal parasites in pre-school children from 4 rural villages in Ghana was obtained from an examination of stool samples. Striking differences were detected between the prevalence of some of the 6 common infections in the 4 villages. The prevalance of Ascaris lumbricoides varied from about 76% in one village (Oshiyie, coastal savanna) to apparently 0% in another (Akuma, forest zone). No differences in prevalence for any infection were observed to be sex dependent. Investigation of the relationship between age of the children and prevalance showed that the degree of prevalence of both A. lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura had essentially levelled off by the time the children were 4 years old. There was no evidence to suggest that the prevalence of either Entamoeba sp. or spp. or hookworm was approaching a maximum value, even in the oldest children. These trends applied across the villages regardless of the differences in prevalence values for the infections. On average, the children of Oshiyie were found to harbour twice as many infections as the children of the other villages. The investigation of the prevalence data revealed evidence of associations between pairs of infections, particularly those involving hookworm and T. trichiura.

scholarly journals Aggressive incidents in psychiatric hospitals on heat days

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Eisele ◽  
Erich Flammer ◽  
Tilman Steinert ◽  
Hans Knoblauch
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
The Relationship

This study explores the relationship between temperature and the number of aggressive incidents and coercive interventions in the years 2007–2019 in six psychiatric hospitals in the south of the Germany with a total of 1007 beds. The number of aggressive incidents among 164 435 admissions was significantly higher on ‘heat days’ (≥30°C). Furthermore, there was a dose–response relationship between the number of aggressive incidents and increasing temperature. In contrast, the number of coercive interventions was not related to temperature. Considering the background of global warming, rising temperature could result in more frequent aggressive behaviour during in-patient treatment of psychiatric patients.

scholarly journals Pregnancy-associated glycoprotein concentrations during early gestation in pregnant Awassi sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (09) ◽  
pp. 6564-2021
Author(s):  
MEHMET AKKÖSE ◽  
ELİF MERVE ÇINAR ◽  
MURAT ONUR YAZLIK ◽  
ÇİĞDEM ÇEBİ-ŞEN ◽  
YADİGAR POLAT
Keyword(s):  
Elisa Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
N Value ◽  
Value Set ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Awassi Sheep ◽  
Pregnant Sheep

This study was aimed at determining the serum pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) profile of pregnant Awassi sheep during early gestation. A total of 122 Awassi ewes were used, which were in days 28-56 (28, 30, 32, 36, 42, 49, and 56) of gestation. Blood samples were taken via jugular venepuncture. Out of these animals, 104 ewes that had delivered (singleton lambs, n = 60; twin lambs, n = 44), according to lambing records, were selected for the assessment of serum PAG levels. The serum PAG level was measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (IDEXX Bovine Pregnancy Test). Whereas serum PAG levels (mean ± standard error) on days 28, 30, 32, 36 and 42 of gestation were found to be similar (0.237 ± 0.031, 0.402 ± 0.067, 0.329 ± 0.036, 0.397 ± 0.075, and 0.409 ± 0.060, respectively), the levels measured on days 49 and 56 of gestation were significantly higher (0.712 ± 0.088 and 0.798 ± 0.115, respectively) (p < 0.05). The serum PAG levels of the twin-pregnant ewes on days 28, 30 and 42 of gestation were higher than those of the singlepregnant ewes (twin-pregnant ewes: 0.314, 0.648 and 0.594, respectively; single-pregnant ewes: 0.186, 0.258 and 0.308, respectively; p < 0.05). With a cut-off sample minus negative (S–N) value set at > 0.300, the sensitivity of serum PAG level-based pregnancy diagnosis was 51.95% between days 28 and 42 of gestation and 92.69% between days 49 and 56 of gestation. On the other hand, with a cut-off S–N value set at > 0.100, the sensitivity of the PAG ELISA test was 94.81% between days 28 and 42 of gestation and 100% between days 49 and 56 of gestation. In conclusion, the serum PAG levels of the pregnant Awassi sheep remained similar between days 28 and 42 of gestation, but progressively increased thereafter. The serum PAG levels of the twin-pregnant Awassi ewes were significantly higher than those of the single-pregnant sheep on days 28, 30 and 42 of gestation, but they were not different on days 32, 36, 49 and 56 of gestation.

scholarly journals Prevalencia De Parasitosis Intestinales Y Su Posible Relaciòn Con Estados Anèmicos En Los Niños Que Acuden A Los Centros De Educaciòn Inicial

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (27) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Verónica Mercedes Cando Brito ◽  
Sandra Noemí Escobar Arrieta ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Espinoza Chávez ◽  
Edmundo Rodrigo Caluña Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Hymenolepis Nana ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Stool Samples

The purpose of this current research is to determine the parasites which has the highest prevalence in the children population in regards to anemia problems in boys and girls aged from 3 to 5 years. The study sample was chosen at random. It was represented by 600 boys and girls from the initial education centers of Riobamba-Chambo district located in Ecuador. From these children, it was possible to obtain 600 stool samples and 600 blood samples that were processed through the fresco technique with lugol and saline solution at 0.85% as well as an automated hematic biometry. The result shows that the total population with parasites was 44,7%. Boys represent the highest parasite prevalence with 51,5% related to the girls with 48,5%. The most frequent parasites were: Entamoeba coli (53,18%), Giardia Lambia (18,15%), Histolytic Entamoeba (14,01%), Endolimax nana (5,42%), lodamoeba butschlii (3,50%), Chilomastix mesnili (3,18%), Hymenolepis nana (1,91), and Ascaris lumbricoides (0,65%). It was concluded that there are no significant relationship between the anemic states and the intestinal parasites on boys and girls since the percentage was 4,5%. It was suggested to the principal of the Riobamba - Chambo District of the Ministry of Education to carry out promotion, prevention, and health care campaigns directed towards the authorities and teachers of the Initial Education Centers as well as parents and their children in order to improve the hygiene and food safety habits of students.

scholarly journals HOOKWORM AND THREADWORM INFECTIONS AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH HEMOGLOBIN AND EOSINOPHIL CONCENTRATIONS IN RESIDENTS OF SALVADOR-BAHIA, BRAZIL

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Luciano Neves Santos ◽  
Alina Maria Gonzaga Carlos de Souza ◽  
Neci Matos Soares
Keyword(s):  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Hookworm Infection ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Private Network ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARY Parasitic infections are responsible for substantial mortality and morbidity worldwide. In most healthy individuals, little overt pathology is observed during infection with S. stercoralis. However, the symptoms in advanced cases may include gastrointestinal bleeding. Anemia is most commonly associated with hookworm infection, especially when several hundred worms are present. Our study evaluates the relationship between the hookworm or S. stercoralis infection status and the hemoglobin concentration of individuals examined by a private network of laboratories in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. We examined 374,120 samples from middle-class individuals living in Salvador City from January 2004 to April 2008. The stool samples were analyzed by the Lutz and Baermann-Moraes methods, and the blood samples were analyzed for hemoglobin concentration and eosinophil counting. The prevalence of hookworm and S. stercoralis were 0.27% (1,027) and 0.34% (1,286), respectively. The prevalence of hookworm and S. stercoralis infection was significantly higher in males than in females and increased with age. Eosinophilia was a common laboratorial finding in individuals infected with hookworm and S. stercoralis. The hemoglobin concentration was lower in the hookworm-infected individuals than in non-infected ones, but none of the examined patients were anemic. Lack of anemia could be a consequence of the socioeconomic status of these patients.

scholarly journals The Relationship between ELISA and HI Tests for Determination the Antibodies of Rubbela

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 771-74
Author(s):  
Layla Fouad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
Rubella Vaccine ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

The study includes (44) blood samples were vaccinated with MMR vaccine. The IgM antibodies of Rubbela Virus were measured by HI test, 22 samples were positive and 22 were negative. These samples were tested by Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbant Assay ELISA test to determine the relationship between them. The results showed that ELISA test was more sensitivities than Haemagglutination inhibition HI test in determination of rubella specific antibodies, so it is better than HI test in measuring the immune-status of individuals vaccinated with rubella vaccine and there was a positive relationship between ELISA test and HI test and was detected (r= 0.585).

scholarly journals Microbiota characterization in Blastocystis-colonized and Blastocystis-free school-age children from Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Castañeda ◽  
Marina Muñoz ◽  
Ximena Villamizar ◽  
Paula C. Hernández ◽  
Luis Reinel Vásquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Intestinal Bacterial Community ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Blastocystis is a protist that lives in the intestinal tract of a variety of hosts, including humans. It is still unclear how Blastocystis causes disease, which presents an ongoing challenge for researchers. Despite the controversial findings on the association between Blastocystis and clinical digestive manifestations, there is currently no consensus as to whether this protozoan actually behaves as a pathogen in humans. Furthermore, the relationship between Blastocystis and the intestinal microbiota composition is not yet clear. For that reason, the aim of this study was to identify if colonization by Blastocystis is related to changes in the diversity and relative abundance of bacterial communities, compared with those of Blastocystis-free individuals in a group of Colombian children. Methods We took stool samples from 57 school-aged children attending a daycare institution in Popayán (Southwest Colombia). Whole DNA was extracted and examined by 16S-rRNA amplicon-based sequencing. Blastocystis was detected by real time PCR and other intestinal parasites were detected by microscopy. We evaluated if Blastocystis was associated with host variables and the diversity and abundance of microbial communities. Results The composition of the intestinal bacterial community was not significantly different between Blastocystis-free and Blastocystis-colonized children. Despite this, we observed a higher microbial richness in the intestines of children colonized by Blastocystis, which could, therefore, be considered a benefit to intestinal health. The phylum Firmicutes was the predominant taxonomic unit in both groups analyzed. In Blastocystis-free individuals, there was a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes; similarly, in children colonized by Blastocystis, there was a higher relative abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria; however, no statistically significant differences were found between the comparison groups. Conclusions The presence of Blastocystis showed a decrease in Bacteroides, and an increase in the relative abundance of the genus Faecalibacterium. It was also evident that the presence of Blastocystis was unrelated to dysbiosis at the intestinal level; on the contrary, its presence did not show statistically differences in the intestinal microbiota composition. Nevertheless, we believe that Blastocystis plays a role in the ecology of the intestinal microbiota through its interaction with other microbial components.

scholarly journals Investigation of Neospora caninum Seroprevalence and Associa-tion with Reproductive Problems in Cows in Burdur Province of Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onur Köse ◽  
Ramazan Adanır ◽  
Mesih Kocamüftüoğlu ◽  
Yunus Çetin
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Competitive Elisa ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bovine Abortion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sera Samples

Background: An apicomplexan protozoon Neospora caninum, causative agent of neosporosis, is recognized as one of the most common and important cause of sporadic and endemic bovine abortion and reduced reproductivity in dairy and beef cattle worldwide. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between N. caninum seroprevalence and infertility problems in 400 cows in Burdur city, Turkey. Methods: Blood samples were collected from vena jugularis into sterile serum tubes from 49 aborted, 58 infertil, 48 pregnant and 245 healthy cows for the findings of reproductive anamnesis during a period of March 2010 to March 2011. Sera samples were analyzed by competitive ELISA kit. Results: The seroprevalences were 7.7%, 6.4% and 4.2% in 2-4, ≤2 and ≥4 age groups respectively and no statistically significance observed between age groups. Seropositivity rates were 5.7%, 5.1%, 4.5%, 3.6% in Holstein, Montofon, cross-breeds and Simental breeds respectively. Seroprevalence differences was not statistically significant among cattle breeds. Antibodies to N. caninum were found in rates of 16.3%, 6.9%, 6.3%, 2.4% in aborted, infertile, pregnant and healthy cows respectively and there was a significant difference (P<0.01) between aborted and healthy animals. Seroprevalences were Yeşilova 10%, Gölhisar and Ağlasun 8%, Bucak, Çavdır and Kemer 4%, Karamanlı and Burdur Centrum 2%, according to districts. Conclusion: The seroprevalence of N. caninum was revealed in Burdur region. It was emphasized that N. caninum infection should not be ignored in reproductive problems, especially in abortion cases.

Prevalence of Cryptosporidiosis Detected by Enzyme Immunoassay Coproantigen among People Living with HIV/AIDS Attending Selected Hospitals in Maiduguri, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Askira M. Umoru ◽  
A. B. Samaila ◽  
S. M. Panda ◽  
M. Y. Iliyasu ◽  
U. M. Kadaura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Cryptosporidium Species ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Stool Samples

Background: Cryptosporidium species are intestinal parasites that infect both humans and animals; it causes cryptosporidiosis which usually resulted to diarrhea especially among those with impaired immunity. It was observed that enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) be ascertain was never been used as one of the techniques in the detection of Cryptosporidium parvum antigen in Maiduguri, Borno state. Materials and Methods: Four hundred stool and blood samples were collected in four selected hospitals in the study area. Stool samples were analyzed by Enzyme link immunosorbent assay to detect fecal Cryptosporidium antigen, while the blood samples were analyzed with Partec sysmex ® flow cytometric machine for CD4 T-lymphocyte counts. Results: Demographically, female are 275 while male 125 in number. The result of the stool samples have shown that, of the four hundred samples, seventy nine (79) patients  were positive for Cryptosporidium  species with an infection rate of 19.8%. According to gender, females have the highest infection rate of 14.25% while males 5.5%.based on age, patients between the ages of 20-39 have the highest prevalence of 9.5% followed by 40-59 with 7.5% and lastly 0-19 and >60 old are1.25 and 1.5% respectively. Traders (businessmen and women) demonstrated the highest infection rate of 8.0% followed by housewives 6.25%, civil servants 4.25% and lastly student and farmer with 1.0 and 0.25% respectively. In terms of CD4-T-lymphocyte count, those with CD4 <200cells/µl has an occurrence rate of 8.25% followed by 201-499 with 7.0% and >500 with 4.5%. on the bases of clinical details, the results have shown that patients with diarrhea has a prevalence of 13.0% while those without diarrhea has 6.75%, however, according to the hospitals the patients attended, the result has that, USUMH has 7.0%.Followed by UMTH 6.5%, SSHM 3.75%, and MSMH 2.5% respectively. Conclusion: It was concluded that those with cd4 count bellow 200 are at risk of contacting the parasites and hence is one of the causes of diarrhea among HIV patients. It is recommended that proper hygiene practice should be encouraged.

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