Lack of evidence for increased risk of hepatitis A infection in 
homosexual men

In 1997, prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection were evaluated in 146 homosexual and 286 heterosexual men attending a Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) Clinic in Rome, Italy. Total HAV antibody (anti-HAV) was detected in 60·3% of homosexuals and 62·2% of heterosexuals. After adjustment for the confounding effects of age, years of schooling, number of sexual partners, use of condoms, and history of STD, homosexuals were not found to be at increased risk of previous HAV exposure than heterosexuals (OR 1·1; 95% CI 0·7–1·9). Independent predictors of the likelihood of anti-HAV seropositivity among homosexuals and heterosexuals were: age older than 35 years and positive syphilis serology which is likely a proxy of lifestyles that increase the risk of faecal–oral infections.These findings do not support a higher risk in homosexual men but could suggest a role for the vaccination of susceptible patients attending STD clinics.

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A case of hepatitis a vaccination failure in an HIV-positive man who had sex with men in Israel

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1258/ijsa.2010.010269 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 23 (7) ◽

pp. 529-530 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Z Mor ◽

Y Lurie ◽

E Katchman

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis A ◽

Hepatitis A Virus ◽

Transmitted Disease ◽

Cd4 Count ◽

Response Alternative ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Vaccine Failure ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Sex With Men ◽

Susceptible Populations

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccination is recommended for men who have sex with men (MSM) and other susceptible populations, who are at increased risk for HAV infection, such as HIV-positive persons. Vaccines failures are uncommon, and in HIV-positive individuals whose CD4 count is ≥500 cells/mm2, seroconversion is achieved in 73–94% of vaccinees following the second dose. Data were retrieved from the patient's file at the sexually transmitted disease clinic and the AIDS clinic describing this rare case of vaccine failure. A 35-year-old, HIV-positive MSM was vaccinated against HAV on 2007, while his CD4 count was 551 cells/mm2. Two years later, he was hospitalized due to acute HAV. The patient's serum drawn two months prior to the onset of acute HAV was retrospectively tested and showed no response to the vaccine. The source of the HAV infection was not identified. The patient's partner who was HIV-negative and had been vaccinated simultaneously with the same batch developed protective antibodies. In conclusion, HIV-positive patients and their providers should be informed about HAV vaccine failure, and post-immunization serologies to hepatitis should be considered to evaluate immunization response. Alternative approaches to develop immunity are needed for non-responders.

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Are homosexual males a risk group for hepatitis A infection in intermediate endemicity areas?

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268800001242 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 117 (1) ◽

pp. 145-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

J. Ballesteros ◽

R. Dal-Ré ◽

A. González ◽

J. Del Romero

Keyword(s):

Sexual Orientation ◽

Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Hepatitis A ◽

Risk Group ◽

Heterosexual Men ◽

Homosexual Men ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Intermediate Endemicity

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of antibody against hepatitis A (anti-HAV) in a population of homosexual men compared with that of heterosexual men in an area of intermediate HAV endemicity (Madrid, Spain). A total of 148 patients were recruited in a Sexually Transmitted Diseases Clinic: 74 homosexuals (mean age of 28±5 years) and 74 heterosexuals (29±5 years). The prevalence of anti-HAV antibody was 47% and 43% for homo-and heterosexuals, respectively. Among the factors evaluated (age, sexual orientation and practices, travel to high HAV endemicity areas) oral-anal contact was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of anti-HAV antibody (odds ratio, 2·8; 95% confidence interval, 1·1–7·4;P= 0·03). These results indicated that in an area of intermediate endemicity young homosexual men are not at increased risk of having acquired hepatitis A infection than heterosexuals. Oral–anal contact is an independent risk factor that influences the presence of anti-HAV antibody, regardless of sexual orientation.

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Risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection and genital ulcer disease among persons attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic in Italy

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268898001642 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 121 (3) ◽

pp. 623-630

Author(s):

R. CORONA ◽

F. CAPRILLI ◽

M. E. TOSTI ◽

G. GENTILI ◽

A. GIGLIO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Genital Herpes ◽

Sexually Transmitted Disease ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Transmitted Disease ◽

Ulcer Disease ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Syphilis Serology

To assess the relative importance of ulcerative and non-ulcerative sexually transmitted disease in the transmission of HIV, a seroprevalence study was conducted on 2210 patients at the sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic of the S. Maria e S. Gallicano Hospital in Rome, between 1989 and 1994. Among male patients, by univariate analysis, strong predictors of HIV infection were homosexuality, sexual exposure to a HIV-positive partner, hepatitis B virus infection, and positive syphilis serology. An increased risk was estimated for patients with past genital herpes (odds ratio (OR) 3·86, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0·40–18·2), and primary syphilis (OR 5·79, 95% CI 0·59–28·6). By multivariate analysis, a positive association was found with homosexuality (OR 6·9, 95% CI 2·9–16·5), and positive syphilis serology (OR 3·5, 95% CI 1·3–9·2). An adjusted OR of 2·41 was calculated for current and/or past genital herpes. These results, although not conclusive, suggest a role of ulcerative diseases as risk factors for prevalent HIV infection, and indicate that positive syphilis serology is an unbiased criterion for identifying individuals at increased risk of HIV infection.

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Assessing Prior History of Sexually Transmitted Disease

JAMA ◽

10.1001/jama.1992.03480120048020 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 267 (12) ◽

pp. 1610 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Margaret T. McHugh

Keyword(s):

Sexually Transmitted Disease ◽

Transmitted Disease ◽

Prior History ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

History Of

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INTERMEDIATE ENDEMICITY OF HEPATITIS A VIRUS INFECTION IN RURAL SETTLEMENT PROJECTS OF SOUTHWEST GOIÁS, BRAZIL

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia ◽

10.1590/s0004-28032015000300009 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 200-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Raquel Silva PINHEIRO ◽

Lyriane Apolinário de ARAÚJO ◽

Karlla Antonieta Amorim CAETANO ◽

Marcos André de MATOS ◽

Megmar Aparecida dos Santos CARNEIRO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Hepatitis A ◽

Hepatitis A Virus ◽

Rural Settlement ◽

Rural Settlements ◽

Factors Associated ◽

History Of ◽

Midwest Region ◽

Risk Of Exposure ◽

Intermediate Endemicity

BackgroundRural populations present an elevated risk of exposure to hepatitis A virus.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors associated with hepatitis A virus infection among residents of rural settlement projects of southwest Goiás, Central Brazil.MethodsA total of 466 residents were interviewed and tested for the detection of anti- hepatitis A virus antibodies by ELISA.ResultsThe global prevalence of anti- hepatitis A virus was 82.2%. In individuals aged 5-9 years and 10-19 years, the prevalence was 15% and 58.8%, respectively. Persons in the 10-19 age group, with a history of life in encampments, with more than five people per residence consuming well water, were predictors for exposure to hepatitis A virus.ConclusionOur results suggest that the hepatitis A virus endemicity in rural settlements in southwest Goiás similar to that found in the urban population of the Midwest Region, confirming the implementation of universal hepatitis A vaccination in children.

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Beberapa Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian HIV/AIDS pada Wanita (Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Kendal)

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas ◽

10.14710/jekk.v2i1.3968 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 18

Author(s):

Siti Musyarofah ◽

Suharyo Hadisaputro ◽

Budi Laksono ◽

Muchlis Achsan Udji Sofro ◽

Lintang Dian Saraswati

Keyword(s):

Blood Donors ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Host Factors ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Consecutive Sampling ◽

The Status ◽

Number Of Sexual Partners ◽

History Of ◽

Hiv Aids

Background: HIV/AIDS are major problem that threatens Indonesia and many countries around the world. In 2011 there were 17.3 million adults living with AIDS were women. The purpose of studies proved that host and environmental factors were associated the occurence of HIV/AIDS in women. Method: The research using case-control study, was supported by indepth interview. The target population were women in Kendal with a sample of 76 women consisted of 38 women with HIV/AIDS and 38 women negative HIV. Samples case with consecutive sampling technique, control with cluster sampling. Bivariate analysis using chi-square test and multivariate analysis used logistic regression. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that host factors signiﬁcantly associated with the occurence of HIV/AIDS in women were the number of sexual partners more than 1 (p = 0,003), level of education was low ≤ 9 years (p = 0,049) and the ﬁrst married age < 20 years (p = 0,03); environment factors signiﬁcantly associated was history of HIV/AIDS on her husband (p=0,001). Host factors were not signiﬁcantly associated with the occurence of HIV/AIDS in women were history of receiving blood donors, history of sexually transmitted diseases, the status of drug users, the habit of drinking alcohol, violence, type of job, and socioeconomic. Conclusion: Host factors signiﬁcantly associated with the occurence of HIV/AIDS in women were the number of sexual partners more than 1, level of education was low ≤ 9 years, and the ﬁrst married age <20 years; environment factors signiﬁcantly associated was history of HIV/AIDS on her husband. Background:HIV/AIDSaremajorproblemthatthreatensIndonesiaandmanycountriesaround theworld.In2011therewere17.3millionadultslivingwithAIDSwerewomen.Thepurposeof studiesprovedthathostandenvironmentalfactorswereassociatedtheoccurenceofHIV/AIDS inwomen.Method:Theresearchusingcase-controlstudy,wassupportedbyindepthinterview.Thetarget population were women in Kendal with a sample of 76 women consisted of 38 women with HIV/AIDSand 38 women negative HIV. Samples case with consecutive sampling technique, controlwithclustersampling.Bivariateanalysisusingchi-squaretestandmultivariateanalysis usedlogisticregression.Results: Multivariateanalysisshowedthathostfactorssigniﬁcantlyassociatedwiththe occurenceofHIV/AIDSinwomenwerethenumberofsexualpartnersmorethan1(p=0,003), levelofeducationwaslow≤9years(p=0,049)andtheﬁrstmarriedage<20years(p=0,03); environmentfactorssigniﬁcantlyassociatedwashistoryofHIV/AIDSonherhusband(p=0,001).HostfactorswerenotsigniﬁcantlyassociatedwiththeoccurenceofHIV/AIDSinwomen were history of receiving blood donors, history of sexually transmitted diseases, the status of drugusers,thehabitofdrinkingalcohol,violence,typeofjob,andsocioeconomic.Conclusion: Host factors signiﬁcantly associated with the occurence of HIV/AIDS in women werethenumberofsexualpartnersmorethan1,levelofeducationwaslow≤9years,andtheﬁrst marriedage<20years;environmentfactorssigniﬁcantlyassociatedwashistoryofHIV/AIDSon herhusband.

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945. Prevalence of HIV Associated Non-AIDS Conditions and Associated Risk Factors among Hospitalized HIV-infected Patients in India

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1131 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S504-S505

Author(s):

Amyeo A Jereen ◽

Celia Kucera ◽

Saniya Pervin ◽

Muralidhar Varma ◽

Radhakrishnan Rajesh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Transmitted Disease ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Patient Risk ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

History Of ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background HIV-associated non-AIDS (HANA) conditions are becoming common as People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLWHIV) age. However, data estimating the prevalence of HANA conditions and associated risk factors is lacking in developing countries. This study evaluates reasons for hospitalizations among PLWHIV in Udupi, India in the antiretroviral era, and describes associated risk factors. Methods Demographic and clinical data were extracted from medical charts of 1280 HIV-infected patients 18 years and older who were admitted to Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, India between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2017, for a total of 2157 hospitalizations. Primary reasons for hospitalization were categorized into AIDS-defining vs Non-AIDS-defining and HANA vs Non-HANA conditions (Fig 1). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate demographic and clinical factors associated with hospitalizations due to AIDS-defining illness and HANA conditions. Categorization of Reasons for Hospitalization Results Patients’ median age was 45 (18-80) years; 70% male. Median age of patients with AIDS-defining illness (45% of hospitalizations) was lower at 44 (18-75) years compared with HANA (15% of hospitalizations) at 48 (21-80) years. Age (OR, 95% CI) (0.985, 0.974-0.995), admission CD4 (0.998, 0.997 - 0.998), history of hypertension (HTN) (0.59, 0.42-0.82), stroke (0.49, 0.24 - 0.93), diabetes (1.56, 1.10 - 2.19), and AIDS-defining cancers (1.74, 1.05 - 2.89) were associated with AIDS-defining hospitalizations (Fig 2). Additionally, age (1.016, 1.001 - 1.031), history of HTN (1.70, 1.16 - 2.46), coronary artery disease (CAD) (4.02, 1.87- 9.02), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (2.30, 1.15 - 4.61), stroke (2.93, 1.46 - 5.96), Hepatitis B (3.32, 1.66- 6.72), Hepatitis C (16.1, 2.84 - 314), sexually transmitted disease (STD) (3.76, 1.38- 10.8), and HANA-associated cancer (2.44, 1.28- 6.42) were associated with HANA hospitalizations (Fig 3). Patient Risk Factors for AIDS-related Hospitalization Patient Risk Factors for HANA-related Hospitalization Conclusion Prevalence of HANA conditions was lower than AIDS-defining illnesses possibly because of a younger population. Patients with AIDS-defining illnesses were also likely to have HANA conditions. Early detection and effective treatment of both HIV and HANA conditions is essential to decrease hospitalizations in low-resource settings. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Clinical and virological features of acute hepatitis A during an ongoing outbreak among men who have sex with men in the North of France

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

10.1136/sextrans-2017-053395 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 95 (1) ◽

pp. 75-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Anne Boucher ◽

Agnes Meybeck ◽

Kazali Alidjinou ◽

Thomas Huleux ◽

Nathalie Viget ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Hepatitis ◽

Hepatitis A ◽

Hepatitis A Virus ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

High Rate ◽

Missed Opportunities ◽

The North ◽

Acute Hepatitis A ◽

History Of ◽

Sex With Men

ObjectivesSince February 2017, an increase of acute hepatitis A (AHA) cases has been notified in North of France. We aimed to report clinical and virological features of 49 cases treated in three hospitals in Lille European Metropolis (LEM).MethodsAll adult patients treated for AHA in 3 LEM hospitals between 20 February and 5 July 2017 were included. Demographic characteristics, exposure risk factors to hepatitis A virus (HAV), AHA manifestations and concomitant sexually transmitted infections (STI) were retrospectively recorded.ResultsForty-nine cases of AHA were diagnosed among which 34 (69%) were hospitalised. Severe AHA occurred in 7 (14%) patients. The median age of cases was 36 years. All cases except 1 were men and 32 (65%) were identified as men having sex with men (MSM). Eleven (23%) patients were HIV-infected, 5 were under HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), 6 had a history of HIV postexposure prophylaxis and 19 had a history of at least one STI. Only three patients had received HAV vaccine. Proportion of patients tested for syphilis, chlamydial and gonococcal infections was 75% (18/24) in those seen by sexual health specialists and 21% (6/29) in those seen by other specialists. At least one concomitant STI was diagnosed in 13 out of 24 tested patients (54%). RT-PCR sequencing was available for 38 cases and confirmed co-circulation of 3 different strains of subgenotype IA (VRD 521 2016: n=24, RIVM-HAV16-090: n=13, V16-25801: n=1), already identified in several European countries.ConclusionsWe are facing an outbreak of AHA among MSM in the North of France with a high rate of hospitalisation. Analysis of cases highlighted missed opportunities of vaccination and lack of concomitant STI screening. Awareness among healthcare providers and MSM should be increased and HAV vaccination promoted.

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