scholarly journals Does Abortion Harm the Fetus?

Utilitas ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Karl Ekendahl ◽  
Jens Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Central Claim

Abstract A central claim in abortion ethics is what might be called the Harm Claim – the claim that abortion harms the fetus. In this article, we put forward a simple and straightforward reason to reject the Harm Claim. Rather than invoking controversial assumptions about personal identity, or some nonstandard account of harm, as many other critics of the Harm Claim have done, we suggest that the aborted fetus cannot be harmed for the simple reason that it does not occupy any well-being level.

Send in the robots

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom P. Abeles
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Regional Basis ◽  
And Robotics

Purpose This paper aims to explore how the introduction of robots and artificial intelligence raises questions regarding the role of “work” not just in meeting societal material needs but challenges the idea of work as an underlying paradigm of human society, particularly as personal identity. Design/methodology/approach This paper takes the form of an editorial opinion piece. Findings “Work” is a defining characteristic of an individual. The entrance of robots and artificial intelligence could be a greater challenge to an individual’s sense of well-being and identity than only for filling traditional functions and basic needs of society. Social Implications The question is raised as to the psychological and social implications of the “immigration” of a new “culture” in the form of artificial intelligence and robotics beyond a local or regional basis. Originality/value The increasing presence of robots and artificial intelligence not only offers alternative ways for society to function but also sharpens the challenges that one culture faces when confronted by other communities who are able to fill traditional positions beyond the traditional one of “work”.

scholarly journals Umanizzazione delle cure: curare con l'arte

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
Francesco Burrai ◽  
Giovanni Salis
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Real World ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
The Real

Art can be a way, together with Nature, to intercept that landscape and inner climate characterized by the rhythm of silence. That dimension of iridescent calm imbued with creative and vital energy, which pushes towards a universal, seductive, profound sphere. Man can, with courage, abandon himself in this harmony and melody of thoughts that suggest a vast and visionary possibility. Each person has the inner possibility to be Art, to get out of the continuous distortions of daily life, to produce a metamorphosis of one’s life. Art triggers the unconscious side of seeing, a rhythmic, dynamic principle, on which every gesture of maximum spontaneity depends, not touched by the artificial, by masks of fugacity and by false personalities. Without Art, it seems that part of real life is missing. The deep artistic power is fluid, without space or time, pulsating with new forms and substance and creating a new personal identity, contiguous to the real world, which inspires new desires. Many diseases of today and yesterday are produced by the lack of expressiveness or by the repression of personal creativity. Art produces well-being because it is the transformation of unconscious expressive energies, so life for our health.

Principles and Persons

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Derek Parfit ◽  
Reasons For Action ◽  
Moral Philosopher ◽  
Causal Overdetermination ◽  
First Time

This book is a collection of essays, most of which appear here for the first time, that were written in honour of the legendary moral philosopher, Derek Parfit. The essays are mainly concerned with issues that Parfit addressed in his book, Reasons and Persons. They include the relevance of personal identity to ethics, the rationality of different attitudes to time, the nature of well-being, the varieties of consequentialism, reasons for action, aggregation in ethics, causal overdetermination, egalitarianism, prioritarianism, and supererogation.

Morality and the Distinction between Oneself and Others

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-66
Author(s):  
Ingmar Persson
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Practical Reason ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Derek Parfit ◽  
Moral Reasons ◽  
The Future ◽  
What Matters

In On What Matters Derek Parfit adopts Henry Sidgwick’s idea of a duality of practical reason consisting in there being personal reasons to care about our own well-being as well as moral reasons to care about everyone else’s well-being. But this sits ill with his well-known claim in Reasons and Persons that personal identity is not what matters. For this implies that were we to divide into two individuals, we would have the same reasons to care about these individuals as ourselves, though they are distinct from us. It is suggested that this is because we empathize with them in the same way as with ourselves in the future, ‘from the inside’, and that considerations of justice do not apply to them because their wills are too dependent on our wills.

Vocational rehabilitation

2019 ◽  
pp. 279-288
Author(s):  
Manoj Sivan ◽  
Margaret Phillips ◽  
Ian Baguley ◽  
Melissa Nott
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Vocational Rehabilitation ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Critical Component ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Health And Well Being

Work is important for the health and well-being of individuals, regardless of whether it is paid or unpaid employment. Employment is known to be a critical component of personal identity and personal growth, disability adjustment, social integration, and life satisfaction, in addition to economic self-sufficiency. In its broadest sense, work is ‘an activity involving mental or physical effort in order to achieve a result’. People with disabilities experience a significantly higher than average level of unemployment. This chapter defines and describes vocational rehabilitation techniques to reintegrate the patient into the community and workforce, interventions and assessment, and suitable workplace accommodations.

An Escape from the Malthus Rectangle? Poverty, and Conversion Efficiency (Distinguishedl Lecture)

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (4I) ◽  
pp. 433-461
Author(s):  
Michael Lipton
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Real Income ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Marginal Returns ◽  
Central Claim

Malthus (1798, 1803, 1824) wrote during the world's first period of sustained and widespread growth in real income per person: the "Northern" agro-industrial revolution of 1740-1970. When he wrote, it was widely believed that not only growth, but also poverty reduction, depended substantially on what he called "schemes of improvement". Malthus's central claim is that these could not reduce poverty in the long run, unless fertility declined. This, he believed, was because any short-run success of "schemes of improvement" in reducing poverty would increase the rate of population growth among the poor. This would raise the supply of labour and the demand for food. Owing to diminishing marginal returns to extra hectares-plus-persons as new, inferior land was brought into cultivation, "the proportion between the price of labour and the price of provisions" would then fall, thus returning the poor to poverty. Unless fertility fell, the long-term well-being of the poor could not improve much. Being largely dependent on the real wage, it was boxed in by the Malthus rectangle (Figure 1) of population, labour supply, land, and food, and the interactions among them.

Goal-Directedness and Personal Identity as Correlates of Life Outcomes

2002 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry M. Goldman ◽  
Edwin A. Locke ◽  
Suzanne S. Masterson ◽  
Markus Groth ◽  
David G. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
Goal Directedness ◽  
Human Characteristic

Although much research has been conducted on goal setting, researchers have not examined goal-directedness or propensity to set goals as a stable human characteristic in adults. In this study, a survey was developed and distributed to 104 adult participants to assess their goal-directedness, personal identity, and various life outcomes. A theoretical model was developed and tested using structural equation modeling that proposed that both goal-directedness and personal identity should positively influence important life outcomes. Analysis showed that goal-directedness and personal identity are positively related to personal well-being, salary, and marital satisfaction. Further, personal identity was positively related to job satisfaction but, contrary to related research, goal-directedness did not predict job satisfaction.

scholarly journals Identifiability as an “Antidote”: Exploring Emotional Contagion and the Role of Anonymity in Twitter Discussions on Misinformation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Chen ◽  
Hao Yuan ◽  
Mike Yao
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
Online Discussion ◽  
Emotional Contagion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Online Discussions ◽  
Contagion Effect ◽  
Discussion Threads

Misinformation carries both distorted facts and sophisticated emotional signals. Comparing to facts that could be labeled as true or false, we are more concerned about contaminative negative emotions transferring digital-ly among users. In this study, we explored an emotional contagion effect among misinformation discussion participants on Twitter. We analyzed the sentiment of 573 tweets in 192 discussion threads. Our result revealed that highly emotional tweets do not have a universal effect on the online discussions, but it affects those individuals with limited social and personal identity cues (i.e., being anonymous). We found that anonymous members of the online discussion are more susceptible to emotional contagions than those are not. We also suggest coping strategies that protect social media users’ emotional well-being during the era COVID-19.

scholarly journals Challenges and Negotiations of a Young, Female, and Unmarried Researcher: Reflections on Fieldwork in South Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 160940691986038
Author(s):  
YoonKyung Kwak
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Participant Recruitment ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Personal Reflections

This article presents my personal reflections on the process of conducting fieldwork as part of my PhD research into participant recruitment in South Korea. I discuss the challenges and negotiations I faced during my PhD fieldwork. The aim is to examine the following three issues: (1) obstacles faced in gaining entry to the fieldwork sample when conducting research in my own country, (2) the influence of my personal identity (i.e., my gender, race, class, religion, nationality, and age) on my fieldwork experiences, and (3) the research process itself and the strategies I used to overcome my vulnerability and marginality. I conclude by raising several ethical considerations and dilemmas, followed by a discussion of the significant implications of the study topic in terms of researcher safety and well-being when undertaking fieldwork and how this can be ameliorated.

scholarly journals Information Space of a Transitive Society: Challenges and Prospects

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
T.D. Martsinkovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Information Space ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Relationship

In the paper, we show the specificity of identity in the situation of transitivity, reveal the connection between different aspects of the transitive and information space, and distinguish between two the types of transitivity — rigid and fluid, that are associated with different ways of working with information — on-line and off-line. Theoretical and empirical data is analyzed to prove the changes in cognitive development and an increase in the operational side of informational socialization, which affects the transformation of personal identity and the relationship between generations. The materials of theoretical and empirical studies revealing the importance of the information style of identity for socialization in the modern world are presented. The empirical study of young people (N=140, age 18—21) yields the connection of rigid and fluid transitivity and on-line and off-line communication with styles of information identity and emotional well-being. The influence of transitivity on the on-line and off-line options of working with information is revealed, the key factor in determining psychological well-being in both hard and soft transitivity situations proves to be the style of information identity. The problems of modern digital informational socialization and the prospects for its further research are determined.

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