Accumulation of dehydrin transcripts and proteins in response to abiotic stresses in Deschampsia antarctica

Deschampsia antarctica Desv. is one of two vascular plants from the Maritime Antarctic. It is usually exposed to cold, salt, and desiccating winds. We hypothesize that D. antarctica has genes that encode dehydrin proteins and their expression is regulated by low temperature, salt or osmotic stress. To test this hypothesis a fragment of a dehydrin gene from D. antarctica was identified and used as a probe to study dehydrin expression under low temperature, salt, and osmotic stress, and exogenous ABA (abscisic acid) treatments. An anti-dehydrin antibody was also used to study dehydrin protein accumulation under the same treatments. Southern analysis of genomic DNA treated with different endonucleases showed more than four bands recognized by the probe, suggesting that D. antarctica has several dehydrin genes. Northern analysis showed two putative dehydrin transcripts of 1.0 kb accumulated only under exogenous ABA and 1.6 kb under osmotic and salt treatments, suggesting that D. antarctica would have ABA-dependent and - independent pathways for regulation of dehydrin expression. Western analysis showed seven dehydrin proteins (58, 57, 55, 53, 48, 30 and 27 kDa) under the different stress treatments. Cold-accumulated dehydrin proteins were immunolocalized, showing that they are associated with vascular and epidermal tissue, which are preferential ice nucleation zones.

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Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analyses of the Chitinases under Cold and Osmotic stress in Ammopiptanthus nanus

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes10060472 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 472 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Cao ◽

Wang ◽

Li ◽

Shi ◽

Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress ◽

Stress Response ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Osmotic Stress ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Glycosyl Hydrolase ◽

Class Iii ◽

Abiotic Stress Response ◽

Ammopiptanthus Nanus ◽

Genome Wide

Chitinase is a kind of hydrolase with chitin as a substrate and is proposed to play an essential role in plant defense system by functioning against fungal pathogens through degrading chitin. Recent studies indicated chitinase is also involved in abiotic stress response in plants, helping plants to survive in stressful environments. A. nanus, a rare evergreen broad-leaved shrub distrusted in deserts in Central Asia, exhibits a high level of tolerance to drought and low temperature stresses. To identify the chitinase gene involved in drought and low temperature responses in A. nanus, we performed genome-wide identification, classification, sequence alignment, and spatio-temporal gene expression analysis of the chitinases in A. nanus under osmotic and low temperature stress. A total of 32 chitinase genes belonging to glycosyl hydrolase 18 (GH18) and GH19 families were identified from A. nanus. Class III chitinases appear to be amplified quantitatively in A. nanus, and their genes carry less introns, indicating their involvement in stress response in A. nanus. The expression level of the majority of chitinases varied in leaves, stems, and roots, and regulated under environmental stress. Some chitinases, such as EVM0022783, EVM0020238, and EVM0003645, are strongly induced by low temperature and osmotic stress, and the MYC/ICE1 (inducer of CBF expression 1) binding sites in promoter regions may mediate the induction of these chitinases under stress. These chitinases might play key roles in the tolerance to these abiotic stress in A. nanus and have potential for biotechnological applications. This study provided important data for understanding the biological functions of chitinases in A. nanus.

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Debittering of a Tryptic Hydrolysate of Casein by Incubating with the Ice Nucleation-active Bacterium,Erwinia ananas, and Its Aminopeptidase at Low Temperature

Agricultural and Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1080/00021369.1990.10870485 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 54 (12) ◽

pp. 3351-3353 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michiko Watanabe ◽

Jiro Shimizu ◽

Soichi Arai

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Ice Nucleation ◽

Erwinia Ananas ◽

Tryptic Hydrolysate ◽

Active Bacterium

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Seed germination and seedling emergence of threehorn bedstraw (Galium tricornutum)

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-06-061r.1 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 54 (5) ◽

pp. 867-872 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Bhagirath S. Chauhan ◽

Gurjeet Gill ◽

Christopher Preston

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Osmotic Stress ◽

Weed Control ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Control Programs ◽

Field Crops ◽

Winter Crops

Threehorn bedstraw is an important dicotyledonous weed of winter crops in southern Australia, which can be difficult to control in some field crops. Knowledge of the germination ecology of this weed would facilitate development of effective weed control programs. Seed germination in the laboratory was greater for seeds that after-ripened while buried in the soil relative to those that after-ripened on the soil surface. The timing of greatest seed germination in the laboratory was found to coincide with the period of low temperature in the field. Seed germination of threehorn bedstraw was moderately sensitive to salt stress but moderately tolerant to osmotic stress. Seeds of threehorn bedstraw germinated over a broad range of pH from 4 to 10. No seedlings emerged from seeds placed on the soil surface. Maximum seedling emergence occurred at depths of 1 to 2 cm (89 to 91%) and declined at greater depths.

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A Method to Study Intracellular Ice Nucleation

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.2834302 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 120 (1) ◽

pp. 27-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

K. Tatsutani ◽

B. Rubinsky

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Light Microscopy ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Directional Solidification ◽

Thermal History ◽

Prostatic Cancer ◽

Ice Nucleation ◽

Cell Destruction ◽

New Apparatus ◽

Intracellular Ice

The thermodynamics of intracellular ice nucleation are important in low-temperature biology for understanding and controlling the process of cell destruction by freezing. We have developed a new apparatus and technique for studying the physics of intracellular ice nucleation. Employing the principle of directional solidification in conjunction with light microscopy, we can generate information on the temperature at which ice nucleates intracellularly as a function of the thermal history the cells experience. The methodology is introduced, and results with primary prostatic cancer cells are described.

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Ice-nucleation-active (INA) Bacteria: A Detriment to Strawberry Flower Survival during Low-temperature Exposure

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.3.428b ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 428B-428

Author(s):

Michele R. Warmund ◽

James T. English

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Ice Nucleation ◽

Ice Crystals ◽

Colony Forming Units ◽

Ina Bacteria ◽

Temperature Exposure ◽

Low Temperature Exposure ◽

Ice Crystallization

Experiments were conducted to determine the temperatures at which different densities of INA bacteria incite ice crystallization on `Totem' strawberry flowers and to determine if there is a relationship between densities of INA bacteria on strawberry flowers and floral injury. Primary flowers were inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae at 106 cells/ml buffer, incubated at 25°C day/10°C night and 100% RH for 48 h, and exposed to –2.0°C. No ice nucleation occurred on these inoculated flowers and all of the flowers survived. However, when inoculated flowers were subjected to lower temperatures, ice nucleation occurred at –2.2°C and few of the flowers survived. In contrast, ice crystals formed on the surface of most non-inoculated flowers at –2.8°C and 21% of the flowers survived exposure to –3.5°C. When INA bacterial densities were ≈105 colony forming units/g dry wt, floral injury occurred at a warmer temperature than to flowers that had lower bacterial densities.

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Low-temperature Tolerance of Blackcurrant Flowers

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.34.5.855 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 855-859 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

John Carter ◽

Rex Brennan ◽

Michael Wisniewski

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Floral Development ◽

Temperature Tolerance ◽

Ice Nucleation ◽

Genotypic Differences ◽

Stem Tissue ◽

Freezing Damage ◽

Low Temperature Tolerance ◽

Intact Plants ◽

Two Stages

The low-temperature tolerance of flowers from three blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) cultivars, `Brödtorp', `Ben Tirran', and `Baldwin', was determined at two stages of floral development. The three cultivars together represent a large part of the available genetic base for this subgenus of Ribes. Plants were maintained either at 4 °C in a growth cabinet under a 16-hour photoperiod or outdoors in Scotland during Spring 1997. Observed genotypic differences in survival were not associated with differences in LT50 of the flowers, and observations of freezing damage to flowers on intact plants suggest that the flowers can often survive by supercooling. This hypothesis is partly confirmed by the finding that detached flowers from all three cultivars have the capacity to supercool to at least –9 °C. Ice nucleation in stem tissue, however, was found to occur at or above –2 °C. That flowers on intact plants can apparently survive by supercooling, together with the finding that ice nucleation in stem tissue occurs at temperatures well above the LT50 of flowers, indicate the presence of barriers to propagation of ice from stem tissue to raceme. Such barriers within individual racemes are also indicated by patterns of freezing damage to flowers on intact plants cooled to –5 °C.

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Low‐temperature tolerance of the Antarctic species Deschampsia antarctica : A complex metabolic response associated with nutrient remobilization

Plant Cell & Environment ◽

10.1111/pce.13737 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 1376-1393 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

María José Clemente‐Moreno ◽

Nooshin Omranian ◽

Patricia L. Sáez ◽

Carlos María Figueroa ◽

Néstor Del‐Saz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Metabolic Response ◽

Temperature Tolerance ◽

Deschampsia Antarctica ◽

Antarctic Species ◽

Nutrient Remobilization ◽

Low Temperature Tolerance ◽

The Antarctic

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Regulation on Contents of Endogenous Hormones and Asr1 Gene Expression of Maize Seedling by Exogenous ABA under Low-temperature Stress

ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1006.2017.00141 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 141

Author(s):

Xin-Yuan LI ◽

Ye YANG ◽

Li-Fang ZHANG ◽

Shi-Yu ZUO ◽

Li-Jie LI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Temperature Stress ◽

Maize Seedling ◽

Low Temperature Stress ◽

Endogenous Hormones ◽

Exogenous Aba

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Senescence-associated down-regulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) oxidase delays harvest-induced senescence in broccoli

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp05076 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 32 (10) ◽

pp. 891 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Nigel E. Gapper ◽

Simon A. Coupe ◽

Marian J. McKenzie ◽

Richard W. Scott ◽

Mary C. Christey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethylene Production ◽

Acc Oxidase ◽

Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽

Northern Analysis ◽

Marker Genes ◽

Total Protein Content ◽

Protein Accumulation ◽

Delayed Senescence ◽

Transgenic Lines ◽

Key Enzyme

To gain an in-depth understanding of the role of ethylene in post harvest senescence, we used broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) as our model species. The senescence-associated asparagine synthetase (AS) promoter from asparagus was used to drive the expression of an antisense 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO) cDNA from broccoli, BoACO2, to reduce ethylene production following harvest. Physiological analyses revealed that transgenic broccoli lines harbouring the antisense BoACO2 gene construct (designated as AS-asACO) displayed delayed senescence in both detached leaves and detached heads as measured by hue angle. Harvested floret tissue from these plants also showed a delayed loss of chlorophyll, lower protease activity and higher total protein content, and changes in transcript levels of senescence marker genes when compared with wild type and transgenic lines transformed with an empty T-DNA. Genes that were down-regulated included those coding for cysteine protease (BoCP5), metallothionein-like protein (BoMT1), hexokinase (BoHK1), invertase (BoINV1) and sucrose transporters (BoSUC1 and BoSUC2). Northern analysis for BoACO1 and BoACO2, ACO assays and western analysis, revealed reduced ACO transcript, enzyme activity and protein accumulation, as well as reduced ethylene production in the transgenic AS-asACO lines when compared with controls, confirming that a key enzyme regulating ethylene biosynthesis was reduced in these plants. This, together with the changes observed in gene expression, confirm a significant role for ethylene in regulating the events leading to senescence in broccoli following harvest.

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