Regional differences in perceiving vowel tokens on Southerness, education, and pleasantness ratings

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Fridland
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Vowel Quality ◽  
Front Vowel ◽  
Speech Communities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Regional Dialect ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Back Vowel

AbstractThis study investigates the role of regional dialect experience on the social awareness of synthesized vowel tokens to regional in-group and out-group members. For the study, speakers from Reno, NV, were given the same perception test used in a previous study in Memphis, TN. Comparing the Reno results to those found in Memphis, the study examines whether differences in regional vowel norms affect how Westerners rate Southern-shifted and non-Southern-shifted vowel variants on Southernness, education, and pleasantness scales. The study also looks at how Reno raters interpreted shifted back vowel variants, found productively in their local community, compared to front vowel shifts found exclusively in the South. Finally, the paper explores how the results suggest that regional dialect exposure attunes listeners to attend to different aspects of vowel quality than those outside the region. In examining how regional dialect experience affects listener recognition and evaluation of local and nonlocal vowel norms, the paper begins to explore how much the production/perception relationship is mediated by speakers' participation in locally constructed and defined speech communities.

scholarly journals Are Tims hot and Toms not?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Hartung
Keyword(s):  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Vowel Quality ◽  
Front Vowel ◽  
Functional Feature ◽  
Physical Size ◽  
Gender Group ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Back Vowel ◽  
The Relationship

Sound symbolism – the idea that there are motivated links between the sound of a word and its meaning has been established to be an existing phenomenon across different languages. Especially size sound symbolism seems to be a functional feature in many languages meaning that different types of vowels in words are associated with different physical size. Words with front vowels (e.g. little, tiny) are more likely to be used to indicate small physical size whereas words with back vowels (e.g. humungous, huge) are more likely to indicate large physical size. Because physical size plays an important role in ratings of attractiveness, we tested whether vowels in first names can influence how attractive the bearer of the name is perceived. In our experiment, participants saw faces paired with popular first names and rated the attractiveness of the depicted person. Masculine names were paired with pictures of men and feminine names with pictures of women. The names either contained a front or back vowel in the accented syllable and were within gender group randomly paired with pictures. We found that female raters preferred faces paired with back vowel names while male raters preferred faces paired with front vowel names, showing that the rater's gender – far more than the gender of the depicted person – determined the relationship between vowel quality and perceived attractiveness of faces. Our results confirm the role of sound symbolism in perception of attractiveness.

scholarly journals Preprint Are Tims hot and Toms not?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Klenovsak ◽  
Franziska Hartung ◽  
Luenya Santiago ◽  
Dietmar Zaefferer
Keyword(s):  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Vowel Quality ◽  
Front Vowel ◽  
Functional Feature ◽  
Physical Size ◽  
Gender Group ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Back Vowel ◽  
The Relationship

Sound symbolism – the idea that there are motivated links between the sound of a word and its meaning has been established to be an existing phenomenon across different languages. Especially size sound symbolism seems to be a functional feature in many languages meaning that different types of vowels in words are associated with different physical size. Words with front vowels (e.g. little, tiny) are more likely to be used to indicate small physical size whereas words with back vowels (e.g. humungous, huge) are more likely to indicate large physical size. Because physical size plays an important role in ratings of attractiveness, we tested whether vowels in first names can influence how attractive the bearer of the name is perceived. In our experiment, participants saw faces paired with popular first names and rated the attractiveness of the depicted person. Masculine names were paired with pictures of men and feminine names with pictures of women. The names either contained a front or back vowel in the accented syllable and were within gender group randomly paired with pictures. We found that female raters preferred faces paired with back vowel names while male raters preferred faces paired with front vowel names, showing that the rater's gender – far more than the gender of the depicted person – determined the relationship between vowel quality and perceived attractiveness of faces. Our results confirm the role of sound symbolism in perception of attractiveness.

scholarly journals Effects of negative social information on the willingness to support charities: the moderating role of regulatory focus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nhat Quang Le ◽  
Magne Supphellen ◽  
Richard P. Bagozzi
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Focus ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Promotion Focus ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Willingness To Donate ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Harmful Effects

Abstract Donation campaigns that have an unsuccessful start often trigger negative social information in the social and mass media (e.g., “few others have donated so far”). Little research exists to shed light on the effects of such information in the context of donations. Across three studies involving different causes and different channels of communication, we find harmful effects of negative social information on the willingness to donate among prevention-focused consumers but tendencies of positive effects for consumers with a promotion focus. We identify response efficacy as a mediator of the harmful effect for prevention-focused consumers. This finding suggests that social proof theory is not sufficient to explain the harmful effect of negative social information. Alternative mediators are tested and rejected. The findings imply that an effective strategy to avoid harmful effects of negative social information is to trigger a promotion focus in target group members and communicate facts about charity effectiveness.

scholarly journals SEJARAH DESA TALAGA BESAR KECAMATAN TALAGA RAYA KABUPATEN BUTON TENGAH (1977-2017)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dade Prat Untarti
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Historical Criticism ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
The Village ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRAK: Permasalahan pokok dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) Apa latar belakang terbentuknya Desa Talaga Besar Kecamatan Talaga Raya Kabupaten Buton Tengah? (2) Bagaimana berkembangan Desa Talaga Besar Kecamatan Talaga Raya Kabupaten Buton Tengah Tahun 1977-2017? Metode sejarah tersebut adalah: (a) Pemilihan topik (b) Heuristik (Pengumpulan Data) (c) Verifikasi (Kritik Sejarah) (d) Interpretasi (e) Historiografi (kritik sejarah). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa: (1) Desa Talaga Besar awalnya hanya dijadikan tempat untuk berkebun atau bercocok tanam, misalnya menanam jagung dan ubi kayu sebagai makanan pokok masyarakat setempat dan pada umumnya masyarakat Buton. Karena seiring berjalannya waktu dan peradaban serta jumlah penduduk semakin bertambah banyak. Pemerintah daerah berinisiatif memekarkan desa Talaga Besar menjadi desa definitif. Faktor-faktor yang mendukung terbentuknya Desa Talaga Besar ini ialah: (a) Adanya peranan pemimpin yang selalu memberikan motivasi kepada warga untuk aktif dalam setiap kegiatan yang sifatnya membangun. (b) Faktor pendukung diantaranya faktor geografis (wilayah), faktor demografi (penduduk), dan faktor ekonomi. (2) Perkembangan Desa Talaga Besar dalam bidang ekonomi, sebagian besar masyarakat Talaga Besar menggantungkan hidupnya di bidang pertanian dan perdagangan yang telah dilakukan dan dikembangkan secara turun temurun. Di bidang sosial, hubungan sosial kemasyarakatan antara warga Desa Talaga Besar cukup harmonis. Di bidang pendidikan, perkembangan pendidikan di Desa Talaga Besar pada khususnya dan Kecamatan Talaga Raya pada umumnya mengalami perkembangan pendidikan yang boleh dikatakan sudah cukup baik dan infrastruktur lebih baik bila dibandingkan dengan keadaan sebelumnya. Kata Kunci: Sejarah, Desa, Talaga BesarABSTRACT: The main problems in this study are: (1) What is the background of the formation of Talaga Besar Village, Talaga Raya District, Buton Tengah Regency? (2) How did the development of Talaga Besar Village, Talaga Raya District, Buton Tengah Regecy Year 1977-2017? The historical methods are: (a) Selection of topics (b) Heuristics (Data Collection) (c) Verification (Historical Criticism) (d) Interpretation (e) Historiography (historical criticism). The results of this study indicate that: (1) Talaga Besar Village was originally only used as a place for gardening or farming, for example planting corn and cassava as a staple food for the local community and in general the Buton people. Because over time and civilization as well as the population increases. The regional government took the initiative to split the village of Talaga Besar into a definitive village. The factors that support the formation of the Talaga Besar Village are: (a) There is a role of leaders who always motivate citizens to be active in any constructive activity. (b) Supporting factors include geographical factors (region), demographic factors (population), and economic factors. (2) The development of Talaga Besar Village in the economic field, most of the Talaga Besar people depend their lives on agriculture and trade which have been carried out and developed for generations. In the social field, social relations between the people of Talaga Besar Village are quite harmonious. In the field of education, the development of education in the village of Talaga Besar in particular and the Talaga Raya sub-district in general experienced a development of education which was arguably quite good and the infrastructure was better when compared to the previous situation. Keywords: History, Village, Great Talaga

Culture, Identity, and Psycho-social Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Eugenio M. Rothe ◽  
Andres J. Pumariega
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Object Representation ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Religion And Spirituality ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group Members ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Neural Mapping

The chapter on culture and identity defines the current use of these terms and discusses how culture influences identity formation from a developmental perspective, starting in early childhood and throughout the life span. It also introduces new neurobiological findings related to theory of mind, neural mapping, object representation, and emotional reactivity and how these exert an influence on culture and identity formation. It covers a historical perspective that includes the contributions of pioneers such as Freud, Vigotsky, Montessori, Bandura, Mead, and Erikson. It also discusses ethnicity and race and the social and biological origins of prejudice and explains the meaning of ethnic-racial socialization messages, the dynamics of biracial identities, the importance of language in the development of the American identity and the role of culture and identity in psycho-social functioning and resiliency, including such variables as religion and spirituality. It also describes the influences of globalization and the diminishing importance of national boundaries on cultural identity for both minority and majority group members. Some of the concepts are illustrated and explained with clinical cases.

PERANAN KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL TERHADAP KOHESIVITAS KELOMPOK PADA KOMUNITAS MOTOR DI BANJARBARU

Jurnal Ecopsy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliana Sari ◽  
Neka Erlyani ◽  
Sukma Noor Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Group Cohesiveness ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Material Values ◽  
Reciprocal Process

ABSTRAK Pertumbuhan komunitas motor di Indonesia merupakan sebuah realita yang dihasilkan dari perkembangan sosial masyarakat yang semakin heterogen. Sebuah komunitas motor dibentuk oleh sekelompok orang yang memiliki hubungan khusus antara mereka, komunitas cenderung diidentifikasikan sebagai dasar atas kepemilikan atau identifikai bersama diantara kelompok minat yang sama. Melalui komunitas ini, mereka saling berbagi nilai kognitif, emosi dan material juga mengembangkan interaksi antar anggota kelompok. Komunikasi interpersonal merupakan proses timbal balik yang memiliki peranan penting dalam pergaulan manusia. Anggota kelompok yang sangat kohesif saling mengkomunikasikan ide masing-masing untuk menciptakan kerjasama agar tercapai suatu tujuan yang diinginkan bersama-sama. Kohesivitas penting bagi kelompok karena ia yang menyatukan beragam anggota menjadi satu kelompok. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan komunikasi interpersonal terhadap kohesivitas kelompok pada komunitas motor. Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini yaitu Ada peranan Komunikasi Interpersonal Terhadap Kohesivitas Kelompok pada Komunitas Motor di Banjarbaru. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 42 orang anggota komunitas motor. Pemilihan subjek yaitu dengan menggunakan teknik  sampling insidental. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Hasil analisa data menggunakan regresi linier sederhana yang menunjukkan bahwa ada peranan positif yang signifikan dari komunikasi interpersonal terhadap kohesivitas kelompok. Sebesar 77,8%, artinya peran komunikasi interpersonal terhadap kohesivitas kelompok cukup besar,  sisanya sebesar 22,2% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak dimasukkan dalam penelitian ini. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada peranan komunikasi interpersonal terhadap kohesivitas kelompok pada komunitas motor. Oleh karena itu, disarankan untuk semua anggota komunitas motor mempertahankan kedekatan yang sudah terjalin serta lebih meningkatkan kekompakkan antar anggota kelompok. Kata Kunci: Komunikasi Interpersonal, Kohesivitas Kelompok, Komunitas Motor  ABSTRACT Growth of motorcycle communities in Indonesia is a reality that results from the social development of a society which is increasingly heterogeneous. A motorcycle community is established by a group of people who have a special relationship among them. This community tends to be identified as a basis for ownership or based on shared similar interests among members in the group. Through this community, they share the cognitive, emotional and material values, and also develop interaction between group members. Interpersonal communication is a reciprocal process that has an important role in human relationship. The very cohesive members in the group will mutually communicate their ideas to create cooperation in order to achieve a desired goal together. Cohesiveness is important for the group because it unites the diverse members into one group. The objective of this study was to find out the role of interpersonal communication towards group cohesiveness in motorcycle community. The hypothesis of this study was that there was a role of Interpersonal Communication towards Group Cohesiveness in Motorcycle Community in Banjarbaru. The subjects in the study were 42 members of a motorcycle community. They were selected using the purposive sampling technique. The method used in the study was a quantitative method. The results of data analysis using the simple linear regression showed that there was a significant positive role of interpersonal communication towards the group cohesiveness, as much as 77.8%, indicating that the role of interpersonal communication towards group cohesiveness was fairly high, and the remaining 22.2% was explained by other variables not included in this study. Based on these results, it can be concluded that there was a role of interpersonal communication towards group cohesiveness in motorcycle community. Therefore, it is suggested for all members of motorcycle communities to maintain the attachment already established and to further improve the togetherness among group members. Keywords: Interpersonal Communication, Group Cohesiveness, Motorcycle Community 

Science Parks from a University Perspective

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
Malcolm Parry
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Social Business ◽  
Science Parks ◽  
Science Park ◽  
The Social ◽  
Learning Region ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Changing Role

In the context of the changing role of universities and the increasing emphasis on their function in the regional economy, the author assesses the establishment and development of the UK's science parks from the universities' perspective. Identifying the science park as a key instrument for the successful engagement of a university with its local community, he looks at the impact of parks on the processes of invention, innovation, technology transfer, commercialization and enterprise. He then outlines the three strategies available to a university for involvement in science park development – from high to low cost and high to low control. Finally, the author considers the influences on successful park development of the social, business and technological environments. He concludes that the mission of universities, together with their changing role, requires them to be the cohesive force in the learning region. The science park is a means of turning this concept into reality.

scholarly journals The Role of Social Parameters in the Choice of Address Forms used in Kinship domain in Punjab, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Ana Ramsha ◽  
Samrah Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Strong Connection ◽  
Address Forms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the role of social parameters in the choice of address forms used in kinship domain in Punjab, Pakistan. The study targeted 140 respondents in order to test the impact of social factors along with the regional differences in the choices of address forms in kinship domain. Statistical analyses are done by applying t-test for gender in relation to choices of address forms and ANOVA for age, income, education and social class. The study finds out that there is a strong connection of different social parameters not only with language use and practice but also in choices and use of address forms especially in kinship relationships.  Moreover, it is highlighted that gender does not influence in the choices of address forms, even the participants belonging to young and middle categories show no significant difference with regard to the choices of address form despite the fact that all the factors and parameters exert influence on the choices of address forms. Hence address forms as being one of the major traits of language and society is affected by all the social factors around and regional differences are also most important as they give identity and ethnicity to the society.

scholarly journals Development of the Smaller Local Communities in Slovenia Depends on the School as the Socio-Cultural Center

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Janko Mursak ◽  
Jasna Mazgon
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Cultural Center ◽  
Local Schools ◽  
Local Environments ◽  
The Social

The local schools have always been the centers of the cultural and social life of the Slovenian communities. Functioning as a socio-cultural center of the local community, the school greatly surpassed its primary role of providing education to children. The process of urbanization that reached rural areas as well as the secularization of lifestyles brought about very interesting changes to the previously expanded function of local schools. In the research study we conducted in 2014 and 2015 we examined how contemporary schools perceive the need for collaboration and participation in their local environments. The results of qualitative analysis indicate that merging or closing of local schools could have negative demographic and socio-cultural consequences. Furthermore, the analysis has also revealed the underused potential of the localities lacking tradition, such as new urban areas where the school could be the crucial element in the social organization of the local community.

scholarly journals The Role of Anti-harmony in Learning Neutral Vowels

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Finley
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Grammar Learning ◽  
Artificial Grammar ◽  
Vowel Harmony ◽  
Front Vowel ◽  
Learning Paradigm ◽  
Grammar Learning ◽  
Back Vowel

The present study used an artificial grammar learning paradigm to explore the prediction that exposure to anti-harmony might help learners infer that a neutral vowel in a vowel harmony language is transparent. Participants were exposed to a back/round harmony language with a neutral vowel [a]. This neutral vowel either always selected a back vowel suffix,  always selected a front vowel suffix, or selected both front-and back vowel suffixes, in adherence to anti-harmony. Results indicated that exposure to a back/round harmony with the neutral vowel selecting either back vowel suffixes, or both front and back vowel suffixes, could induce a bias towards transparent vowels. Assuming that participants inferred that the centralized [a] paired with [o] harmonically, then the predictions that exposure to anti-harmony could induce a bias towards a transparent vowel interpretation were borne out. However, the bias towards a transparent vowel was not significantly different between the anti-harmony conditions and the harmony condition, suggesting that this effect should be replicated with other neutral vowels.

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