Resilience in maltreated children: Processes leading to adaptive outcome

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dante Cicchetti ◽  
Fred A. Rogosch ◽  
Michael Lynch ◽  
Kathleen D. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Equal Proportion ◽  
Maltreated Children ◽  
Competent Functioning ◽  
Ego Resiliency

AbstractEvidence for resilience, competent functioning despite severe adversity, was investigated in school-age, disadvantaged maltreated (N = 127) and nonmaltreated (N = 79) children attending a summer camp program. Multiple areas of adaptation (social adjustment, risk for school difficulty, psychopathology) were assessed from self, peer, and camp counselor perspectives and school records. A composite index of adaptive functioning was developed, and levels of competence were delineated. Personality dimensions and personal resources, including cognitive maturity, self-esteem, ego-resiliency, and ego-control, were evaluated as mechanisms promoting individual differences in successful adaptation. Maltreated children as a group evidenced lower overall competence when compared to nonmaltreated children. An equal proportion of maltreated and nonmaltreated children, however, demonstrated high levels of competence, whereas more maltreated children than nonmaltreated children evidenced low levels of competence. Ego-resiliency, ego-control, and self-esteem were each found to predict individual differences in competent functioning. Evidence for the differential role of ego-control in promoting competence for maltreated versus nonmaltreated children was found. The results are discussed in terms of mechanisms contributing to resilient outcomes in maltreated children and the implications of the study of resilience for the field of developmental psychopathology.

Friendship Jealousy in Young Adolescents: Individual Differences and Links to Sex, Self-Esteem, Aggression, and Social Adjustment.

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey G. Parker ◽  
Christine M. Low ◽  
Alisha R. Walker ◽  
Bridget K. Gamm
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Young Adolescents

scholarly journals Personality, adrenal steroid hormones, and resilience in maltreated children: A multilevel perspective

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dante Cicchetti ◽  
Fred A. Rogosch
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Maltreated Children ◽  
Physically Abused ◽  
Adrenal Steroid ◽  
Low Income Children ◽  
Morning Cortisol ◽  
Ego Resiliency

In this multilevel investigation, resilience in adaptive functioning among maltreated and nonmaltreated low-income children (N = 677) was examined in relation to the regulation of two stress-responsive adrenal steroid hormones, cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), as well as the personality constructs of ego resiliency and ego control. Maltreatment status was not related to differences in average levels of morning or afternoon cortisol or DHEA. However, lower morning cortisol was related to higher resilient functioning, but only in nonmaltreated children. In contrast, among physically abused children, high morning cortisol was related to higher resilient functioning. Morning and afternoon DHEA was negatively related to resilient functioning. Although diurnal change in cortisol was not related to resilience, for DHEA, maltreated children with high resilience showed an atypical rise in DHEA from morning to afternoon. Morning and afternoon cortisol/DHEA ratios were positively related to resilient functioning, but did not interact with maltreatment status. Ego resiliency and ego control strongly differentiated maltreated and nonmaltreated children, and the personality variables were substantially predictive of resilience. When considered together, demonstrated effects of personality, cortisol, and DHEA maintained independent contributions in predicting resilience among high-risk youth.

Within-Subject Variability in Ingratiation as a Function of Self-Esteem and Time

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-226
Author(s):  
Katharina Schmitte ◽  
Bert Schreurs ◽  
Mien Segers ◽  
I. M. “Jim” Jawahar
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Random Coefficient ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Authority Figure ◽  
Subject Variability ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Within Subject Variability

Abstract. Adopting a within-person perspective, we theorize why ingratiation use directed toward an authority figure increases over time and for whom. We posit that as the appraisal event draws closer, the salience of achieving good evaluations increases, leading to an increasing use of ingratiation. We further propose that the increase will be stronger for individuals with low relative to high self-esteem. Participants were 349 students enrolled in a small-group, tutor-led management course. Data were collected in three bi-weekly waves and analyzed using random coefficient modeling. Results show that ingratiation use increased as time to the evaluation decreased, and low self-esteem students ingratiated more as time progressed. We conclude that ingratiation use varies as a function of contextual and inter-individual differences.

Self-esteem in Recovered Bipolar and Unipolar Out-patients

1993 ◽  
Vol 163 (6) ◽  
pp. 755-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pardoen ◽  
F. Bauwens ◽  
A. Tracy ◽  
F. Martin ◽  
J. Mendlewicz
Keyword(s):  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Basic Component ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depressive Patients

The hypothesis of a low self-esteem in depressive patients was tested using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale in 24 recovered unipolar and 27 recovered bipolar patients, compared with a normal control group of 26 subjects matched for age and sex. The hypothesis was confirmed only for unipolars; bipolar patients presented a self-esteem score not significantly different from normal scores. Self-esteem was not related to clinical characteristics of the affective disorder, suggesting that low self-esteem may be a basic component of a depression-prone personality. The investigation of the relationship between self-esteem and social adjustment confirmed the presence of social conformism in bipolar patients and rigidly set low self-esteem in unipolar patients. These results should stimulate the evaluation of different psychotherapeutic treatments in the long-term psychosocial management of affectively ill patients.

Does Stress-Related Growth Really Matter for Adolescents’ Day-to-Day Adaptive Functioning?

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 677-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cade D. Mansfield ◽  
Lisa M. Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Social Resources ◽  
Coping Behaviors ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Adolescent Stress ◽  
Questionnaire Measure ◽  
Empirical Demonstration

Adolescent stress-related growth refers to enhancement in an adolescent’s cognitive-affective or social resources as a result of experiencing stressors. We tested whether adolescents reporting high levels of stress-related growth showed superior adaptation outcomes on a day-to-day basis. Participants ( n = 91; females = 46, age = 14) completed a questionnaire measure of stress-related growth and kept a diary of emotional and interpersonal functioning for 10 consecutive days. Individual differences in cognitive-affective stress-related growth moderated associations between daily stress levels and adaptive coping behaviors, whereas individual differences in social stress-related growth moderated associations between daily mother-child conflict and end-of-day negative affect. This study provides the first empirical demonstration of domain-specific forms of stress-related growth during adolescence.

scholarly journals KELEKATAN, HARGA DIRI DAN PENYESUAIAN SOSIAL PADA KORBAN PERUNDUNGAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Erin Ratna Kustanti
Keyword(s):  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Bullying Victims ◽  
Victims Of Bullying ◽  
Social Adjustment Scale

This study aims to investigate the correlation of attachment and self-esteem to social adjustment on victims of bullying. Bullying victims encounter adverse effects that can prolong until adulthood. They also experience poor social adjustment. Good social adjustment associated with self-esteem. A warm and rewarding parenting practices facilitate high self-esteem. Emotional closeness creates strong bonds. Therefore attachment influences the formation of a sense of security for the survival of the child’s life in the future. The study population is students who were also bullying victims. The participants were 50 students that were identified using purposive sampling technique. The Social Adjustment Scale, the Attachment Scale, and the Self-Esteem Scale were used to collect data. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that attachment and self-esteem predict social adjustment on victims of bullying  (F(2,47) = 5,576; p = 0,007; R2= 0,192). Partially, attachment predicts social adjustment on victims of bullying (F(1,48) = 5,201; p = 0,027; R2= 0,098) and self-esteem predicts social adjustment on victims of bullying (F(1,48) = 10,713; p = 0,002; R2= 0,182).

Relationship between Rigidity, Self-Esteem, and Attitudes about Computer-Based Information Systems

1984 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 991-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianna L. Stone ◽  
Barbara Kemmerer ◽  
Hal G. Gueutal
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Correlation Analyses ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Beliefs And Attitudes

Data from a field study were used to assess the relationship between two individual differences variables, (a) rigidity, (b) self-esteem, and beliefs and attitudes toward the introduction of a computer-based information system. Multiple regression and correlation analyses showed that rigidity was negatively related to computer-related beliefs and attitudes. Further, the data indicated that self-esteem was not related to either computer-related beliefs or attitudes. Implications of these results for dealing with resistance to computerization are discussed.

scholarly journals Childhood Depressive Symptoms Predict Psychiatric Problems in Young Adults

2000 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eeva T Aronen ◽  
Mika Soininen
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of childhood depressive symptoms for psychiatric symptoms, adaptive functioning, and self-performance in young adults. Method: The study sample consisted of 111 young adults born during 1975–1976 in the Helsinki region. The young adults were assessed in childhood (10 to 11 years of age) using the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and at the age of 20 to 21 years using Achenbach's Young Adult Self Report (YASR), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Wallston Self-Performance Survey. Results: Self-reported depressive symptoms in childhood predicted psychiatric symptoms (especially aggression), poor adaptive functioning, and low self-esteem in young adulthood. Conclusions: Depressive symptoms in children should be addressed to prevent later psychiatric problems. The CDI may be a measure of nonspecific psychopathology rather than of pure depression—thus, it may be a good screening tool for child populations.

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