Viewing relational aggression through multiple lenses: Temperament, personality, and personality pathology

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 863-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Tackett ◽  
Shauna C. Kushner ◽  
Kathrin Herzhoff ◽  
Avante J. Smack ◽  
Kathleen W. Reardon
Keyword(s):  
Relational Aggression ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Relationally Aggressive ◽  
Trait Level ◽  
Dispositional Trait ◽  
Personality Psychopathology

AbstractDispositional trait frameworks offer great potential to elucidate the nature and development of psychopathology, including the construct of relational aggression. The present study sought to explore the dispositional context of relational aggression across three dispositional frameworks: temperament, personality, and personality pathology. Participants comprised a large community sample of youth, aged 6 to 18 years (N= 1,188; 51.2% female). Ratings of children's relational aggression, temperament, personality, and personality pathology traits were obtained through parent report (86.3% mothers). Results showed convergence and divergence across these three dispositional frameworks. Like other antisocial behavior subtypes, relational aggression generally showed connections with traits reflecting negative emotionality and poor self-regulation. Relational aggression showed stronger connections with temperament traits than with personality traits, suggesting that temperament frameworks may capture more relationally aggressive content. Findings at the lower order trait level help differentiate relational aggression from other externalizing problems by providing a more nuanced perspective (e.g., both sociabilityandshyness positively predicted relational aggression). In addition, there was little evidence of moderation of these associations by gender, age, or age2, and findings remained robust even after controlling for physical aggression. Results are discussed in the broader context of conceptualizing relational aggression in an overarching personality-psychopathology framework.

Examining Relational Aggression in an Individual Differences Context

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Tackett ◽  
Avantè J. Smack ◽  
Kathleen W. Reardon
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Relational Aggression ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Behavioral Genetics ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Relationally Aggressive ◽  
Internal And External Factors

Individual differences, such as normal-range personality, personality pathology, and genetics (specifically behavioral genetics), are variables or constructs that can be used to distinguish people. Individual differences have also been used to understand differences in antisocial behavior, including relational aggression, and can help inform the scientific conceptualization of this behavior. This chapter summarizes evidence for individual differences in relational aggression in three dimensions: normal-range personality, personality pathology, and behavioral genetics. Relationally aggressive behaviors are associated with normal-range personality traits, including high negative affect and low interpersonal and intrapersonal self-regulation. Relational aggression also overlaps with personality pathology. With regard to genetics, relational aggression can be explained by genetic factors and also shows substantial influences from environmental factors. Taken together, relational aggression is probably influenced by a number of internal and external factors, and individual differences research highlights potential heterogeneity in the construct.

scholarly journals Using the 11-item Version of the RCADS to Identify Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerica Radez ◽  
Polly Waite ◽  
Bruce Chorpita ◽  
Cathy Creswell ◽  
Faith Orchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Adolescent Report ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Anxiety Depression

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify items from the Revised Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale – RCADS-C/P that provided a brief, reliable and valid screen for anxiety and/or depressive disorders in adolescents. In addition, we examined whether adding items assessing suicidal ideation (Moods and Feelings Questionnaire – MFQ- C/P) and symptom impact and duration (items adapted from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire – SDQ) improved the identification of adolescents with anxiety and/or depressive disorders. We compared two samples of adolescents and their parents – a community sample, recruited through secondary schools in England (n = 214) and a clinic-referred sample, who met diagnostic criteria for anxiety and/or depressive disorder and were recruited through a university-based research clinic (n = 246). Participants completed the RCADS-C/P with additional symptom impact and duration items, and the MFQ-C/P. Using ROC curve analyses, we identified a set of 11 RCADS-C/P items (6 addressing anxiety and 5 depression symptoms) for adolescent- and parent-report. This set of 11 symptom items achieved sensitivity/specificity values > .75, which were comparable to corresponding values for the RCADS-47-C/P. Combining adolescent and parent-report improved the identification of anxiety/depression in adolescents compared to using adolescent-report alone. Finally, adding two symptom impact items further improved the sensitivity/specificity of the 11 symptom items, whereas adding suicidal ideation items did not. The 11 RCADS items accurately discriminated between the community and clinic-referred sample with anxiety and/or depressive disorders and have the potential to quickly and accurately identify adolescents with these disorders in community settings.

scholarly journals Using a brief 11-item version of the RCADS to identify anxiety and depressive disorders in adolescents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerica Radez ◽  
Polly Waite ◽  
Bruce F. Chorpita ◽  
Cathy Creswell ◽  
Faith Orchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Adolescent Report ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify items from the Revised Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale – RCADS-C/P that provided a brief, reliable and valid screen for anxiety and/or depressive disorders in adolescents. In addition, we examined whether adding items assessing suicidal ideation (Moods and Feelings Questionnaire – MFQ-C/P) and symptom impact and duration (items adapted from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire – SDQ) improved the identification of adolescents with anxiety and/or depressive disorders. Methods: We compared two samples of adolescents and their parents – a community sample, recruited through secondary schools in England (n = 214) and a clinic-referred sample, who met diagnostic criteria for anxiety and/or depressive disorder and were recruited through a university-based research clinic (n = 246). Participants completed the RCADS-C/P with additional symptom impact and duration items, and the MFQ-C/P.Results: Using ROC curve analyses, we identified a set of 11 RCADS-C/P items (6 addressing anxiety and 5 addressing depression symptoms) for adolescent- and parent-report. This set of 11 symptom items achieved sensitivity/specificity values > .75, which were comparable to corresponding values for the original RCADS-C/P. Combining adolescent and parent-report improved the identification of anxiety/depression in adolescents compared to using adolescent-report alone. Finally, adding two symptom impact items further improved the sensitivity/specificity of the 11 symptom items, whereas adding suicidal ideation items did not.Conclusions: The 11 RCADS items accurately discriminated between the community and the clinic-referred sample with anxiety and/or depressive disorders and have the potential to quickly and accurately identify adolescents with these disorders in community settings.

Why Does it Feel Authentic to be and act Extraverted? Exploring the Mediating Role of Positive Affect

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Adam Wilt ◽  
Jessie Sun ◽  
Rowan Jacques-Hamilton ◽  
Luke D. Smillie
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
State Level ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Sampling Protocol ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Trait Level

Extraverts report higher levels of authenticity and extraverted behavior predicts increased feelings of authenticity. Why? Across three studies, we examined positive affect as a mediator of the associations between extraversion and authenticity. In Study 1 (N = 205), we tested our mediation model at the trait level. Study 2 (N = 97) involved a ten-week lab-based experience sampling protocol, whereas Study 3 (N = 147) involved a preregistered week-long daily-life experience sampling protocol. These studies allowed us to test our mediation model at the state level. Positive affect explained moderate to very high proportions of the effects of extraversion on authenticity (Study 1 = 29%, Study 2 = 38%, Study 3 = 87%). We interpret these findings through the lens of cybernetic self-regulation, feelings-as-information, positive psychology, and humanistic perspectives, and propose that increased PA could also explain why extraversion is connected with other eudaimonic components of wellbeing.

Relational Aggression in Sibling Relationships

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Campione-Barr ◽  
Sonia E. Giron ◽  
Christopher Odudu
Keyword(s):  
Relational Aggression ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Sibling Relationships ◽  
Sibling Relationship ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Relationally Aggressive ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Developmental Course

Given the uniqueness of siblings, it is important to consider the presence and role of relational aggression within the sibling relationship. Due to the time spent together and the information disclosed between siblings, during conflict, such information could be used in threatening or relationally aggressive ways. Relationally aggressive actions do not pose a threat to end the sibling relationship, making it a safe relationship to practice such strategies. While parents are likely to be aware of physical aggression between siblings, and attempt to stop it, relational aggression may be difficult for parents to catch and address, reinforcing its effectiveness as a strategy of control. This chapter describes the developmental course of relational aggression within the sibling relationship, as well as associations between relational aggression in the sibling relationship and relationships with others. Finally, we highlight the conclusions and limitations of this research and offer ideas for future research directions.

scholarly journals Frontal EEG asymmetry moderates the associations between negative temperament and behavioral problems during childhood

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ran Liu ◽  
Susan D. Calkins ◽  
Martha Ann Bell
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Eeg Asymmetry ◽  
Frontal Eeg Asymmetry ◽  
Resilience Process ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Eeg Activation ◽  
Socioemotional Outcomes

Abstract Fearful inhibition and impulsivity-anger significantly predict internalizing and externalizing problems, respectively. An important moderator that may affect these associations is frontal EEG asymmetry (FA). We examined how temperament and FA at 6 years interactively predicted behavioral problems at 9 years. A community sample of 186 children (93 boys, 93 girls) participated in the study. Results indicated that the effect of fearful inhibition on parent-reported internalizing problems increased as children exhibited greater right FA. The effect of impulsivity-anger on parent-reported externalizing problems increased as children showed greater left FA. Because FA was allowed to vary rather than children being dichotomized into membership in left FA and right FA groups, we observed that children’s FA contributed to the resilience process only when FA reached specific asymmetry levels. These findings highlight the importance of considering the different functions of FA in combination with specific dimensions of temperament in predicting children’s socioemotional outcomes. Clinical implications include providing suggestions for intervention services by demonstrating the role of FA in developing behavioral problems and inspiring research on whether it is possible to alter EEG activation and thus potentially improve developmental outcomes.

Does parental psychological control relate to internalizing and externalizing problems in early childhood? An examination using the Berkeley puppet interview

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisanne L. Stone ◽  
Roy Otten ◽  
Jan M. A. M. Janssens ◽  
Bart Soenens ◽  
Emmanuel Kuntsche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Child Psychopathology ◽  
Psychological Control ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Behavioural Control ◽  
Parental Psychological Control ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
Berkeley Puppet Interview ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Parental psychological control has been linked to symptoms of psychopathology in adolescence, yet less is known about its correlates in childhood. The current study is among the first to address whether psychological control is related to internalizing and externalizing problems in early childhood. A community sample of 298 children aged 7.04 ( SD = 1.15) years participated. Along with two other parenting dimensions (i.e., responsiveness and behavioural control), psychological control, internalizing and externalizing problems were assessed by means of the Berkeley Puppet Interview. Psychological control was associated with internalizing and externalizing problems, and this association remained significant while controlling for parental behavioural control and responsiveness. Results suggest that the maladaptive correlates of psychological control also manifest in developmental periods prior to adolescence. Still, it is unknown how psychological control and child psychopathology are related over time in childhood.

scholarly journals Relational Aggression in Preschool Students: An Exploration of the Variables of Sex, Age, and Siblings

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. Morine ◽  
Laura M. Crothers ◽  
James B. Schreiber ◽  
Jered B. Kolbert ◽  
Tammy L. Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Relational Aggression ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Teacher Assessment ◽  
Peer Ratings ◽  
Factorial Anova ◽  
Preschool Students ◽  
Relationally Aggressive ◽  
Sibling Interaction ◽  
Older Siblings

In this study, researchers wished to ascertain whether there were age (three- and four-year old), sibling (with or without older siblings), and sex (male and female) differences in the use of relational aggression in preschool students as rated by peers and teachers. In order to answer this research question, two 2 × 2 × 2 factorial ANOVA procedures with the relational aggression composite score as the dependent variable on the PSBS-P and PSBS-T were used for peer and teacher assessment, respectively, of relational aggression. Results revealed that in the peer ratings of preschool students' relationally aggressive behavior, there was an disordinal age by sibling interaction, in which four-year-old children with siblings were significantly more likely to be rated by their peers as using relational aggression than three-year-old children without siblings. In the teacher ratings of preschool students' relationally aggressive behavior, a main effect for age was observed. Teachers rated four-year old children as evidencing significantly higher levels of relational aggression as compared to three-year-olds. No sex differences were observed in the use of relational aggression either at age three or age four in this sample. Implications for these findings are presented.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document