scholarly journals The First Readers of Lyndwood's Provinciale

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Paul Cavill
Keyword(s):  
Work Study ◽  
Ecclesiastical Law ◽  
Reformation England ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All

The Provinciale (1430) is among the most significant and long-lived works of English ecclesiastical law. It edited and commented upon the legislation of the Province of Canterbury. This article explores the work's initial dissemination and early readership. It is based on an examination of the surviving manuscripts. The first owners of these manuscripts were almost all secular and religious clergy. Differences in content between the copies show how Lyndwood's work was modified. In particular, his edition became detached from his commentary. The manuscripts also reveal readers’ responses to the work. Marginal annotations indicate the individual, collective and academic ways in which early users engaged. Manuscripts were kept up to date through the addition of new laws, but not consistently or for very long. They continued to be consulted alongside the first printed editions of the work. Study of these manuscripts establishes the wide reception and influence of the Provinciale in pre-Reformation England.

Adolescent Musicians' Perceptions of Conductors Within Musical Context

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford K. Madsen ◽  
John M. Geringer ◽  
Katia Madsen
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Summer Camp ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Audio Video ◽  
Musical Context

Attention to subtle changes in music, whether inadvertent or purposeful, occupies a great deal of practice and rehearsal time for the performer. Regardless of the extremely subtle acoustic changes that have been found to be perceptible within almost all studies, it is the total overall effect that most occupies the individual listener. This study investigated perception of digitally edited performances of Johann Strauss's Blue Danube Waltz, all performed by the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra with various conductors across an 18-year period. Two groups of string musicians in grades 7 through 12 participated ( N = 104). One group was an intact class; the second was a group of summer camp students. All participants listened to two conditions: (a) audio only and (b) audio-video combination. Results indicated that there were no significant differences between groups and that no one was able to identify correctly that there were five different conductors in the audio-only condition. Results were much the same as earlier research with college students. In addition, many students indicated that there were differences in the audio portions of the two conditions when in fact there were not.

Justice as Fairness: For Groups?

1975 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 607-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon Van Dyke
Keyword(s):  
John Rawls ◽  
Homogeneous State ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Justice As Fairness ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
Principles Of Justice ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All

In A Theory of Justice, John Rawls assumes that the principles of justice are for individuals in a society, and in general he assumes that the society is an ethnically homogeneous state. He thus follows the tradition associated with the dominant form of the social contract theory, which focuses on the individual and the state. His assumptions neglect the fact that almost all states are ethnically plural or heterogeneous, and that many of them confer special status and rights on ethnic groups as collective entities; for example, many of them confer special status and rights on indigenous groups, on groups disadvantaged by prior discrimination, and on minorities and other groups conceded a right to survive as distinct cultural entities. Status and rights for groups necessarily mean differentiation among individuals depending on their membership; and this in turn means that a theory of justice that focuses on the individual and neglects the group both fails to account for existing practices and fails to give guidance where the practices are at issue.

scholarly journals The Use of Genotoxicity Endpoints as Biomarkers of Low Dose Radiation Exposure in Interventional Cardiology

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Habibi ◽  
Panagiotis K. Karyofyllis ◽  
Aggeliki Nikolakopoulou ◽  
Panagiotis Papagiannis ◽  
Pantelis Karaiskos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Interventional Cardiology ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Cardiac Procedures ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All

The effect of the reportedly low ionizing radiation doses, such as those very often delivered to patients in interventional cardiology, remains ambiguous. As interventional cardiac procedures may have a significant impact on total collective effective dose, there are radiation protection concerns for patients and physicians regarding potential late health effects. Given that very low doses (<100 mSv) are expected to be delivered during these procedures, the purpose of this study was to assess the potency and suitability of current genotoxicity biomarkers to detect and quantitate biological effects essential for risk estimation in interventional cardiology. Specifically, the biomarkers γ-H2AX foci, dicentric chromosomes, and micronuclei, which underpin radiation-induced DNA damage, were studied in blood lymphocytes of 25 adult patients before and after interventional cardiac procedures. Even though the mean values of all patients as a group for all three endpoints tested show increased yields relative to baseline following medical exposure, our results demonstrate that only the γ-H2AX biomarker enables detection of statistically significant differences at the individual level (p < 0.001) for almost all patients (91%). Furthermore, 24 h after exposure, residual γ-H2AX foci were still detectable in irradiated lymphocytes. Their decline was found to vary significantly among the individuals and the repair kinetics of γ-H2AX foci was found to range from 25 to 95.6% of their maximum values obtained.

scholarly journals Seasonal changes of biological condition and reproductive cycle of hampback shrimp Pandalus hypsinotus (Caridea, Pandalidae) in the Tatar Strait

2021 ◽  
Vol 201 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-560
Author(s):  
D. N. Yuriev ◽  
G. V. Zhukovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Japan Sea ◽  
Biological Condition ◽  
Tatar Strait ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Trawl Catches

Research and commercial trawl catches of humpback shrimp Pandalus hypsinotus from the Tatar Strait (Japan Sea) in 2004–2020 were investigated, with bioanalysis of about 45 thousand specimens. Average timing of group molting, spawning, and eggs laying are determined, terms of gonads and eggs development are estimated. Prespawning and molting of the females occur between January-April, with the peaks in early February and middle February, respectively. All oviparous females have 30–40 days to lay eggs, and molt during 50–55 days; the peak of the eggs laying occurs in late June. The males molt in July-August, afterwards the largest individuals change gender and new intersexes are formed. The males have the second molting in October-December, with the peak in late November. In January, after finish of the males molting, a new annual reproduction cycle starts from the prespawning molting of females. Both vitellogenesis and embryogenesis are observed through the year, though females with developing gonads prevail from August to January (because of a long time span between winter and summer moltings while the egg carrying continued 15 months) but oviparous females — from February to July. The individual reproductive cycle of Pandalus hypsinotus in the Tatar Strait lasts 24 months, with 9 months of vitellogenesis (quick growth of gonads) and 15 months of embryogenesis. During the 2-year reproductive cycle, most of females pass through the following stages: i) gonads development (just after eggs laying) when almost all oviparous females (up to 95 % in May) have green gonads under carapace that corresponds to the stage of development «eggs laid — gonads weakly developed»; ii) summer molting from August when females lose hairs on pleopods and the gonads growth accelerates; iii) respawning in January-March (together with the firstly spawning intersexes, with slight delay of the latter); iv) initial developing of eggs during summer; v) stage of «eyed eggs» from December to March; and vi) eggs laying and molting from late March to late May; then the 2-year reproductive cycle repeats.

scholarly journals Hemoglobin biosynthesis in individual bursts in culture: studies of human umbilical cord blood

Blood ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-522
Author(s):  
K Kidoguchi ◽  
M Ogawa ◽  
JD Karam ◽  
JS McNeil ◽  
MS Fitch
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Human Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Human Umbilical Cord ◽  
Hemoglobin Biosynthesis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Gel Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Almost All

We cultured human umbilical cord blood erythropoietic precursors in methyl cellulose clonal assay and analyzed the synthetic rates of Hb A and Hb F in individual erythropoietic bursts. Hemoglobin was labeled with 14C-amino acids in culture, separated by slab gel isoelectric focusing techniques, and quantitated by fluorographic methods. Almost all bursts exhibited both Hb A and Hb F in varying ratios. Frequencies of the individual bursts differing in percentage Hb F biosynthesis had normal distributions. Natal erythropoietic precursors appeared to be randomly committed to Hb F synthesis.

scholarly journals Building constructions of stone cladded roofs in contemporary architecture

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gergely Dobszay
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
Time Requirements ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All

Stone roof coverings have existed for hundreds of years now, but their application in contemporary representative architecture is quite different than it was in former times, and accordingly the underlying constructional details are much more complicated. The main role of the roof in today's architecture is to emphasize the abstract building volume and its homogeneity. The design (visual appearance) has priority over constructional considerations, while at the same time requirements for thermal insulation and the watertight buildup of the building envelope are rising. This is a big challenge for the design of the constructional details, since traditional methods do not apply anymore: almost all of the water gets under this exterior cladding where a completely waterproof underlayer is needed. Therefore a new type of constructions is borne. In this article I try to present innovative constructional alternatives for stone cladded roofs and try to define guidelines for their planning. These alternatives were created and refined based on analysis of historical and contemporary examples, the examination of the specific conditions and requirements that affect cladded roofs, their expected performance over their life-span, the difficulties that arise under construction and my work experience. I created seven groups, according to the method for fixing the individual stone elements, since this is the detail that most affects the buildup of the underlying structure. A new approach is needed with these unconventional constructions, with a much more detailed inventory of every little feature of the building in question. But since these features vary violently with the architectural conception the exact constructional solutions are usually unique as well.

A Round-Up of Modern Opinion

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hashim Kamali
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Inner Self ◽  
Textual Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All

This chapter presents a selection mainly of twentieth-century scholarly opinion, both Sunni and Shi’a, on wasaṭiyyah and its role and manifestation in the textual data and historical development of Islamic scholarship, as well as the management of community affairs. Wasaṭiyyah relates closely to justice, but it is multifaceted and tends to influence almost all aspects of the individual conduct, as well as relations in society and with the outside world. The chapter discusses how wasaṭiyyah begins in the inner self of the individual and from there spreads out to influence relations with others and one’s surrounding environment, concluding with the point that rejecting extremism and embracing moderation are the keys toward treating others with dignity, accepting our differences, and coexisting with each other in peace and harmony.

scholarly journals Fiscal, Investment and Export Multipliers and the COVID-19 Pandemic Slowdowns Uncertainty Factor in the First Half of 2020

Risks ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz J. Derkacz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Uncertainty Factor ◽  
The World ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Fiscal Investment

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant slowdown in the development of almost all economies in the world. In this context, the main goal of this research is to try to present changes in the value of fiscal, investment and export multipliers as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was conducted in selected European Union countries. They are France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain. This research is based on the theory of effective demand. The values of feeds and leakages of total demand in the period from 2015 to 2020 were examined and calculated. On this basis, the individual multipliers of autonomous spending were analyzed and their changes in the first period of the COVID-19 pandemic were presented. The analyses led to a surprising conclusion: it found that the autonomous spending multipliers in some economies increased. This means that they have become ‘security buffers’ for the health of economies. This means that the increase in their value weakened the negative effects of changes in autonomous expenditure on gross domestic product.

scholarly journals Solitary potential structures observed in the magnetosheath by the Cluster spacecraft

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Pickett ◽  
J. D. Menietti ◽  
D. A. Gurnett ◽  
B. Tsurutani ◽  
P. M. Kintner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Bow Shock ◽  
Local Magnetic Field ◽  
Series Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Abstract. Bipolar pulses of ~ 25-100 µs in duration have been observed in the wave electric field data obtained by the Wideband plasma wave instrument on the Cluster spacecraft in the dayside magnetosheath. These pulses are similar in almost all respects to those observed on several spacecraft over the last few years. They represent solitary potential structures, and in this case, electron phase space holes. When the time series data containing the bipolar pulses on Cluster are transformed to the frequency domain by a windowed FFT, the pulses appear as typical broad-band features, extending from the low-frequency cutoff of the bandpass filter, ~ 1 kHz, up to as great as 20-40 kHz in some cases, with decreasing intensity as the frequency increases. The upper frequency cutoff of the broad band is an indication of the individual pulse durations (1/f). The solitary potential structures are detected when the local magnetic field is contained primarily in the spin plane, indicating that they propagate along the magnetic field. Their frequency extent and intensity seem to increase as the angle between the directions of the magnetic field and the plasma flow decreases from 90°. Of major significance is the finding that the overall profile of the broad-band features observed simultaneously by two Cluster spacecraft, separated by a distance of over 750 km, are strikingly similar in terms of onset times, frequency extent, intensity, and termination. This implies that the generation region of the solitary potential structures observed in the magnetosheath near the bow shock is very large and may be located at or near the bow shock, or be connected with the bow shock in some way.

scholarly journals Non-gravitational effects change the original 1/a-distribution of near-parabolic comets

2020 ◽  
Vol 633 ◽  
pp. A80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Królikowska
Keyword(s):  
Semimajor Axis ◽  
Oort Cloud ◽  
Gravitational Acceleration ◽  
Gravitational Effects ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Dynamical Properties ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Data Processing Methods

Context. The original 1∕a-distribution is the only observational basis for the origin of long-period comets (LPCs) and the dynamical properties of the Oort Cloud. Although they are very subtle in the motion of these comets, non-gravitational effects can cause major changes in the original semimajor axis, 1∕aori. Aims. We obtained reliable non-gravitational orbits for as many LPCs with small perihelion distances of q < 3.1 au as possible, and determined the corresponding shape of the Oort spike. Methods. We determined the osculating orbits of each comet using several data-processing methods, and selected the preferred orbit using a few specific criteria. The distribution of 1∕aori for the whole comet sample was constructed using the individual Gaussian distribution we obtained for the preferred solution of each comet. Results. The derived distribution of 1∕aori for almost all known small-perihelion Oort spike comets was based on 64% of the non-gravitational orbits. This was compared with the distribution based on purely gravitational orbits, as well as with 1∕aori constructed earlier for LPCs with q > 3.1 au. We present a statistical analysis of the magnitudes of the non-gravitational acceleration for about 100 LPCs. Conclusions. The 1∕aori-distribution, which is based mainly on the non-gravitational orbits of small-perihelion Oort spike comets, is shifted by about 10 × 10−6 au−1 to higher values of 1∕aori compared with the distribution that is obtained when the non-gravitational effects on comet motion are ignored. We show the differences in the 1∕aori-distributions between LPCs with q < 3.1 au and those with q > 3.1 au. These findings indicate the important role of non-gravitational acceleration in the motion and origin of LPCs and in the formation of the Oort Cloud.

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