Rice and Social Differentiation on a Volcanic Island: An Archaeobotanical Investigation of Yerae-dong, Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minkoo Kim ◽  
Ranyeong Oh ◽  
Moonbae Bang ◽  
Jeong-Wook Rha ◽  
Youjin Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Social Differentiation ◽  
Volcanic Island ◽  
Exchange Networks ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
Foreign Objects ◽  
The People ◽  
Ancient States

This article presents evidence for prehistoric rice cultivation on the island of Jeju (Jejudo), Korea. It also discusses sociopolitical contexts in which the people of this island decided to incorporate rice into their lifeways. Although Jejudo is culturally closely related to the southern region of the Korean peninsula, the nearest landmass to the island, their environmental conditions are radically different. Jejudo is not suitable for intensive rice cultivation. Archaeobotanical research at Yerae-dong nonetheless confirmed that rice was consumed earlier than the emergence of institutionalized social hierarchy on the island. The evidence for status competition and exchange networks contemporaneous with rice remains raises the suggestion that rice was initially incorporated as an exotic and luxurious food, rather than a daily necessity. The earliest rice on Jejudo is unlikely to have been transferred to the island as a result of tributary trade between ancient states. Rather, this study demonstrated that the main agents of rice cultivation were the emergent local elites who attempted to express status and consolidate hierarchy with foreign objects.

From Ancient Chinese Sages to Modern People Management Principles

2015 ◽  
pp. 27-40
Author(s):  
Connie Zheng
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Ancient States ◽  
Management Issues

This chapter reviews the legacy of several ancient Chinese sages (i.e. Guanzi, Hanfeizi, Shangyang, Xunzi, and Yanzi) and explores their thinking of ruling the state and managing the people. The thoughts of the old are compared with those known in the mainstream Western management texts. Striking similarities in thoughts and key organization and management issues of old and new are identified. For contemporary organizations to be successful, essential people-management principles must be espoused to sustain organizations for a long term as to preserve ancient states. Nonetheless, the world is in ceaseless change, dynasties and nations rise and fall as organizations acquire, merge, die, or emerge as new. Despite perpetual principles, management techniques require constant adaptation to meet modern challenges.

Participatory Research in Latin America as Political Engagement

2019 ◽  
pp. 133-145
Author(s):  
Emil A. Sobottka
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Participatory Research ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Paulo Freire ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Jose Marti ◽  
Jose Vasconcelos ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
The People ◽  
New Interpretation

In a first part the text brings the search of Latin America for its self-interpretation on the base of some selected authors like José Martí, José Vasconcelos, John Mackay and Richard Morse. In this trajectory, the concept people changed its meaning from a holistic to a more differentiated one, that supposes a cleavage between local elites and the socially dominated groups. In a second part the text argues that this new interpretation underlies the emerging of participatory research in Latin America, understood by its pioneers Carlos Rodrigues Brandão, Paulo Freire and Orlando Fals Borda primarily as a combination of research and political engagement in favor of the people defined as a collective of oppressed social groups struggling for its emancipation.

Sozialer Identitätsanspruch und die Legitimation der Betreuung / Social Identity Claims and the Legitimacy of Custody

1977 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Plake
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Social Differentiation ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Borderline Cases ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
The People ◽  
Widespread Belief ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThe custodial function of people changing organizations is usually latent; as against the socialization/therapy dominating in the outward presentation and consciousness of the members, it only comes into being in borderline cases. Sociological analysis of the establishment of schools and psychiatrical clinics shows however that even from the beginning the development of these organizations only made „progress“, if the socialization was linked with custodial interests - e.g. due to increasing social differentiation or political crises. Also today certain tendencies in the development of the educational system reveal the relevance of the custodial function, although it is partly overlapped by other factors. Contrary to the widespread belief that socialization and custodial functions can be fulfilled simultaneously both functions can only be combined on a marginal basis, because similar implications do have different meanings. Irrespective of numerous endeavours within the people changing organizations to interpret social processes in consistency with the socializing function, the efficiency of the socialization can be completely ruined immediately, should the custodial function become obvious. A less rigid definition of the identity standards could relieve the people changing organizations of custodial demands.

scholarly journals Exemplary Deterrent or Theatre of Martyrdom?: John Ogilvie’s Execution and the Community of Glasgow

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-66
Author(s):  
Paul Goatman
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Religious Minority ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
The People ◽  
Counter Reformation ◽  
Hearts And Minds ◽  
The Town

John Ogilvie’s martyrdom in February 1615 should be seen in the context of a struggle for the hearts and minds of the people of Scotland between the Jesuit mission and James vi and i’s government. Nowhere was this struggle more intense than within the town of Glasgow, where Ogilvie was imprisoned, tried and executed and which a large and influential Catholic community had long called home. Propaganda was disseminated by both sides during and after his trial and the archbishop of Glasgow, John Spottiswood, orchestrated its proceedings as a demonstration of royal and archiepiscopal power that involved local elites as well as central government officials. This article examines the events that took place in Glasgow during the winter of 1614–15 and provides a prosopographical analysis of the people involved. It makes the argument that, as had been the case during the Protestant Reformation of the 1540s and 1550s, Scotland’s church and state mishandled Ogilvie’s public ritual execution such that the local religious minority (now Catholics) became emboldened and more committed to Counter-Reformation.

scholarly journals Keterlibatan Elit Lokal dalam Peningkatan Partisipasi Politik pada Pemilihan Bupati dan Wakil Bupati Kabupaten Toraja Utara Tahun 2015

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurnal ARISTO ◽  
Muhammad Fadli ◽  
Muh. Kausar Bailusy ◽  
Jayadi Nas ◽  
Achmad Zulfikar
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Motivating Factors ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
The People ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive

This research aims to illustrate and analyze the role of local elites in increasing voter participation and impact of local elite involvement in North Toraja District Head Vice Regent and Vice Regent 2015 by using qualitative descriptive method. Data were obtained by using interviews as well as literature and document studies.The results indicate that local elites play a role in increasing participation in Pilkada in North Toraja according to their capacity. Local political elites socialize candidate pairs, become campaign teams and volunteer teams of candidates for regent / vice bupati candidates. Religious figures become part of the election organizers and socialize the implementation of Pilkada through religious activities. Adat leaders play a role by utilizing the charisma owned socialize information Pilkada to the community, build communication with the candidate pair then support it in the elections.The involvement of local elites in the implementation of North Sulawesi District Head Vice Regent and Vice Regent 2015 has a significant impact on the political participation of the community. Increasing the political participation of the people in Pilkada is not solely because of the involvement of local elites in disseminating information on Regional Head Election. However, there are other motivating factors that enable the community to actively participate, namely (1) to be given material rewards (including piloting gambling activities) and (2) the religious sentiments of one of the candidate pairs on religious leaders in worship activities.

scholarly journals Jember Fashion Carnaval as a Reaction of Visual Culture to The Principle of Binary Opposition (A Case Study)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lois Denissa
Keyword(s):  
Visual Culture ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Creative Industry ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
The Common ◽  
Consistent Performance

It has been commonly understood that fashion shows are always associated to glamor, luxurious, starred hotels, city centers, elite society, lights, and glittering costumes. It is often not realized that fashion shows have created strong boundaries between the center and the periphery, the elite and the public, the upper and the lower class, glamorous and old-fashioned. Since 2003, Jember Fashion Carnaval has been a peripheral phenomenon against the common convention on fashion. Streets as catwalks have totally changed territorial borders, social hierarchy, and created a favorable fashion carnaval arena. This yearly consistent performance and the reaction to binary opposition in fashion turns out to be able to create positive impacts in various fields of the creative industry, created a social and cultural carnival arena, education, and improve the economy of the people and tourism. The fashion carnaval phenomenon which has grown in the community was a result of dealing with foreign influences to create a new visual culture in Jember.

scholarly journals DARI MEMORIA PASSIONIS KE FORERI: SEJARAH POLITIK PAPUA 1999-2000

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Ngurah Suryawan
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
Irian Jaya ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
The People ◽  
Urban People

<p>This paper focuses on Papua memory of suffering in the tragedies of violations against humanity (memoria passionis) under the authority of the Indonesian Government with brutal military actions. Memoria Passionis was also a foundation of social movement in the urban people of Papua in 1999-2000. FORERI (Forum Rekonsiliasi Rakyat Irian Jaya – Forum of the Irian Jaya People’s Reconciliation) and PDP (Presidium Dewan Papua- Papuan Presidium Council) were educated local elites who struggled for Papua freedom peacefully. FORERI then transformed into Tim 100 who met President Habibie in February 1999 with the claim that the people of Papua wanted independence (separation) from Indonesia. They carry out MUBES (Great Council) of Papuan people on 23 to 26 February 2000 and the Papuan Congress II from May to June 2000. Consolidation of democracy and social movement in Papua ended after Theys Hiyo Eluay, one of the leaders of PDP was killed by Indonesian Army in 2001.</p> <p>Keywords: Papuan, memoria passionis, social movement, local elites</p> <p> </p> <p>Makalah ini berfokus pada memori Papua orang tentang penderitaan dalam tragedi pelanggaran terhadap kemanusiaan (Memoria Passionis) di bawah kewenangan Pemerintah Indonesia dengan tindakan militer yang brutal. Memoria Passionis juga adalah dasar dari gerakan sosial di masyarakat perkotaan Papua pada 1999-2000. FORERI (Forum Rekonsiliasi Rakyat Irian Jaya) dan PDP (Presidium Dewan Papua) merupakan elite berpendidikan lokal berjuang kebebasan Papua dengan damai. FORERI kemudian bertransformasi menjadi Tim 100 yang bertemu Presiden Habibie pada Februari 1999 dengan tuntutan bahwa rakyat Papua menuintut kemerdekaan (memisahkan diri) dari Indonesia. Mereka melaksanakan MUBES (Musyawarah Besar) Rakyat Papua 23-26 Februari 2000 dan Kongres Rakyat Papua II Mei-Juni 2000. Konsolidasi demokrasi dan gerakan sosial di Papua berakhir setelah Theys Hiyo Eluay, salah satu pemimpin dari PDP dibunuh oleh Angkatan Darat Indonesia pada tahun 2001.</p> <p>Kata Kunci: Papua, memoria passionis, gerakan sosial, elite lokal.</p> <p> </p>

Skeletal Morphology and Social Structure in Ancient Egypt

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Zakrzewski
Keyword(s):  
Human Growth ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Social Differentiation ◽  
Middle Kingdom ◽  
Human Skeletal Remains ◽  
Skeletal Morphology ◽  
Social Divisions ◽  
Limb Proportions

The study of human skeletal remains from ancient Egypt helps understand effects of emergent and entrenched differences in social differentiation and hierarchy between 5500 and 1785 B.C. This work focuses on diachronic patterns of terminal adult stature and limb proportions in Egyptian samples from the relatively egalitarian Badarian peoples through the highly complex and stratified Middle Kingdom. This diachronic approach suggests a number of complex outcomes, including that adult mean statures increased from Badarian to Late Predynastic times but declined into the Middle Kingdom. Increasing degrees of sexual dimorphism and changing limb proportions also speak to the intertwined effects of social hierarchy, gendered social divisions, and the plasticity of human growth in ancient Egypt.

Haiti's caisses populaires: home-grown solutions to bring economic democracy

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline S. Hossein
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Credit Union ◽  
Economic Democracy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
The People ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Credit Programs ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Informal Groups

Purpose – Bad governance and corrupt politics have left millions of people disenfranchised. In spite of an oppressive and undemocratic state, poor Haitians have created their own informal groups, cooperatives and caisses populaires (credit union) movements – a testimony to the democratic spirit of the poor masses. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – A mixed qualitative study using interviews, surveys, focus groups, ethnography techniques and literature review. Findings – Lenders who run the caisses populaires are not class or race biased; they understand how to make microfinance assist the marginalized poor in a society segregated by class and race. Cooperatives and credit unions (called caisses populaires in Haiti) are able to reach hundreds of thousands of people. Originality/value – These lenders one or two generations removed from the people they serve understand their reality and take careful steps and plan in a way to ensure their loans are structured to be socially inclusive. In fact, black microfinance lenders, as well as whitened local elites and foreigners, have a socially conscious philosophy of using microfinance as a vehicle to ensure economic democracy for the masses. In doing this, they take personal risks. The ti machanns recognize these efforts and as a result trust these credit programs.

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