‘Particular Businesses’ in the Long Parliament: The Hull Letters 1644–1648

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 273-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Scott
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
General Assumption ◽  
Market Place ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Personal Rule ◽  
The Relationship

One of the least studied aspects of the Long Parliament is its role in addressing the legislative needs of private or sectional interests such as trading companies and borough corporations. In the field of parliamentary studies, the dissolution of the 1628–9 Parliament represents a major watershed. The pioneering work of Geoffrey Elton, Conrad Russell and others has allowed us to appreciate a long-overlooked facet of Parliaments before 1629 – their function as a ‘market-place of legislative business’. But the Parliaments called after the collapse of the Personal Rule tend to be scrutinised in a very different light. Understandably, perhaps, the focus is almost exclusively upon the debates and factionalism that attended the nation's slide into civil war and subsequent endeavours to restore peace. The general assumption among historians of the civil war period is diat the two Houses were so preoccupied with the great issues of the moment that they had little time to devote to any business of a more private nature. There is certainly no denying that the Long Parliament was often consumed with ‘greate & weightie affaires’, nor diat many of the MPs who remained at Westminster after the outbreak of war were under little pressure to promote the interests of their constituents or indeed of any private individuals. Even so, where the relationship between a serving Parliament-man and those who had elected him remained strong, it is unlikely diat he could have ignored entirely his obligation to act as their spokesman and lobbyist. One of the best and yet most neglected sources for examining the role of MPs as promoters of ‘particular businesses’ in the Long Parliament is the Hull letters.

Interpersonal Conflicts in the Relationship of Twins

1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
S. A. Gruszewska
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Interpersonal Conflict ◽  
The Other ◽  
Psychological Space ◽  
Interpersonal Conflicts ◽  
Educational Methods ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractTaking into consideration two facts: that the structure of social life forces twins to part and that the presented roles in a pair are not equal, (one of the twins plays the role of a leader (L) and the other, the subordinate (P.)), one can ask the question — what meaning does the moment of parting have and what are its consequences?In order to do that, a survey was conducted, (a sample of 31 pairs of twins above the age of 30), in which every pair was asked the question: “Which one of you made the decision about parting?” The answer had two options: A – I, B – brother/sister. Out of 31 pairs of twins, 16 pairs chose the variant different from his brother or sister – that is A, B, admitting that the interpersonal conflict was the result of the parting. In 7 pairs, both twins chose the B variant – they withdrew from the conflict; and in 8 pairs they chose the A variant – looking for a compromise as the means of agreement.When analyzing the results of the survey, we can state the following:– in the relationship of twins, there is an interpersonal conflict;– the decision about parting is difficult with prevalent feelings of sadness and sorrow;– after parting, at least one of the twins has problems with preserving his identity and integrity of psychological space.Since the moment of parting is necessary and difficult, specialists and mainly parents are required to consciously change their position towards the relationship of twins. It has to be the result of applied educational methods which aim at creating subjectivity and equality of each of the twins before the moment of parting.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Young Consumers’ Purchase Intention of Counterfeit Fashion Brands

2015 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Zernigah Irshad Kiani ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Twin Cities ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Value Consciousness ◽  
Young Consumers ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Fashion Consciousness ◽  
The Relationship

Counterfeiting has become a major problem in the market place. Though manufacturers of original products worldwide are trying to combat this unethical practice, still they are not able to fully overcome it as it has penetrated deep down into the markets all around the globe. This study aimed at analyzing the factors that influence young consumers purchase intention of counterfeit fashion brands. The data were gathered from 160 respondents from the twin cities of Pakistan: Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Correlation and regression analysis were used to find out the relationship between dependent variable, i.e., purchase intention of counterfeit fashion brands, and the independent variables which were fashion consciousness, status consumption and value consciousness, and the moderating role of consumers’ ethics was analyzed. The study findings did not find support for any of the hypotheses, however, consumer ethics moderated the relationship between fashion consciousness, value consciousness and consumers purchase intention of counterfeit fashion brands. Some managerial implications for designers were also discussed.

scholarly journals Ambassadeurs op het sportfront : Sport, politiek en diplomatie tijdens de Spaanse Burgeroorlog (1936-1939)

2021 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-658
Author(s):  
Enrico Castro Montes
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Sports History ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Ambassadors on the Sports Front: Sports, Politics and Diplomacy during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)This article examines the role of sports in the international politics and diplomacy of nation states in wartime. Through a case study on public diplomacy during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), this article shows how sport could influence international public opinion. By focussing on some lesser-known international sporting events from this period, such as the 1937 Labour Olympiad in Antwerp, this article will move away from the dominant focus in sports history on mega-events such as the Olympic Games. Although research about the relationship between sports and diplomacy has grown in recent years, it has barely taken into account the influence of a war context on sport and diplomacy. This article attempts to fill this gap by analysing left-wing Belgian and Spanish newspapers, archives of the Belgian workers' sports movement, and unused source material from the FIFA archive.

scholarly journals MEMORIES AND STORIES OF RETURNING HOME IN KHALED HOSSEINI'S NOVELS THE KITE RUNNER, AND THE MOUNTAINS ECHOED, A THOUSAND SPLENDID SUNS

2020 ◽  
Vol XI (31) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Spirovska
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Life Stories ◽  
Sibling Relationships ◽  
Home Country ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Leaving Home ◽  
Returning Home ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Afghan Civil War ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this paper is to analyze the acts of returning home, thinking about home and the significance of home and returning home in Khaled Hosseini’s novels The Kite Runner, A Thousand Splendid Suns, and in the novel And the Mountains Echoed. As an American writer of Afghan origin, who left his home country as a child and moved to USA, Khaled Hosseini addresses the concepts of leaving home, immigration, and returning home in all of his published novels. In 2003, Khaled Hosseini published his first novel The Kite Runner. This story depicts the friendship between two Afghan boys, whose relationship is broken by the Afghan civil war and the violence before and in the aftermath of the war. In this novel, returning home is an act of redemption on behalf of Amir, for the betrayal of his best friend Hassan. Hosseini’s second novel, A Thousand Splendid Suns, describes the relationship between two women and their lives under the Taliban regime. Mariam’s and Laila’s life stories are intertwined the moment Laila, forced by the circumstances in Kabul during the civil war and the loss of her parents and her home, accepts Rasheed’s marriage proposal, becoming his second wife. The strained relationship between her and Mariam develops into close friendship, which ends the day Mariam kills Rasheed to protect Laila. Laila returns to Afghanistan and visits Mariam’s home. For her, this is an act of paying respect, of visiting a place where she can sense Mariam’s soul and her presence. And the Mountains Echoed presents the life stories of a number of characters, mutually connected in different ways. One of the sibling relationships described is the relationship between Pari and Abdullah who are separated as children. Pari, who leaves her home and is adopted, always feels the strange sensation of being homesick and missing somebody or something in her life. For Pari, who plans to travel to Afghanistan in attempt to find the answers to her questions, the act of returning home is exploring her own personality and heritage.

scholarly journals L’influence du genre à la transmission de la mémoire : Cas de Dora Bruder de Patrick Modiano

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 00022
Author(s):  
Fauzan Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
First Person ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Patrick Modiano ◽  
Cultural Experiences ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Relationship

<p class="Abstract">Such cultural experiences have a possibility to be embedded in a memory of one generation. But there are mostly in form of traumatic experiences. And then, we learn that these memories could be transferred onto their children, or we could say it as “post generation”. In the novel <i>Dora Bruder</i>, such things happen when the author, Patrick Modiano, plays his attribute in composing genres to arrange and transfer his message. The story mainly concerns as the narrator try to find a missing girl named Dora Bruder. She was gone in 1941, or in the moment when Nazi was occupying France. This research aims to discover the relationship between the role of genre on emerging the message, particularly the traumatic ones by using the concept of genre and postmemory. From the analysis we conclude that Modiano use genres to transfer his message traumatic. It exists in form of the impression of absence. From the sensation of absence, he continues to transmit consecutively another impression of hollow, doubt, and also hope. For transferring his message and memory, Modiano mixes real documents and his fiction. He manifest them by constructing a story of another person and narrating it from the first-person point of view. He uses this technique to identify himself, because the “shared idea” of one’s could be related with another’s.</p>

scholarly journals The Role of Local Councils in the Establishment of Police in the Years of the Civil War in Russia (1918 to 1920)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Mikhail M. Stepanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
The Moment

s a result of the constitutional reform of 2020, the mention that local self-government bodies can independently protect public order was deleted from part 1 of article 132 of the 1993 Constitution of Russia. Nevertheless, they are still involved in the exercise of the law enforcement function of the State. The activities of local governments in this area can be improved, including on the basis of domestic historical experience. In this regard, the process of creating councils as local authorities, and the peculiarities of their participation in the construction of the militia in the years of Civil War (1918–1920), is of significant interest. As a result of the study, it was concluded that from the moment of the establishment of Soviet power until the end of the active phase of the Civil War, the organization of local councils and militia, as well as their relations, underwent significant changes. The workers’ militia was independently created and maintained by local councils, as bodies of direct democracy of workers. In the future, the role of their executive committees increased significantly, which received significant powers in relation to the militia. In the conditions of the Civil War, the Soviet state was strengthened and the workers' and peasants' militia was centralized. The ability of local authorities to influence its organization and activities has been limited. During this time, the Soviet police turned from mass amateur organizations of workers created by local councils into a state paramilitary law enforcement body.

The Legacy of Conflict: Reconstruction and Migration in the Aftermath of Civil War in Tajikistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 019791832110254
Author(s):  
Michelle L. O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Resource Center ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Data Program ◽  
Development Resource ◽  
The Relationship

How do civil war and subsequent reconstruction efforts affect international migration? Although a wealth of evidence points to violent conflict’s effects on contemporaneous migration and although a rich body of literature examines development’s effects on migration, we know less about the intersection of conflict, development, and migration. This article examines the intersection of these factors nearly a decade after the 1992–1997 civil war in Tajikistan, combining data from the 2007 Tajikistan Living Standards Survey, the Uppsala Conflict Data Program, and original interviews. In a series of logistic regression models, I show that conflict fatalities do not have a direct effect on subsequent migration, while the number of years a district has had a development resource center directly increases the likelihood of migrating. However, the interaction between development and conflict is negative and significant. These findings suggest that conflict’s legacy does not directly impact the likelihood of respondents migrating but instead changes the nature of the relationship between development and migration. This finding illuminates conflict’s potential long-term consequences for migration and extends the migration-development nexus by addressing the role of conflict in the relationship between development and migration. In particular, it suggests that migration research in conflict-affected countries should incorporate measures of both conflict and development, even after a given conflict has ended.

scholarly journals UTICAJ RAZVOJA PREDUZETNIŠTVA I LIDERSTVA NA EKONOMSKI RAZVOJ

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
Milosav Miličković ◽  
Bilal Zahrah Miftah Alshafie ◽  
Miroslav Jevremović
Keyword(s):  
Business Environment ◽  
The Road ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Faster Development ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Potential Area

The development of entrepreneurship and leadership is the backbone of the development of any society. In a market economy, the state of entrepreneurship changes every day and it is necessary to find new methods of its development and adaptation to market conditions. Today, Serbia is in a difficult economic situation. The global economic crisis halted the country’s belated transitional recovery the moment the momentum began to take hold. The road to its recovery leads through painful measures: rationalization of the oversized public sector and serious financial discipline, as well as the promotion of entrepreneurship and leadership as development strategies, without which sustainable economic growth will not be possible. This paper aims to contribute to the description and analysis of the development of entrepreneurship and leadership, with the intention that it contributes to faster development in Serbia. The paper analyzes the concept, general state, and importance of entrepreneurship, the relationship between entrepreneurship and leadership, and the role of entrepreneurship in economic development. Based on the analysis performed in the paper, the authors concluded that entrepreneurial opportunities arise from market changes and that the modern, rapidly changing and uncertain business environment is a theoretically potential area for entrepreneurial activities.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 262-272
Author(s):  
Matthew Rendle
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Subsequent Discussion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The Conclusion outlines the various assessments of the impact and role of tribunals during the civil war. Starting with contemporary publications celebrating the important role of law as a revolutionary and transformative tool, it moves on to later Soviet and post-Soviet assessments. Noting that tribunals did not conform to easy stereotypes, the conclusion then summarizes the chapters before revisiting the key themes discussed in the Introduction in light of the subsequent discussion, arguing for the importance of law in revolutions and for the significance of a form of law in the Russian Revolution and civil war—revolutionary tribunals—that operated at the intersection of law and violence. It finishes by exploring the legacy of revolutionary tribunals for the later terror and show trials in Russia and its impact on the relationship between state and society where such practices must have added to the tensions and grievances emerging from Russia’s brutal civil war.

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