Sperm surface antigens and the prospects for contraceptive vaccine development

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Saxty ◽  
John Aitken
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
World Population ◽  
Human Spermatozoon ◽  
Contraceptive Vaccine ◽  
World Population Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
Access To Contraception ◽  
Sustainable Population

It has been estimated that 500 million couples world-wide have no access to contraception and that approximately 20% of births between 1995 and 2000 will be unwanted. Such statistics have important implications for the rate of world population growth and the possibility of maintaining a sustainable population. Although political change and the empowerment of women across the world will help address these issues, it will also be important to increase the availability of contraceptives; not only the modalities that are in current use, but also novel methods that will satisfy needs that are presently unfulfilled. One such alternative could be a vaccine targeting the human spermatozoon.

Sperm antigens and immunocontraception

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 825 ◽  
Author(s):  
LE Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
World Population ◽  
Contraceptive Vaccine ◽  
The World ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Population Crisis ◽  
Sperm Antigens

The development of novel forms of contraception is one way in which the world population crisis is being tackled. The concept of a contraceptive vaccine based on gamete-specific antigens is a particularly attractive approach. Much research has been carried out to identify sperm antigens which could be used as the immunogen. The most encouraging leads have come from groups using monoclonal antibodies to identify and characterize sperm antigens important for fertility (e.g. SP-10, PH-20 and PH-30). Identification of these molecules will also enable the development of specific tests for the diagnosis of immune infertility.

scholarly journals The introduction of the newest biotechnologies is necessary for sustainable agricultural development and needs the sufficient investments

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
Vasily Nechaev ◽  
Alex Gaponenko
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
World Population ◽  
World Population Growth ◽  
Wheat Improvement ◽  
Research Initiative ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
The World ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
World Agriculture

Abstract Authors of the analytical report «World Agriculture Towards 2030/2050» made conclusion that growing global demand for food cannot be satisfied if the agricultural production in the world does not increase by 60% for the next 40 years (Alexandratos and Bruinsma, 2012). This could be achieved only by increase the plants productivity, not at the expense of expansion farms land, because to 2050 area of world lands will grow on 5%. World population growth and reduction of the world area planted with wheat has alerted governments of G20, which adopted “The International Research Initiative for Wheat Improvement”. Wheat biotechnology rapidly evolves throughout the world. In 2009 three major wheat exporting countries have signed the declaration to speed up the commercialization of GM-wheat. In this article we evaluated the genetic engineering achievements, and their usage for increasing profitability of wheat.

scholarly journals Design of Peptide Vaccine for COVID19: CD8+ and CD4+ T cell epitopes from SARS-CoV-2 open-reading-frame protein variants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Parn ◽  
Gabriel Jabbour ◽  
Vincent Nguyenkhoa ◽  
Sivanesan Dakshanamurthy
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Peptide Vaccine ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
World Population ◽  
T Cell Epitopes ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Vaccine

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, has challenged public health at an unprecedented scale which has led to a dramatic loss of human life worldwide. To design a protective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, it is necessary to understand which SARS-CoV-2 specific epitopes can elicit a T cell response and provide protection across a broad population. In this study, PLpro and RdRp, two immunogenic non-structural proteins from an immunodominant gene region ORF1ab, as well as ORF3a and ORF9b are identified as potential vaccine targets against SARS-CoV-2. To select top epitopes for vaccine design, we used various clinical properties, such as antigenicity, allergenicity, toxicity and IFN-y secretion. The analysis of CD8 and CD4 T cell epitopes revealed multiple potential vaccine constructs that cover a high percentage of the world population. We identified 8 immunogenic, antigenic, non-allergenic, non-toxic, stable and IFN-y inducing CD8 proteins for nsp3, 4 for nsp12, 11 for ORF3a and 3 for ORF9b that are common across four lineages of variants of concern: B.1.1.7, P.1, B.1.351 and B.1.617.2, which protect 98.12%, 87.08%, 96.07% and 63.8% of the world population, respectively. We also identified variant specific T cell epitopes that could be useful in targeting each variant strain separately. Including the prediction of mouse MHC affinity towards our top CD8 epitopes, our study revealed a total of 3 immunogenic, antigenic, non-allergenic, non-toxic, stable and IFN-y inducing CD8 epitopes overlapping with 6 antigenic, non-allergenic, non-toxic, stable and IFN-y inducing CD4 epitopes across all four variants of concern which can effectively be utilized in pre-clinical studies. The landscape of SARS-CoV-2 T cell epitopes that we identified can help lead SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development as well as epitope-based peptide vaccine research in the future.

An analysis of factors and conditions pertaining to the rise of the sharing economy

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Yeganeh
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
World Population ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Psychological Conditions ◽  
World Population Growth ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
Multidisciplinary Perspective

PurposeThis study aims to examine the various factors and conditions pertaining to the rise of the sharing economy.Design/methodology/approachAfter framing the sharing economy concept, the study adopts a multidisciplinary approach and relies on the extant literature to analyze and classify eight major groups of factors behind the rise of the sharing economy.FindingsThe analysis indicates that the sharing economy (1) represents a significant paradigm shift emphasizing utilization rather than possession and relying on mutual trust, collaboration and reciprocity; (2) benefits from fundamental transformations such as the world population growth, global urbanization, surge in the world middle class and the convergence of tastes and preferences; (3) relies on technological innovation but is affected by socio-cultural and psychological conditions; (4) is driven by emerging trends in consumption, marketing and working conditions; (5) benefits from lax or nonexistent regulation and taxation; and (6) is recognized as clean and environmentally friendly.Originality/valueThis paper's chief contribution resides in adopting a multidisciplinary perspective to offer an in-depth analysis of the various types of factors behind the rise of the sharing economy.

Life Saving Potentials in Mass Emergencies

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 315-316
Author(s):  
Rudolf Frey
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
World Population ◽  
Nuclear War ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mass Disasters ◽  
Growing Population

The dangers of mass emergencies are greater today than ever before in the history of man. The reasons are:1) The exponential growth of the world population from 2 billion in 1925 to 4 billion today and to an expected 8 billion in the year 2025. This growing population is badly in need of more and more food and energy to sustain itself.2) The increasingly severe competition world-wide for the available supplies of food and energy will precipitate mass emergencies and even mass disasters. Some of these mass disasters, such as nuclear war, have the potential to destroy entire countries…or even the human race itself.No matter how gloomy the outlook is, however, it is still the task of the medical profession to recognize this growing danger and to do everything possible to be prepared for and treat not only individual emergencies, but mass disasters as well.

scholarly journals PENYANDANG DISABILITAS DAN UU NOMOR 11 TAHUN 2020 TENTANG CIPTA KERJA

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-98
Author(s):  
Bintang Kharisma ◽  
Sofyantoro Sofyantoro
Keyword(s):  
Minority Group ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
World Population ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
World Population Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Relationship

Persons with disabilities constitute the highest minority group in the world. This number is expected to continue to increase from year to year in line with world population growth, natural disasters and other factors. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship related to work creation which is not friendly to people with disabilities. The research method used is literature study with the main source, namely the law number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation. The result of this research is that the Job Creation Law does not actually support the fulfillment of the rights of persons with disabilities in getting proper accommodation in the world of work. The Job Creation Law does not include a 1% quota provision for private companies and 2% for BUMN / BUMD and Government / Local Government to employ persons with disabilities from all employees, which are currently listed in the Law on Persons with Disabilities.

scholarly journals A Compact Macromodel of World System Evolution

2005 ◽  
pp. 79-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Korotayev
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
World System ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Modern World ◽  
World Population ◽  
World Population Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One

The fact that up to the 1960s world population growth had been characterized by a hyperbolic trend was discovered quite some time ago. A number of mathematical models describing this trend have already been proposed. Some of these models are rather compact but do not account for the mechanisms of this trend; others account for this trend in a very convincing way, but are rather complex. In fact, the general shape of world population growth dynamics could be accounted for with strikingly simple models like the one which we would like to propose ourselves: dN/dt = a (bK – N) N (1); dK/dt = cNK (2), where N is the world population, K is the level of technology/knowledge, bKcorresponds to the number of people (N), which the earth can support with the given level of technology (K). Empirical tests performed by us suggest that the proposed set of two differential equations account for 96.2– 99.78% of all the variation in demographicmacrodynamics of the world in the last 12,000 years. We believe that the patterns observed in pre-modern world population growth are not coincidental at all. In fact, they reflect population dynamics of quite a real entity, the world system. Note that the presence of a more or less well integrated world system comprising most of the world population is a necessary precondition, without which the correlation between the world population numbers generated by hyperbolic growth models and the observed ones would not be especially high. In fact, our findings could be regarded as a striking illustration of the fact well known in complexity studies — that chaotic dynamics at the microlevel can generate a highly deterministic macrolevel behavior. Against this background it is hardly surprising to find that the simplest regularities accounting for extremely high proportions of all the macrovariation can be found just for the largest possible social system — the world system.

scholarly journals Regulation of Membrane Phospholipid Homeostasis in Neurodegenerative Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
XinRan Quan ◽  
◽  
Marica Bakovic ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Symptom Management ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
World Population ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
World Population Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
Present Rate ◽  
Neuronal Signal ◽  
Cellular Pathways

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a diverse group of neuropathological diseases that are currently incurable due to the irreversible neuronal loss. At the present rate of the world population growth, it is projected that the number of ND cases will double by the year of 2050. With treatments only available for symptom management and relief, disease prevention may yield significant benefits. Recently, there had been association drawn between the disruption of phospholipid (PL) homeostasis and the progression of NDs. Pathological developments were observed in cellular processes including autophagy, maintenance of mitochondrial integrity, and management of tissue oxidative stress. As PLs actively participate in the regulation of these cellular pathways and in neuronal signal transduction for the maintenance of an optimally functioning nervous system, their homeostasis is tightly controlled via an intricate system of interconversion and metabolism. Therefore, in this review, the contribution of a homeostatic PL pool and the detrimental effects by the lack thereof, are discussed in detail as it relates to ND development.

IMPORTANCE OF BIOECONOMY TO STIMULATE THE BULGARIAN ECONOMY

2019 ◽  
pp. 295-301
Author(s):  
Nely Georgieva ◽  
Darina Zaimova
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
World Population ◽  
Ecosystem Recovery ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
World Population Growth ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The World ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
Legislative Measures

Tackling the problems of world population growth, the rapid depletion of resources, climate change and the growing threat to the environment call for Europe to radically change its approach to the production, consumption, processing, storage, recycling and landfilling biological resources. Strengthening the bio-economy as a key EU policy will lead to a sustainable solution to these problems and will improve the economic and environmental situation in Europe for providing its inhabitants. On an international scale, documents relevant to the future of humankind are adopted to stimulate the development of the bio-economy as a basis for the ecological and environmentally sound development of the world economy. Legislative measures are also underway in Bulgaria to stimulate the introduction of sustainable production and consumption patterns that are tailored to the capacity and potential for ecosystem recovery and do not cause environmental degradation. The purpose of this report is to assess the importance of the measures taken and the results achieved in introducing innovative methods and ideas based on renewable and not exhaustible natural resources so that each region can benefit from its natural capital.)

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