Expression of SRG3, a chromatin-remodelling factor, in the mouse oocyte and early preimplantation embryos

Zygote ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Sun ◽  
F. Tang ◽  
A Y. Yan ◽  
H. Y. Fang ◽  
H. Z. Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Chromatin Remodelling ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Protein Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Mouse Development ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Female Pronucleus ◽  
Early Mouse ◽  
And Function

SummarySRG3 (Smarcc1) is a core subunit of the SWI/SNF complex. In the absence of SRG3, embryonic development ceases during peri-implantation stages, indicating that SRG3, as well as the chromatin-remodelling process, plays an essential role in early mouse development. To gain a better understanding of chromatin remodelling during the early stages of development, we examined SRG3 expression during oogenesis and preimplantation stages using immunofluorescence and western blot assays. SRG3 was detected in nuclei of oocytes during growth and maturation. Following fertilization, SRG3 was detected in pronuclei shortly after their formation. Nuclear concentrations of SRG3 increased in a time-dependent fashion and were found to be greater in the male pronucleus than in the female pronucleus. The increase in nuclear SRG3 was partially inhibited by a protein synthesis inhibitor, but not by a transcriptional inhibitor. Expression of SRG3 is accompanied by expression of Brg1 and Ini1, two other core subunits of the SWI/SNF complex. The expression of these three remodelling factors parallels that of SP1 and TBP, both spatially and temporally, in the mouse embryo, suggesting a role for remodelling factors in chromatin structure and function during early development.

scholarly journals Sub-Inhibitory Clindamycin and Azithromycin reduce S. aureus Exoprotein Induced Toxicity, Inflammation, Barrier Disruption and Invasion

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu ◽  
Ramezanpour ◽  
Hayes ◽  
Liu ◽  
Psaltis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Protein Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Barrier Structure ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Barrier Disruption ◽  
Human Nasal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Invasive Capacity ◽  
And Function

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is defined as a chronic inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinus mucosa associated with relapsing infections—particularly with S. aureus. Long-term treatments with protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotics have been proposed to reduce inflammation in the context chronic severe inflammatory airway pathologies, including CRS. This study assessed the effect of subinhibitory clindamycin and azithromycin on S. aureus exoprotein induced inflammation, toxicity and invasiveness. Methods: S. aureus ATCC51650 and two clinical isolates grown in planktonic and biofilm form were treated with subinhibitory clindamycin and azithromycin. Exoproteins were collected and applied to primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) in monolayers and at air-liquid interface. This was followed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Transepithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) and paracellular permeability assays to assess the effect on cell toxicity, inflammatory cytokine production and mucosal barrier structure and function, respectively. The effect of these treatments was tested as well on the S. aureus invasiveness of HNECs. Results: Subinhibitory clindamycin reduced S. aureus exoprotein production in planktonic and biofilm form, thereby blocking exoprotein-induced toxicity, reversing its detrimental effects on mucosal barrier structure and function and modulating its inflammatory properties. Sub-inhibitory azithromycin had similar effects—albeit to a lesser extent. Furthermore, clindamycin—but not azithromycin—treated S. aureus lost its invasive capacity of HNECs. Conclusion: Subinhibitory clindamycin and azithromycin reduce S. aureus exoprotein production, thereby modulating the inflammatory cascade by reducing exoprotein-induced toxicity, inflammation, mucosal barrier disruption and invasiveness.

Plant hormones, plant growth regulators

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (26) ◽  
pp. 1011-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
György Végvári ◽  
Edina Vidéki
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Wide Sense ◽  
Large Scale Integration ◽  
Scale Integration ◽  
And Function

Plants seem to be rather defenceless, they are unable to do motion, have no nervous system or immune system unlike animals. Besides this, plants do have hormones, though these substances are produced not in glands. In view of their complexity they lagged behind animals, however, plant organisms show large scale integration in their structure and function. In higher plants, such as in animals, the intercellular communication is fulfilled through chemical messengers. These specific compounds in plants are called phytohormones, or in a wide sense, bioregulators. Even a small quantity of these endogenous organic compounds are able to regulate the operation, growth and development of higher plants, and keep the connection between cells, tissues and synergy beween organs. Since they do not have nervous and immume systems, phytohormones play essential role in plants’ life. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(26), 1011–1018.

scholarly journals Essential Role of Septin 7 in Skeletal Muscle Structure and Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 258a
Author(s):  
Laszlo Csernoch ◽  
Mónika Gönczi ◽  
Zsolt Ráduly ◽  
László Szabó ◽  
Nóra Dobrosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Muscle Structure ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Discovery of keratin function and role in genetic diseases: the year that 1991 was

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (18) ◽  
pp. 2807-2810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre A. Coulombe
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Filaments ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Mechanical Support ◽  
25Th Anniversary ◽  
Keratin Filaments ◽  
And Function ◽  
Keratin Intermediate Filaments

In 1991, a set of transgenic mouse studies took the fields of cell biology and dermatology by storm in providing the first credible evidence that keratin intermediate filaments play a unique and essential role in the structural and mechanical support in keratinocytes of the epidermis. Moreover, these studies intimated that mutations altering the primary structure and function of keratin filaments underlie genetic diseases typified by cellular fragility. This Retrospective on how these studies came to be is offered as a means to highlight the 25th anniversary of these discoveries.

scholarly journals Die brein soos beskou deur die Grieke en Romeine

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francois P. Retief ◽  
Louise Cilliers
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Human Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
And Function ◽  
Remarkable Advance ◽  
The Brain

In Ancient Egypt mummification was associated with extensive organ resection, but the brain was removed through a hole cut in the ethnocide bone. It was thus not observed as an organ. Greek writers of the 6th and 5th centuries BC originally said the brain was the seat of intelligence, the organ of sensory perception and partially the origin of sperm. The substance pneuma, originating from fresh air, played an essential role in brain function. Hippocrates initially described the brain as a double organ, covered by meninges and responsible for perception. Contemporaries like Plato, Aristotle and Diocles confirmed the findings though the latter two considered the heart to be the centre of intelligence. During the late 4th century BC, with the onset of the Hellenistic era of medicine, dissection of the human body was temporarily allowed at the medical school of Alexandria, and this led to a remarkable advance in the understanding of human anatomy and physiology under Herophilus and Erasistratus. Their excellent descriptions of the structure and function of the brain was only matched and surpassed by Galen in the 2nd century AD.

Understanding the relationship between the microbiome and the structure and function of the pig gastrointestinal tract

2022 ◽  
pp. 165-178
Author(s):  
Chunlong Mu ◽  
◽  
Weiyun Zhu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Epithelial Structure ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

The gut epithelium acts as a barrier to the gut environment. The integrity of the epithelial structure and function is thus critical for microbiome-host interaction. The gut microbiome can regulate the utilization and synthesis of mucin, the expressions of the intercellular junction complex, and the functioning of specific epithelial cells, such as enterochromaffin cells and stem cells in pigs. The factors involved include microbial metabolites, especially short-chain fatty acids and host-microbe co-metabolism. Recent studies have revealed the essential role of amino acid metabolism in regulating the gut microbiome and epithelial barrier. This chapter discusses how the pig gut microbiome modulates epithelial structure and function, highlighting findings that reflect the relationship between the gut microbiome, intestinal structure and function.

scholarly journals Regulation of X-linked gene expression during early mouse development by Rlim

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Wang ◽  
JongDae Shin ◽  
Jeremy M Shea ◽  
Jun Yu ◽  
Ana Bošković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Mouse Genetics ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Mouse Development ◽  
Linked Gene ◽  
Temporal Regulation ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Early Mouse

Mammalian X-linked gene expression is highly regulated as female cells contain two and male one X chromosome (X). To adjust the X gene dosage between genders, female mouse preimplantation embryos undergo an imprinted form of X chromosome inactivation (iXCI) that requires both Rlim (also known as Rnf12) and the long non-coding RNA Xist. Moreover, it is thought that gene expression from the single active X is upregulated to correct for bi-allelic autosomal (A) gene expression. We have combined mouse genetics with RNA-seq on single mouse embryos to investigate functions of Rlim on the temporal regulation of iXCI and Xist. Our results reveal crucial roles of Rlim for the maintenance of high Xist RNA levels, Xist clouds and X-silencing in female embryos at blastocyst stages, while initial Xist expression appears Rlim-independent. We find further that X/A upregulation is initiated in early male and female preimplantation embryos.

scholarly journals Expression of mRNA for the LH and FSH receptors in mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Patsoula ◽  
D Loutradis ◽  
P Drakakis ◽  
K Kallianidis ◽  
R Bletsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Mouse Development ◽  
Lh Receptor ◽  
Mouse Oocytes ◽  
Early Mouse

The gonadotrophins LH and FSH are known to regulate gonadal growth, and differentiation, endocrine function and gametogenesis. The LH receptor is expressed in ovarian theca, granulosa and luteal cells, and in testicular Leydig cells. The FSH receptor is expressed only in ovarian granulosa cells and in testicular Sertoli cells. The expression of the FSH and LH receptors was analysed by RT-PCR to study the role of these receptors in early mouse development. After reverse transcription, strategically designed nested primers were used for amplification from cDNA. Transcripts for the receptors were present in mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos. The presence of mRNA for FSH and LH receptors in oocytes, zygotes and preimplantation embryos indicates a potential role for the gonadotrophins in the modulation of meiotic resumption and completion of oocyte maturation, as well as a beneficial effect on early embryonic development in mice.

scholarly journals Differential Glucocorticoid-Dependent Regulation and Function of the ERRFI1 Gene in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Endocrinology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 161 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chromewell Agustin R Mojica ◽  
Weand S Ybañez ◽  
Kevin Christian V Olarte ◽  
Alyssa Beatrice C Poblete ◽  
Pia D Bagamasbad
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
Protein Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
And Function

Abstract Glucocorticoids (GCs; eg, hydrocortisone [CORT]) are routinely used as chemotherapeutic, anti-emetic, and palliative agents in breast cancer (BCa) therapy. The effects of GC signaling on BCa progression, however, remain a contentious topic as GC treatment seems to be beneficial for receptor-positive subtypes but elicits unfavorable responses in triple-negative BCa (TNBC). The mechanistic basis for these conflicting effects of GC in BCa is poorly understood. In this study, we sought to decipher the molecular mechanisms that govern the GC-dependent induction of the tumor suppressor ERRFI1 gene, an inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, and characterize the role of the GC-ERRFI1 regulatory axis in TNBC. Treatment of TNBC cell lines with a protein synthesis inhibitor or GC receptor (GR) antagonist followed by gene expression analysis suggests that ERRFI1 is a direct GR target. Using in silico analysis coupled with enhancer-reporter assays, we identified a putative ERRFI1 enhancer that supports CORT-dependent transactivation. In orthogonal assays for cell proliferation, survival, migration, and apoptosis, CORT mostly facilitated an oncogenic phenotype regardless of malignancy status. Lentiviral knockdown and overexpression of ERRFI1 showed that the CORT-enhanced oncogenic phenotype is restricted by ERRFI1 in the normal breast epithelial model MCF10A and to a lesser degree in the metastatic TNBC line MDA-MB-468. Conversely, ERRFI1 conferred pro-tumorigenic effects in the highly metastatic TNBC model MDA-MB-231. Taken together, our findings suggest that the progressive loss of the GC-dependent regulation and anti-tumorigenic function of ERRFI1 influences BCa progression and may contribute to the unfavorable effects of GC therapy in TNBC.

scholarly journals Targeting E3 Ubiquitin Ligases and Deubiquitinases in Ciliopathy and Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 5962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Shiromizu ◽  
Mizuki Yuge ◽  
Kousuke Kasahara ◽  
Daishi Yamakawa ◽  
Takaaki Matsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligases ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome System ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
E3 Ubiquitin Ligases ◽  
Complex Disorders ◽  
Ciliary Function ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome ◽  
And Function

Cilia are antenna-like structures present in many vertebrate cells. These organelles detect extracellular cues, transduce signals into the cell, and play an essential role in ensuring correct cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation in a spatiotemporal manner. Not surprisingly, dysregulation of cilia can cause various diseases, including cancer and ciliopathies, which are complex disorders caused by mutations in genes regulating ciliary function. The structure and function of cilia are dynamically regulated through various mechanisms, among which E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases play crucial roles. These enzymes regulate the degradation and stabilization of ciliary proteins through the ubiquitin–proteasome system. In this review, we briefly highlight the role of cilia in ciliopathy and cancer; describe the roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases in ciliogenesis, ciliopathy, and cancer; and highlight some of the E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases that are potential therapeutic targets for these disorders.

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