Science journalism in Hindi in pre-independence India: A study of Hindi periodicals

Science journalism in Hindi originated in the late nineteenth century. Hindi literary periodicals provided the first platform for science to be discussed along with literature. The onset of the twentieth century witnessed a remarkable advance in Hindi literary writing, and science writing also flourished with this advance. A remarkable overlap and a complementary relationship between the development of Hindi literature and Hindi commentaries on sciences is evident. Equally important in this context was the backdrop provided by a politically contentious process of evolution of a ‘modern’, ‘standard’ Hindi, and by the anti-colonial freedom movement, yoked to the idea of cultural and economic nationalism. The article surveys certain popular periodicals that regularly published essays and commentaries on science and scientific subjects. These periodicals were instrumental in shaping the popular discourses on science. The article also underlines an overwhelming effort by the intelligentsia to seek a philosophical commensurability between modern science and ‘traditional’ schools of thought. It concludes that the predominance of these characteristics in Hindi science journalism was a reflection of the agenda of the Hindi intelligentsia, shaped by linguistic nationalism framed alongside or in conjunction with a revivalist perspective.

Transformation and Innovation of Human Resource Management in the Era of Big Dataunder the Background of Industry Intelligence

In the context of industry intelligence, modernization in management has achieved remarkable advance. Management concepts and management methods are two key factors in determining the effects of human resource management (HRM). The application of big data in HRM not only drives the modernization of management concepts, but also promotes the innovation of management methods, making the management work better match the needs of the organization's operation. This paper explores how human resource management is delicately conducted in an information-based and intelligent society in terms of the shift in management concepts, the optimization of the flow of the management, the benefits of innovation in management. In the meantime, corresponding strategies and suggestions on how to bring full play to the positive effects of big data in HRM are put forward to meet the needs of modern management goals.

Durum Wheat (Triticum durum L.) Landraces Reveal Potential for the Improvement of Grain Carotenoid Esterification in Breeding Programs

Carotenoids are essential in the human diet for their important functions in health. Besides, they are responsible for the yellow pigments desirable for industrial quality in durum wheat. The remarkable carotenoid content of durum wheat endosperm is mostly due to lutein. However, lutein esters have not been previously detected in durum wheat as in other cereals such as common wheat, tritordeum or Hordeum chilense. Esterification increases carotenoid stability and allows greater retention and accumulation through the food chain. Therefore, carotenoid esterification is revealed as a new key target in breeding. We characterized the carotenoid profile of 156 accessions of the Spanish durum wheat collection, searching for landraces with esterification ability. Interestingly, four accessions produced lutein monoesters and diesters. Also, traces of lutein monoesters were detected in eleven accessions. The identification of the first durum wheat accessions with esterification ability reported herein is a remarkable advance for carotenoid biofortification. Furthermore, variation for the relative content of zeaxanthin, α-carotene and β-carotene was also observed. This diversity for the β,ε and β,β branches of the carotenogenic pathway also represents a new opportunity for breeding for specific carotenoids in biofortification programs.

The Essential Tremors: Evolving Concepts of a Family of Diseases

The past 10 years has seen a remarkable advance in our understanding of the disease traditionally referred to as “essential tremor” (ET). First, the clinical phenotype of ET has been expanded from that of a bland, unidimensional, and monosymptomatic entity to one with a host of heterogeneous features. These features include a broader and more nuanced collection of tremors, non-tremor motor features (e.g., gait abnormalities) and a range of non-motor features, including cognitive, psychiatric, sleep, and other abnormalities. The natural history of these features, as well as their relationships with one another and with disease duration and severity, are better appreciated than they were previously. Studies of disease etiology have identified a number of candidate genes as well as explored several environmental determinants of disease. In addition, the decade has seen the beginnings and expansion of rigorous postmortem studies that have identified and described the postmortem changes in the brains of patients with ET. This emerging science has given rise to a new notion that the disease, in many cases, is one of cerebellar system degeneration. Across all of these studies (clinical, etiological, and pathophysiological) is the observation that there is heterogeneity across patients and that “essential tremor” is likely not a single disease but, rather, a family of diseases. The time has come to use the more appropriate terminology, “the essential tremors,” to fully describe and encapsulate what is now apparent. In this paper, the author will review the clinical, etiological, and pathophysiological findings, referred to above, and make the argument that the terminology should evolve to reflect advances in science and that “the essential tremors” is a more scientifically appropriate term.

Attention Mechanisms and Their Applications to Complex Systems

Deep learning models and graphics processing units have completely transformed the field of machine learning. Recurrent neural networks and long short-term memories have been successfully used to model and predict complex systems. However, these classic models do not perform sequential reasoning, a process that guides a task based on perception and memory. In recent years, attention mechanisms have emerged as a promising solution to these problems. In this review, we describe the key aspects of attention mechanisms and some relevant attention techniques and point out why they are a remarkable advance in machine learning. Then, we illustrate some important applications of these techniques in the modeling of complex systems.

The periodic law of the chemical elements: ‘ The new system of atomic weights which renders evident the analogies which exist between bodies ' []

The historical roots, the discovery and the modern relevance of Dmitri Mendeleev's remarkable advance have been the subject of numerous scholarly works. Here, with a brief overview, we hope to provide a link into the contents of this special issue honouring the great scientist. Mendeleev's advance, announced in March 1869, as he put it in 1889, to the ‘… then youthful Russian Chemical Society… ’, first set out the very basis of the periodic law of the chemical elements, the natural relation between the properties of the elements and their atomic weights. This was, and still is, the centrepiece of a historical journey for chemistry to today's position as a pre-eminent science. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Mendeleev and the periodic table'.

La presencia del ejército romano en las montañas de El Bierzo (León): novedades arqueológicas.

ResumenEn las últimas dos décadas, la Arqueología militar romana ha experimentado un notable avance en la península ibérica. El uso sistemático de nuevas técnicas de teledetección constituye el último estadio de un proceso de renovación metodológica que ha permitido documentar un numeroso conjunto de yacimientos arqueológicos inéditos, o bien relacionar otros ya conocidos con el ejército romano. A su vez, esta información inédita ha subrayado la necesidad de desarrollar nuevas narrativas arqueológicas sobre los procesos de conquista y ocupación del Noroeste peninsular en tiempos antiguos. Este trabajo analiza tres nuevos yacimientos de reciente descubrimiento que pueden ayudarnos a entender estos procesos en El Bierzo, una comarca estratégica en las comunicaciones entre el Noroeste ibérico y la cuenca del Duero.AbstractRoman military archaeology has experienced a remarkable advance in the Iberian Peninsula during the last decades. The systematic use of remote sensing techniques is the latest stage in a process of methodological renovation that has helped to identify a significant number of new archaeological sites, or to link other already known sites with the Roman army. In addition, these new data have highlighted the need to develop renovated archaeological narratives on the conquest and occupation processes of NW Iberia in the Antiquity. In this paper, we analyse three recently discovered sites, which will help us to understand these phenomena in El Bierzo, a strategic region connecting NW Iberia and the Duero valley.

Enhancement of FUS Mediated Delivery of Stem Cells to Brain

We propose that magnetic targeting of super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) labeled cells will enhance the delivery of stem cells to brain after focused ultrasound (FUS) mediated opening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). FUS mediated opening of the BBB allowing stem cells to enter the brain from the blood is a remarkable advance in delivery of stem cell therapeutics over current invasive methods of brain injection. However the efficiency of cellular entry is low. SPIONs are taken up by stem cells, allowing for labeling of transplanted stem cells in brain both with histology and MRI. Our research shows that SPION labeled stem cells show enhanced brain retention near a magnet on the skull, in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. There is no experience combining these two minimally invasive strategies to deliver stem cells to the brain. We will assess the capacity of an external magnet to enhance the efficiency of delivery to brain of SPION loaded stem cells after transient opening of the BBB using FUS. We will evaluate SPION loaded neural stem cells delivered by intravenous infusion in rats that have undergone MRI targeted FUS opening of the BBB along with a magnet placed over the skull of the sonicated hemisphere, to animals with FUS alone. The number and distribution of stem cells will be quantitative for each group to assess enhancement of delivery of stem cells after BBB opening using FUS by the addition of SPION loading and an external magnet.

Evaluation of the Accuracy of a System to Align Occlusal Dynamic Data on 3D Digital Casts

In recent years the T-Scan system has introduced the possibility of importing digitization of dental arches to its registrations. This is a remarkable advance, which allows an intuitive display of the location of the gathered dynamic data on the denture. Nevertheless, today’s usual method of manually positioning the arch in relation to the T-Scan’s force registration gives rise to the possibility of human error. In order to guarantee a good alignment between the dynamic registration and 3D digital casts, a specific method was developed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of this alignment method. For this purpose, it was compared with the most common procedure for detecting occlusal contacts, the articulating paper method. The comparison comprised overlapping digital models of both methods. Contacts of casts of 11 adults were registered, both with articulating paper and the T-Scan system. For one method, articulating paper marks were scanned in color; for the second method, the previously mentioned alignment was carried out with the T-Scan registrations. The results of both methods were overlapped in 3D digital casts, quantifying occlusal data matches. Statistical analyses were made to measure the quality of this alignment method. The study revealed a mean matching percentage of 79.02%, confirming the high reliability of the method.

Die brein soos beskou deur die Grieke en Romeine

In Ancient Egypt mummification was associated with extensive organ resection, but the brain was removed through a hole cut in the ethnocide bone. It was thus not observed as an organ. Greek writers of the 6th and 5th centuries BC originally said the brain was the seat of intelligence, the organ of sensory perception and partially the origin of sperm. The substance pneuma, originating from fresh air, played an essential role in brain function. Hippocrates initially described the brain as a double organ, covered by meninges and responsible for perception. Contemporaries like Plato, Aristotle and Diocles confirmed the findings though the latter two considered the heart to be the centre of intelligence. During the late 4th century BC, with the onset of the Hellenistic era of medicine, dissection of the human body was temporarily allowed at the medical school of Alexandria, and this led to a remarkable advance in the understanding of human anatomy and physiology under Herophilus and Erasistratus. Their excellent descriptions of the structure and function of the brain was only matched and surpassed by Galen in the 2nd century AD.