Duration of spermatogenesis and daily sperm production in the rodent Proechimys guyannensis

Zygote ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 783-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathália L.M. Lara ◽  
Ivan C. Santos ◽  
Guilherme M.J. Costa ◽  
Dirceu A. Cordeiro-Junior ◽  
Antônio C. G. Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Neotropical Rodent ◽  
Very High ◽  
Daily Sperm Production

SummaryThe spiny rat (Proechimys guyannensis) is a neotropical rodent that is used in biomedical research, particularly research related to chronic resistance to epilepsy and infectious diseases. To our knowledge, there are few reports concerning the reproductive biology of this species. Therefore, besides providing basic biometric and morphometric data, in the present study we investigated testis function and spermatogenesis in adult spiny rats. The mean testis weight and gonadosomatic index obtained were 1.63 ± 0.2 g and 1.15 ± 0.1% respectively. Based on the development of the acrosomic system, 12 stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle were characterized. Stages VI and VII presented the highest frequencies (~17–19%), whilst stages II to V showed the lowest frequencies (~2–4%). The most advanced germ cell types labelled at 1 h or 20 days after BrdU injections were respectively preleptotene/leptotene spermatocytes at stage VII and elongated spermatids at stage III. The mean duration of one cycle was 7.5 ± 0.01 days and the entire spermatogenic process lasted 33.7 ± 0.06 days (~4.5 cycles). The seminiferous tubules (ST) occupied ~96 ± 1% of the testis parenchyma, whereas Leydig cells comprised only 1.5 ± 0.4%. The number of Sertoli cells (SC) per testis gram and the SC efficiency (spermatids/SC) were respectively 78 × 106 ± 11 × 106 and 7.9 ± 1. The daily sperm production per testis gram (spermatogenic efficiency; daily sperm production (DSP)/g/testis) was 78 × 106 ± 8 × 106. To our knowledge, this spermatogenic efficiency is among the highest found for mammals investigated to date and is probably related to the very short duration of spermatogenesis and the very high ST percentage and SC number obtained for this species.

scholarly journals Testis structure, duration of spermatogenesis and daily sperm production in four wild cricetid rodent species (A. cursor, A. montensis, N. lasiurus, and O. nigripes)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251256
Author(s):  
Dirceu A. Cordeiro ◽  
Guilherme M. J. Costa ◽  
Luiz R. França
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Rodent Species ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Very High ◽  
Daily Sperm Production

Although rodents represent approximately 40% of all living mammalian species, our knowledge regarding their reproductive biology is still scarce. Due to their high vulnerability to environmental changes, wild rodents have become beneficial models for ecological studies. Thus, we aimed to comparatively investigate key functional testis parameters in four sexually mature wild rodent species (A. cursor, A. montensis, N. lasiurus, and O. nigripes). These species belong to the Cricetidae family, which is the most diverse family of rodents in South America, with a total of ~120 species in Brazil. The results found for the gonadosomatic index and the sickled sperm head shape observed strongly suggest that the species here evaluated are promiscuous, prolific, and short-lived. The duration of spermatogenesis was relatively short and varied from ~35–40 days. Both the percentage of seminiferous tubules (ST) in the testis parenchyma (~95–97%) and the number of Sertoli cells (SC) (~48–70 million) per testis gram were very high, whereas a fairly good SC efficiency (~8–13 round spermatids per SC) was observed. In comparison to other mammalian species studied, particularly the rodents of the suborder Myomorpha (i.e. hamsters, rats and mice), the rodents herein investigated exhibited very high (~62–80 million) daily sperm production per testis gram. This impressive spermatogenic efficiency resulted mainly from the short duration of spermatogenesis and quite high values found for the ST percentage in the testis and the SC number per testis gram. We expect that the knowledge here obtained will help conservation programs and the proper management of wildlife.

scholarly journals Histo morphometric evaluation of testes of Black Bengal goats

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
AB Siddique ◽  
KA Ferdous ◽  
MNH Parvez ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
MA Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Morphometric Evaluation

This study was designed to explore the gross and microscopic structures of the testes of Black Bengal bucks (n = 14) with special emphasis on the seminiferous tubules. A quantitative comparison of the various cell types in the seminiferous tubules of the testes were done. Biometrical values of testes were recorded. The left testes were significantly larger than the right. The mean length, width, weight and circumference of the left testis were 6.7 ± 0.1 cm, 3.9 ± 0.0 cm, 66.9 ± 0.8 gm and 13.4 ± 0.2 cm, respectively. The mean length, width, weight and circumference of the right testis were 6.3 ± 0.0 cm, 3.8 ± 0.0 cm, 66.5 ± 0.8 gm and 13.1 ± 0.1 cm, respectively. For microscopic studies tissue samples were evaluated with quantitative techniques. The testis was encapsulated by tunica toward the mediastinum testis. The testicular parenchyma was divided into convoluted seminiferous tubules and Leydig cells, which were found in the intertubular spaces. The Bangladesh Veterinarian (2018) 35(1&2): 40-46

scholarly journals Chronic exposure of bisphenol S (BPS) affect hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular activities in adult male rats: possible in estrogenic mode of action

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hizb Ullah ◽  
Faizan Ullah ◽  
Owais Rehman ◽  
Sarwat Jahan ◽  
Tayyaba Afsar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Bisphenol S ◽  
Daily Sperm Production

Abstract Background The industrial revolution has resulted in increased synthesis and the introduction of a variety of compounds into the environment and their potentially hazardous effects have been observed in the biota. The present study was aimed to evaluate the potential endocrine-disrupting effects of chronic exposure to the low concentrations of bisphenol S (BPS) in male rats. Methods Weaning male Sprague-Dawley rats (22 days old) were either exposed to water containing 0.1% ethanol for control or different concentrations of BPS (0.5, 5, and 50 μg/L) in drinking water for 48 weeks in the chronic exposure study. After completion of the experimental period, animals were dissected and different parameters (hormone concentrations, histology of testis and epididymis, oxidative stress and level of antioxidant enzymes in the testis, daily sperm production (DSP), and sperm parameters) were determined. Results Results of the present study showed a significant alteration in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and relative reproductive organ weights. Oxidative stress in the testis was significantly elevated while sperm motility, daily sperm production, and the number of sperm in epididymis were reduced. Plasma testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations were reduced and estradiol levels were high in the 50 μg/L-exposed group. Histological observations involved a significant reduction in the epithelial height of the testis along with disrupted spermatogenesis, an empty lumen of the seminiferous tubules, and the caput region of the epididymis. Conclusion These results suggest that exposure to 5 and 50 μg/L of BPS for the chronic duration started from an early age can induce structural changes in testicular tissue architecture and endocrine alterations in the male reproductive system which may lead to infertility in males.

Effects of pulse-modulated microwave radiation and conventional heating on sperm production

1987 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Lebovitz ◽  
L. Johnson ◽  
W. K. Samson
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Damage Threshold ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Sperm Production

The effects on testicular function of pulse-modulated microwave radiation (PM MWR, 1.3 GHz) and of conventional heating were studied in the rat. Anesthetized adult males (Sprague-Dawley, 400–500 g) were treated then killed at specific intervals with respect to the 13-day cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. PM MWR at 7.7 mW/g (90 min) yielded a modest decline in daily sperm production (DSP) that derived primarily from effects on primary spermatocytes. PM MWR at 4.2 mW/g was ineffective. The mean intratesticular temperature during the former reached 40 degrees C and did not exceed 38 degrees C during the latter. MWR considerably in excess of 7.7 mW/g yielded decrements in virtually all germ cell types, with primary spermatocytes again being most markedly affected. Using conventional heating, intratesticular temperatures in excess of 39 degrees C for 60 min were required for significant decrements in DSP. Levels of circulating follicle-stimulating hormone and of leutinizing hormone were resistant to either treatment. We conclude that the damage threshold and the differential sensitivity of immature germ cells to PM MWR can be adequately explained by the consequent macroscopic heating.

Implications of body condition and seasonality on morphological and functional parameters of testes of Myotis nigricans (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1029
Author(s):  
Marcelo Ferreira ◽  
Aline Soldati ◽  
Sirlene S. S. Rodrigues ◽  
Laércio dos Anjos Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
The Mean

The insectivorous bat Myotis nigricans is widely distributed throughout the Neotropics, including Brazil, and has a reproductive biology that is affected by climate and food availability. To evaluate the reproductive capacity of this species, morphofunctional parameters of the testes were correlated with environmental variables and the body condition of individuals captured. After bats had been killed, their testes were removed, fixed in Karnovsky’s fluid for 24 h and embedded in resin for evaluation by light microscopy. The mean annual tubulosomatic index (0.58%) and the percentage of seminiferous tubules in the testes (88.96%) were the highest ever recorded for the Order Chiroptera. The percentage of Leydig cells and volume of the cytoplasm of Leydig cells were higher in the rainy than dry season (80.62 ± 3.19% and 573.57 ± 166.95 μm, respectively; mean ± s.d.). Conversely, the percentage of nuclei of the Leydig cells in the dry season (26.17 ± 3.70%; mean ± s.d.) and the total number of Leydig cells (6.38 ± 1.84 × 109; mean ± s.d.) were higher in the dry season. The results of the present study could help in future conservation of these bats because they provide a better understanding of the bats’ reproductive strategies and how the species can adapt to changes.

scholarly journals Minireview: Transcriptional Regulation of Gonadal Development and Differentiation

Endocrinology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 1035-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Y. Park ◽  
J. Larry Jameson
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Targeted Mutagenesis ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Theca Cells ◽  
Main Cell

The embryonic gonad is undifferentiated in males and females until a critical stage when the sex chromosomes dictate its development as a testis or ovary. This binary developmental process provides a unique opportunity to delineate the molecular pathways that lead to distinctly different tissues. The testis comprises three main cell types: Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and germ cells. The Sertoli cells and germ cells reside in seminiferous tubules where spermatogenesis occurs. The Leydig cells populate the interstitial compartment and produce testosterone. The ovary also comprises three main cell types: granulosa cells, theca cells, and oocytes. The oocytes are surrounded by granulosa and theca cells in follicles that grow and differentiate during characteristic reproductive cycles. In this review, we summarize the molecular pathways that regulate the distinct differentiation of these cell types in the developing testis and ovary. In particular, we focus on the transcription factors that initiate these cascades. Although most of the early insights into the sex determination pathway were based on human mutations, targeted mutagenesis in mouse models has revealed key roles for genes not anticipated to regulate gonadal development. Defining these molecular pathways provides the foundation for understanding this critical developmental event and provides new insight into the causes of gonadal dysgenesis.

Biochemical and immunocytochemical analysis of a histone H1 variant from the mouse testis

1989 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
B.K. Rasheed ◽  
E.C. Whisenant ◽  
R.D. Ghai ◽  
V.E. Papaioannou ◽  
Y.M. Bhatnagar
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Primary Spermatocyte ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Mouse Testis ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Somatic Tissues ◽  
Early Primary

An H1 histone variant, H1a, has been isolated and purified from the mouse testis. Biochemical and amino acid analyses indicate its similarity with the rat testis H1a. Specific antibodies against the purified H1a have been generated in rabbits and used to study its tissue and species distribution using protein blotting procedures. We have also used the immunocytochemical technique to determine in situ distribution of H1a in spermatogenic cells and somatic tissues of the mouse. A non-random distribution of H1a has been noted in the nuclei of certain somatic cell types such as Sertoli cells, Leydig cells and neurons. By contrast, hepatocyte nuclei lacked detectable levels of H1a. In adult seminiferous tubules, the early primary spermatocyte nuclei displayed a greater level of immunoreactivity relative to other cell types. Developmental studies indicate its initial expression in the 7-day-old mouse testis concomitant with the appearance of intermediate and type B spermatogonia.

INHIBIN BIOACTIVITY IN HUMAN TESTICULAR EXTRACTS

1987 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. R9-R12 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J.B. Simpson ◽  
C.G. Tsonis ◽  
F.C.W. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Pituitary Cell ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Testicular Function ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Daily Sperm Production

ABSTRACT Inhibin bioactivity was measured in human testicular extracts by a sensitive sheep pituitary cell bioassay. The relationship between testicular inhibin bioactivity, daily sperm production (DSP) and plasma concentrations of FSH, LH, testosterone and oestradiol were examined. The mean level of testicular inhibin bioactivity was 4.4 ±1.3 U/g (mean ± SD) with a significantly lower value in those who received radiotherapy (3.2 ± 1.4 U/g) than in the untreated group (4.8 ± 1.1 U/g). In contrast to the rat, human testicular inhibin bioactivity was not significantly correlated to FSH or DSP. These findings suggest that inhibin may have a complex role in normal and/or pathological testicular function.

The annual testicular cycle in an equatorial colony of lesser rock hyrax, Heterohyrax brucei

1979 ◽  
Vol 206 (1163) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Rock Hyrax ◽  
Germinal Cells ◽  
Caput Epididymidis

Adult males from a colony of lesser rock hyrax found near the equator in Kenya exhibited an annual cycle of testicular activity characterized by intense spermatogenesis and elevated androgen status from May to July. Average masses of testes and seminal vesicles taken in these months were almost fourfold greater than those from September to January. During the months of peak testicular activity average diameters of Leydig cells and seminiferous tubules were increased by approximately one half and total tubule length was doubled, compared with values for the quiescent months. Variable testicular development occurred during transitional intervals preceding and following peak testicular activity. From February to April thickening of the seminiferous epithelium and appearance of spermatozoa in the caput epididymidis signalled re-establishment of sperm production. In August shedding of germinal cells from the epithelium heralded impending failure of spermatogenesis. Evidence of an annual testicular cycle contradicted the prevalent belief that equatorial hyrax breed all year and suggested that the testicular cycle is a conservative element of hyracoid reproductive strategy.

scholarly journals A comparative study of sperm production in two species of Australian arid zone rodents (Pseudomys australis, Notomys alexis) with marked differences in testis size

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
EJ Peirce ◽  
WG Breed
Keyword(s):  
Arid Zone ◽  
Seminiferous Epithelium ◽  
Testis Size ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Sperm Counts ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Daily Sperm Production

The plains rat, Pseudomys australis, and the spinifex hopping mouse, Notomys alexis, show marked differences in the size of their testes and in the number of spermatozoa within the epididymides. In the present study, the dynamics of sperm production and the duration of sperm transit along the male excurrent ducts were compared between these two species. The durations of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium, spermatogenesis and sperm transit were determined by tracking cells using autoradiography after [(3)H]thymidine incorporation. Daily sperm production was determined from counts of testicular spermatids after homogenization and further estimates of sperm transit were obtained by dividing sperm reserves within the various regions of the extratesticular ducts by the daily sperm production of the attached testis. In the plains rat, the mean duration of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium was 11.2 days, the duration of spermatogenesis was 45 days, daily sperm production was 2.6 x 10(7) spermatozoa per gram of testis and epididymal transit of spermatozoa took approximately 9 days (caput 0.8 days; corpus 1.5 days; cauda 6.5 days). In contrast, in the hopping mouse, the mean duration of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium was 14 days, the duration of spermatogenesis was 56 days and daily sperm production per gram of testis was < 1.0 x 10(7). Epididymal transit of spermatozoa was completed in about 4 days (caput + corpus < 1 day; cauda 3 days); however, spermatozoa may be stored for an additional 1.5-2.0 days in the vas deferens. These results indicate that, in addition to small testes, the hopping mouse shows a low efficiency of sperm production, a relatively long duration of spermatogenesis and rapid passage of spermatozoa through the epididymis, all of which contribute to low epididymal sperm counts. These data are considered in relation to interspecific differences in sperm competition.

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