scholarly journals 451 - Estimating “Brain Age Gaps” in patients with brain injury: Applying machine learning to advanced neuroimaging techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (S1) ◽  
pp. 171-171
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Brain Age ◽  
The Brain

Introduction:A single moderate or severe TBI is associated with accelerated brain aging and increased risk for dementia. Despite the high rate of falls that result in brain injury in older adults, numerous factors such as genetic predisposition to Alzheimer’s disease, sex, education, age are also known to affect multiple age-sensitive neuroimaging markers.METHODS:Here we use the “brain age” metric being tested by the global consortium, Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA), that employs machine learning to predict a person’s age from multiple age-sensitive imaging markers (e.g., hippocampal volume, regional cortical gray matter thickness, intracranial volume (ICV)), while also taking into account their sex and educational level. We will discuss results from brain injured patients ( n = 60; age range: 20-75 years) and healthy age-matched controls (n = 20 (20-75 years). We will compute the “brain age gap” – between a person’s actual chronological age and that predicted from their brain scan – and test relations between this measure and injury characteristics.RESULTS:In our pilot work, we predicted a person’s age from their MRI scan with a mean absolute error of about 5 years. ENIGMA’s current best model includes: (1) non-normalized brain volumetric measures as predictors including ICV, (2) separate models for males and females, (3) use of a large age range (12-80), and (4) Gaussian process regression (GPR).CONCLUSION:This “overall” marker of accelerated brain aging offers a metric that taps diverse sources of information, weighted by their relevance to brain aging, and is associated with decreased functionality in older adults.

scholarly journals Increased Brain Age Gap Estimate (BrainAGE) in Young Adults After Premature Birth

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis M. Hedderich ◽  
Aurore Menegaux ◽  
Benita Schmitz-Koep ◽  
Rachel Nuttall ◽  
Juliana Zimmermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Premature Birth ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Age Gap ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Aging Rates ◽  
Brain Age ◽  
Premature Born

Recent evidence suggests increased metabolic and physiologic aging rates in premature-born adults. While the lasting consequences of premature birth on human brain development are known, its impact on brain aging remains unclear. We addressed the question of whether premature birth impacts brain age gap estimates (BrainAGE) using an accurate and robust machine-learning framework based on structural MRI in a large cohort of young premature-born adults (n = 101) and full-term (FT) controls (n = 111). Study participants are part of a geographically defined population study of premature-born individuals, which have been followed longitudinally from birth until young adulthood. We investigated the association between BrainAGE scores and perinatal variables as well as with outcomes of physical (total intracranial volume, TIV) and cognitive development (full-scale IQ, FS-IQ). We found increased BrainAGE in premature-born adults [median (interquartile range) = 1.4 (−1.3–4.7 years)] compared to full-term controls (p = 0.002, Cohen’s d = 0.443), which was associated with low Gestational age (GA), low birth weight (BW), and increased neonatal treatment intensity but not with TIV or FS-IQ. In conclusion, results demonstrate elevated BrainAGE in premature-born adults, suggesting an increased risk for accelerated brain aging in human prematurity.

scholarly journals Accelerated Brain Aging in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Longitudinal Pattern Recognition With White Matter Integrity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuoqiu Gan ◽  
Wen Shi ◽  
Shan Wang ◽  
Yingxiang Sun ◽  
Bo Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Brain Age ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Age Prediction

Abstract Background: Long-term effects of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) resemble brain aging changes (i.e., microstructure integrity loss), which implies an accelerated age-associated process. This study aimed to develop a quantifiable neuroimaging marker to characterize the brain-aging process accelerated by mTBI from acute to chronic phases. Methods: A brain-age prediction model was defined using relevance vector regression (RVR) in 523 healthy individuals, based on fractional anisotropy metrics from diffusion-tensor imaging. The model was adopted to estimate brain-predicted age difference (brain-PAD = predicted brain age - chronological age) in 116 acute mTBI patients and 63 healthy controls (HCs). Fifty patients were followed up 6~12 month post-injury to evaluate the longitudinal changes in brain-PAD. Another mTBI group containing 70 acute patients were included as a replicated cohort. We investigated whether brain-PAD was greater in patients with elderly age, post-concussion complaints, and risky apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, and whether it had the potential to predict neuropsychological outcomes for information processing speed (IPS). Between-group and longitudinal comparison in brain-PAD was conducted with analysis of covariance and linear mixed-effects model, respectively. The correlation between brain-PAD and continuous variables was analyzed with Spearman rank-order correlation.Results: The RVR brain-age prediction model predicted brain age accurately (r = 0.96, R2 = 0.93). The brain age of mTBI patients was estimated to be "older" in the acute phase, with mean brain-PAD of 2.59 (± 5.97) years compared with HCs (0.12 ± 3.19 years) (P < 0.05) and replicated in another mTBI cohort (brain-PAD: 3.26 ± 4.55 years). The increased brain age in mTBI kept stable at 6-12 month post-injury (2.50 ± 4.54 years). Patients with older age or severer post-concussion complaints obtained greater brain-PAD (P < 0.001, P = 0.024), while patients with APOE ε4 didn’t obtain greater brain-PAD than those without. Additionally, brain-PAD in the acute phase predicted patients’ IPS profile at 6~12 month follow-up (rho = -0.36, P = 0.01). Conclusion: Mild TBI, even a single one, accelerates the brain-aging process. The brain-PAD can be considered as a quantitative neuroimaging marker to evaluate the susceptibility to neurodegeneration or other age-associated conditions following mTBI. Trial registration: NCT02868684.

scholarly journals Statistical Estimation of Accelerated Biological Brain Aging After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 890-890
Author(s):  
Andrei Irimia ◽  
Jun Kim ◽  
Shania Wang ◽  
Hyung Jun Lee ◽  
Van Ngo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Brain Age

Abstract Estimating biological brain age (BA) has the potential of identifying individuals at relatively high risk for accelerated neurodegeneration. This study compares the brain’s chronological age (CA) to its BA and reveals the BA rate of change after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in an aging cohort. Using T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumes and cortical thickness, volume, surface area, and Gaussian curvature obtained using FreeSurfer software; we formulated a multivariate linear regression to determine the rate of BA increase associated with mTBI. 95 TBI patients (age in years (y): μ = 41 y, σ = 17 y; range = 18 to 83) were compared to 462 healthy controls (HCs) (age: μ = 69 y, σ = 18 y; range = 25 to 95) over a 6-month time period following mTBI. Across the initial ~6 months following injury, patients’ BAs increased by ~3.0 ± 1.2 years due to their mTBIs alone, i.e., above and beyond typical brain aging. The superior temporal and parahippocampal gyri, two structures involved in memory formation and retrieval, exhibited the fastest rates of TBI-related BA. In both hemispheres, the volume of the hippocampus decreased (left: μ=0.28%, σ=4.40%; right: μ=0.12%, σ=4.84%). These findings illustrate BA estimation techniques’ potential to identify TBI patients with accelerated neurodegeneration, whose rate is strongly associated with the risk for dementia and other aging-related neurological conditions.

scholarly journals Mortality in traffic accidents with older adults in Colombia

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Maria Segura Cardona ◽  
Doris Cardona Arango ◽  
Dedsy Yajaira Berbesí Fernández ◽  
Alejandra Agudelo Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Distribution Profile ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the traffic accident mortality in the Colombian older adults during the 1998-2012 period and show the loss of productive years and mortality from this cause. METHODS Quantitative study of the trend analysis of deaths in Colombia in traffic accidents, from 1998 to 2012, according to death records and population projected by the Colombian National Administrative Department of Statistics. Frequency distribution profile of the deceased, death rates per hundred thousand inhabitants, potential years of life lost and calculation of excess mortality by age in the over 60 were made. RESULTS In the study period 100,758 deaths occurred in traffic accidents, 6,717 annual average, of which 18.5% occurred in people aged 60 years and over. The predominated deaths were men; the risk of dying was 32.15 per hundred thousand people in this age range, with double risk of dying those under 60 years. CONCLUSIONS The young population has a higher proportion of deaths, but those over 60 years are at increased risk of death, leading to the need to turn our gaze to the improvement of road infrastructure and standards, to educate the population in self-care and compliance with safety measures and prepare society for an ever more adult population, more numerous and more prone to take risks.

scholarly journals Sport-related concussions

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica Natuline Ianof ◽  
Fabio Rios Freire ◽  
Vanessa Tomé Gonçalves Calado ◽  
Juliana Rhein Lacerda ◽  
Fernanda Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
American Football ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Biomechanical Forces ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of lifelong disability and death worldwide. Sport-related traumatic brain injury is an important public health concern. The purpose of this review was to highlight the importance of sport-related concussions. Concussion refers to a transient alteration in consciousness induced by external biomechanical forces transmitted directly or indirectly to the brain. It is a common, although most likely underreported, condition. Contact sports such as American football, rugby, soccer, boxing, basketball and hockey are associated with a relatively high prevalence of concussion. Various factors may be associated with a greater risk of sport-related concussion, such as age, sex, sport played, level of sport played and equipment used. Physical complaints (headache, fatigue, dizziness), behavioral changes (depression, anxiety, irritability) and cognitive impairment are very common after a concussion. The risk of premature return to activities includes the prolongation of post-concussive symptoms and increased risk of concussion recurrence.

scholarly journals Use of seroprevalence to guide dengue vaccination plans for older adults in a dengue non-endemic country

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. e0009312
Author(s):  
Yi-Hua Pan ◽  
Mei-Ying Liao ◽  
Yu-Wen Chien ◽  
Tzong-Shiann Ho ◽  
Hui-Ying Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Denv Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Southern Taiwan ◽  
Older Populations ◽  
Age Range

A shift in dengue cases toward the adult population, accompanied by an increased risk of severe cases of dengue in the elderly, has created an important emerging issue in the past decade. To understand the level of past DENV infection among older adults after a large dengue outbreak occurred in southern Taiwan in 2015, we screened 1498 and 2603 serum samples from healthy residents aged ≥ 40 years in Kaohsiung City and Tainan City, respectively, to assess the seroprevalence of anti-DENV IgG in 2016. Seropositive samples were verified to exclude cross-reaction from Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), using DENV/JEV-NS1 indirect IgG ELISA. We further identified viral serotypes and secondary DENV infections among positive samples in the two cities. The overall age-standardized seroprevalence of DENV-IgG among participants was 25.77% in Kaohsiung and 11.40% in Tainan, and the seroprevalence was significantly higher in older age groups of both cities. Although the percentages of secondary DENV infection in Kaohsiung and Tainan were very similar (43.09% and 44.76%, respectively), DENV-1 and DENV-2 spanned a wider age range in Kaohsiung, whereas DENV-2 was dominant in Tainan. As very few studies have obtained the serostatus of DENV infection in older adults and the elderly, this study highlights the need for further investigation into antibody status, as well as the safety and efficacy of dengue vaccination in these older populations.

scholarly journals Importance of T Lymphocytes in Brain Injury, Immunodeficiency, and Recovery after Cerebral Ischemia

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa H Brait ◽  
Thiruma V Arumugam ◽  
Grant R Drummond ◽  
Christopher G Sobey
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Lymphocyte Activation ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Subsets Of T Lymphocytes ◽  
The Brain

Following an ischemic stroke, T lymphocytes become activated, infiltrate the brain, and appear to release cytokines and reactive oxygen species to contribute to early inflammation and brain injury. However, some subsets of T lymphocytes may be beneficial even in the early stages after a stroke, and recent evidence suggests that T lymphocytes can also contribute to the repair and regeneration of the brain at later stages. In the hours to days after stroke, T-lymphocyte numbers are then reduced in the blood and in secondary lymphoid organs as part of a ‘stroke-induced immunodeficiency syndrome,’ which is mediated by hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic—pituitary—adrenal axis, resulting in increased risk of infectious complications. Whether or not poststroke T-lymphocyte activation occurs via an antigen-independent process, as opposed to a classical antigen-dependent process, is still controversial. Although considerable recent progress has been made, a better understanding of the roles of the different T-lymphocyte subpopulations and their temporal profile of damage versus repair will help to clarify whether T-lymphocyte targeting may be a viable poststroke therapy for clinical use.

Cerebral Ischemia in Adults with Sickle Cell Disease after First Stroke

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 4088-4088
Author(s):  
Aleshia Nichol Brewer-Lowry ◽  
Michael Spina ◽  
Robert Hynecek ◽  
John J. Strouse
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Mr Angiography ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Introduction People with sickle cell disease (SCD) have a greatly increased risk of silent cerebral infarct (SCI) and ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke compared with the general population. A prospective cohort study of pediatric patients with SCD after first stroke demonstrated recurrent brain injury (SCI and stroke) in 45% of the participants (median follow-up of 5.5 years) despite regular transfusions to maintain a hemoglobin S concentration less than 30%. The rate of recurrent brain injury in adults with SCD with a history of stroke has not been described. Methods This retrospective cohort study identified patients with SCD treated at Johns Hopkins Hospital who were at least 15 years old with a history of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke and at least 2 MRIs of the brain available for interpretation. Two neuroradiologists interpreted and completed a data extraction form for each MRI and, when available, MR angiography. The form included the type of lesion, the number of lesions, the progression of the lesion from previous MRIs, and the presence or absence of cerebral vasculopathy by vessel. Clinical and demographic data were extracted from paper and electronic medical records. All data were entered into Microsoft Access and verified for accuracy. We used Stata Intercooled 12®to calculate descriptive statistics and rates and 95% confidence intervals by exact methods. Results We identified 24 patients (50% male) with a median age of 20 years (IQR 13, 24) at the baseline imaging and 23 (IQR 21, 30) at the time of the most recent imaging. Twenty had sickle cell anemia (HbSS) and 4 had hemoglobin SC disease. At baseline, 23 (96%) had evidence of cerebral ischemic lesions with a median of 8 (IQR 4, 10) lesions and 4 (16%) had global atrophy. Two participants had acute intraparenchymal hemorrhage and one prior hemorrhage with hemosiderin deposition in the brain parenchyma. Of the 20 with interpretable MR angiography, 15 (75%) had cerebral vasculopathy. Median follow-up was 3.3 years (IQR 1.9, 8.7) with a median of 2.5 MRIs obtained during follow-up (IQR 1.5, 4). We identified recurrent ischemic brain injury in 13 (54%) of participants with 17 new SCIs (3 also had enlargement of existing lesions) and 5 overt strokes. The rate of recurrent brain injury was 18 per hundred person-years (95% CI 12, 28). The rate was lower (15 per 100 person-years) in those with cerebral vasculopathy compared with those without cerebral vasculopathy (40 per 100 person-years), but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.12). The rate of new SCI was 14 (95% CI 8.3, 23) and the rate of recurrent ischemic stroke was 4.2 per 100 person-years (95% CI 1.4, 9.8). No participants had new hemorrhagic strokes. Discussion People with SCD and a history of stroke have high rates of recurrent brain ischemia as adolescents and adults. The proportion in this study with recurrent ischemic events was similar to that seen in children and adolescents despite a substantially shorter period of follow-up. This may be secondary to differences in the treatment of adults with SCD and stroke (perhaps lower rates of chronic transfusion therapy), ascertainment bias (adolescents and adults with concerning symptoms for recurrent stroke may be more likely to have follow-up MRIs of the brain), or a continued high rate of recurrent ischemia in this population. Given the high rate of ischemia, regular screening for brain injury should be considered in adults with SCD and a history of stroke. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Turning Difficulty Characteristics of Adults Aged 65 Years or Older

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 1174-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary T Thigpen ◽  
Kathye E Light ◽  
Gwenda L Creel ◽  
Sheryl M Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Total Absence ◽  
Movement Characteristics ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Group Methods ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Background and Purpose. Falls that occur while walking have been associated with an increased risk of hip fracture in elderly people. This study's purpose was to describe movement characteristics in older adults that serve as indicators of difficulty in turning while walking. Subjects. Three groups were assessed: young adults who had no difficulty in turning (age range=20–30 years, n=20) (YNDT group), elderly adults who had no difficulty in turning (age range=65–87 years, n=15) (ENDT group), and elderly adults who had difficulty in turning (age range=69–92 years, n=15) (EDT group). Methods. All subjects were videotaped performing a self-paced 180-degree turn during the Timed “Up & Go” Test. Movement characteristics of each group were identified. Four characteristics were used to identify difficulty in turning: (1) the type of turn, (2) the number of steps taken during the turn, (3) the time taken to accomplish the turn, and (4) staggering during the turn. Results. In general, the EDT group took more steps during the turn and more time to accomplish the turn than the YNDT and ENDT groups did. Although the only turning strategy used by the YNDT group was a pivot type of turn, there was an almost total absence of a pivot type of turn in the EDT group. No differences were found among the groups on the staggering item, yet the EDT group was the only group in which staggering was present. We believe these changes observed in the 4 characteristics only in the EDT group are indicators of difficulty in turning while walking. Conclusion and Discussion. These indicators of difficulty may be useful for the early identification of individuals aged 65 years or older who are having difficulty in turning and may well serve as the basis for the development of a scale for difficulty in turning in older adults. Preliminary findings indicate the need for further study into the reliability, validity, and sensitivity of measurements obtained with such a scale.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document