On the value of a language

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTIAN LEHMANN
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Minority Language ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
The Public ◽  
A Value ◽  
Value Judgements ◽  
The Individual

We live in an age where the extinction of languages has become a topic of discussion in many different circles. Opinions on whether the process should be stopped or considered profitable differ widely even in the field of linguistics, let alone in the public domain. A rational attitude presupposes the recognition that a language may constitute a value for some and that value judgements are controlled by more or less outspoken and divergent interests. In the case of a language, interest is taken in its maintenance (or suppression) at all the levels from the individual via the speech community and the scientific community up to mankind. These interests have to be made explicit before the value of a language can be assessed. Ultimately, such an evaluation must even be confronted with the costs that arise in the maintenance of a minority language or in the revitalization of a dying language.

scholarly journals Kecerdasan Emosional Serta Dampaknya Untuk Kinerja Pegawai Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Dan Penataan Ruang Kota Pematangsiantar

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Sudung Simatupang ◽  
Efendi Efendi
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
A Value ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Positive Effect

<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN">Form of service to the public. is the main task of the citizens of all citizens, because the form of service can be done well, good performance is also needed. Factors that influence performance Then, emotional intelligence can be agreed to control the individual within yourself. </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">The results found that the variable does not require emotional intelligence and the variable called normal distribution with the provisions of the two-way test value&gt; Sig 0.05, which means all variables are normally distributed. Furthermore, the results of the calculation of the path of positive calculation results with a value of Y = 9.885 + 0.805, which means the influence of emotional intelligence increases positive effect on employee performance, as well as the results of tests to answer the hypothesis (t test) shows the tcount data with a value of 10.898 for the variable emotional intelligence&gt; with the results of ttable degree of trust received 1.99773 and the significance level of 0.000 &lt;0.05, the conclusion of this study received an answer from the hypothesis</span></p><pre id="tw-target-text" class="tw-data-text tw-text-large XcVN5d tw-ta" style="unicode-bidi: isolate; font-size: 28px; line-height: 36px; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: none; padding: 2px 0.14em 2px 0px; position: relative; margin: -2px 0px; resize: none; font-family: inherit; overflow: hidden; width: 277px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #222222;" dir="ltr" data-placeholder="Terjemahan"> </pre>

scholarly journals Health as a value and a result of activity: problems and contradictions

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-104
Author(s):  
E. N. Novoselova
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
State University ◽  
Happy Life ◽  
The Public ◽  
A Value ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Real Behavior ◽  
The Individual

According to multiple studies, health holds a key place in the system of life values. Health is the foundation of a happy life and self-realization of the individual. The lack of health bring in serious restrictions on the possibilities of normal life functioning. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, when the entire global population faces risks to their health, values of health and life become ever more important. In contemporary Russia there is a contradiction between the high importance of health and the real behavior aimed at preserving it. The level of awareness of the population about various aspects of their own health and healthy lifestyle is low. The population underestimates the importance of behavioral risk factors, especially those whose lifestyle is far from healthy. The article is based on the analysis of the literature and the latest statistical data. It makes an attempt to comprehend the above-described contradiction, its causes and consequences. It is concluded that the formation of a self-preserving ideology, education of a culture of health and “reload” of the value system in such a way that the value of health becomes more real and is embodied in certain strategies of health-preserving behavior is one of the main tasks facing the state and society today. The methodological basis of the work is the study of the Department of Sociology of Family and Demography of the Faculty of Sociology, Lomonosov Moscow State University “Interregional sociological and demographic study of the values of family and children lifestyle (SEDOZH-2019)” conducted in 2018–2019 and supplemented by data from the Public Opinion Foundation, the All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion, Rosstat and WHO.

scholarly journals Putting the Self in Self-Correction: Findings From the Loss-of-Confidence Project

2021 ◽  
pp. 174569162096410
Author(s):  
Julia M. Rohrer ◽  
Warren Tierney ◽  
Eric L. Uhlmann ◽  
Lisa M. DeBruine ◽  
Tom Heyman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
The Self ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Record ◽  
Scientific Claims ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Ideal

Science is often perceived to be a self-correcting enterprise. In principle, the assessment of scientific claims is supposed to proceed in a cumulative fashion, with the reigning theories of the day progressively approximating truth more accurately over time. In practice, however, cumulative self-correction tends to proceed less efficiently than one might naively suppose. Far from evaluating new evidence dispassionately and infallibly, individual scientists often cling stubbornly to prior findings. Here we explore the dynamics of scientific self-correction at an individual rather than collective level. In 13 written statements, researchers from diverse branches of psychology share why and how they have lost confidence in one of their own published findings. We qualitatively characterize these disclosures and explore their implications. A cross-disciplinary survey suggests that such loss-of-confidence sentiments are surprisingly common among members of the broader scientific population yet rarely become part of the public record. We argue that removing barriers to self-correction at the individual level is imperative if the scientific community as a whole is to achieve the ideal of efficient self-correction.

scholarly journals Una metodología basada en números difusos para la evaluación de criterios evaluables mediante un juicio de valor =A methodology based on fuzzy numbers for the evaluation of evaluable criteria through a value judgment

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
José Luis Fuentes Bargues ◽  
Mª Carmen González Cruz ◽  
Laura Ruíz Álvarez ◽  
Rafael Ernesto Prieto-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
Mathematical Reasoning ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
Value Judgment ◽  
A Value ◽  
Value Judgements ◽  
Subjective Bias ◽  
The Individual

ResumenLa adjudicación de un contrato por parte de una administración pública depende de criterios de adjudicación evaluables mediante fórmulas y de criterios evaluables mediante juicios de valor. Los primeros disponen de fórmulas definidas mientras que los segundos siempre tienen un sesgo subjetivo porque dependen del técnico que realiza la valoración. Con objeto de minimizar las consecuencias de las arbitrariedades o incertidumbres en la evaluación de los criterios evaluables mediante un juicio de valor se puede recurrir a la lógica difusa. La lógica difusa, borrosa o fuzzy es el razonamiento matemático que permite calcular de forma exacta las magnitudes correspondientes a conceptos vagos o situaciones poco previsibles para poder tener control sobre ellas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es desarrollar una metodología que permita a los órganos de contratación la evaluación de los criterios evaluables mediante un juicio de valor mediante la utilización de la lógica difusa.AbstractThe award of a contract by a public administration depends on criteria assessed by formulae and criteria assessed by value judgements. For the former, various predetermined formulae can be employed while for the criteria assessed by value judgements will always contain some subjective bias by the individual who performs the evaluation. In order to minimize the consequences of the arbitrariness or uncertainties in the evaluation of criteria assessed by value judgments is possible to use the fuzzy logic. Diffuse, fuzzy or fuzzy logic is the mathematical reasoning that allows to calculate accurately the magnitudes corresponding to vague concepts or situations that are not very predictable to have control over them. The objective of this paper is to show a methodology which permits to the contracting authority to evaluate the criteria assessed by value judgments through fuzzy numbers.

22. Privacy actions in tort

2021 ◽  
pp. 573-586
Author(s):  
Christian Witting
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Private Information ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Differential Treatment ◽  
European Convention ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Individual

This chapter examines the privacy action in tort. It explains that the tort has its origins in the equitable wrong of breach of confidence. It discusses the gist and elements of this tort and highlights the influence of Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights on the case law. The law now protects against infringements of private information and against infringements upon the seclusion of the individual. This chapter also discusses potential defences, which include consent to the disclosure and the differential treatment of private information in the public domain.

Knowledge as a Public Good and Knowledge as a Commodity

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-51
Author(s):  
Nico Stehr ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
The Public ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Legal Restrictions

In order to shed some light on the issue of public knowledge, particularly scientific and technological knowledge, I will first examine the thesis that incremental in the sense of ‘new’ knowledge is rarely found in the public domain. Additional knowledge mainly produced in the scientific community and by research outside of science tends to be treated as a commodity. The restriction on a wide distribution of new knowledge may be based on a number of factors. I will concentrate on contemporary legal restrictions, especially, modern patenting laws. The second part of my observations deals with some of the complexities linked to the thesis that knowledge is a public good. I conclude with remarks about the link between the ownership of knowledge and social inequality.

scholarly journals Putting the Self in Self-Correction: Findings from the Loss-of-Confidence Project

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Marie Rohrer ◽  
Warren Tierney ◽  
Eric Luis Uhlmann ◽  
Lisa Marie DeBruine ◽  
Tom Heyman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
The Self ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Record ◽  
Scientific Claims ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Ideal

Science is often perceived to be a self-correcting enterprise. In principle, the assessment of scientific claims is supposed to proceed in a cumulative fashion, with the reigning theories of the day progressively approximating truth more accurately over time. In practice, however, cumulative self-correction tends to proceed less efficiently than one might naively suppose. Far from evaluating new evidence dispassionately and infallibly, individual scientists often cling stubbornly to prior findings. Here we explore the dynamics of scientific self-correction at an individual rather than collective level. In thirteen written statements, researchers from diverse branches of psychology share why and how they have lost confidence in a published finding. We qualitatively characterize these disclosures and explore their implications. A cross-disciplinary survey suggests that such loss-of-confidence sentiments are surprisingly common among members of the broader scientific population, yet rarely become part of the public record. We argue that removing barriers to self-correction at the individual level is imperative if the scientific community as a whole is to achieve the ideal of efficient self-correction.

scholarly journals Towards a unified Latin American Natural Products Database: LANaPD

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. FSO468 ◽  
Author(s):  
José L Medina-Franco
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
The Public ◽  
Natural Product Research ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The World

Around the world, the number of compound databases of natural products in the public domain is rising. This is in line with the increasing synergistic combination of natural product research and chemoinformatics. Toward this global endeavor, countries in Latin America are assembling, curating, and analyzing the contents and diversity of natural products available in their geographical regions. In this manuscript we collect and analyze the efforts that countries in Latin America have made so far to build natural product databases. We further encourage the scientific community in particular in Latin America, to continue their efforts to building quality natural product databases and, whenever possible, to make them publicly accessible. It is proposed that all compound collections could be assembled into a unified resource called LANaPD: Latin American Natural Products Database. Opportunities and challenges to build, distribute and maintain LANaPD are also discussed.

scholarly journals Mobbing in the Public Sector: the Case of the Ministry of National Defence of Lithuania and its Institutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
Nijolė Skurdenienė ◽  
Dalia Prakapienė
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Length Of Service ◽  
Value System ◽  
The Public ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Individual ◽  
National Defence

One element of any organization’s success is its organizational culture that manifests itself through the creation of a value system and emphasis on the well-being of employees. In this context, mobbing is a phenomenon understood as psychological stress experienced by individuals at work as a result of certain actions by another person leading to negative consequences for the individual, the organization and society. Given the fact that mobbing in statutory organizations or in organisations involved in their activities has hardly been studied, this article aims to reveal the peculiarities of mobbing in the Ministry of National Defence of Lithuania and its institutions through the organizational environment and employees’ relationships. Two hundred and one participants responded to the questionnaire. It was found that mobbing exists in the Ministry of National Defence and its institutions, but the number of employees experiencing workplace bullying corresponds to the general trend established by scientific research. The results also revealed that mobbing does not depend on the employee’s length of service, it is most commonly expressed through verbal communication and women experience it more often than men. It can be stated that the prevention of mobbing in the institutions under analysis is very weak and conflicts are solved in a time-consuming manner, concentrating only on local measures.

scholarly journals LANaPD: Towards a Unified Latin America Natural Products Database

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José L. Medina-Franco
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
The Public ◽  
Natural Product Research ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The World ◽  
Synergistic Combination

Around the World, the number of compound databases of natural products in the public domain is rising. This is in line with the increasing synergistic combination of natural product research and chemoinformatics. Towards this global endeavor, countries in Latin America are assembling, curating, and analyzing the contents and diversity of natural products available in their geographical regions. In this manuscript we collect and analyze the efforts that countries in Latin America have made so far to build natural product databases. We further encourage the scientific community in particular in Latin America, to continue their efforts to building quality natural product databases and, whenever possible, to make them publicly accessible. It is proposed that all compound collections could be assembled into a unified resource called LANaPD: Latin America Natural Products Database. Opportunities and challenges to build, distribute, and maintain LANaPD are also discussed

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