scholarly journals Interdisciplinarity as a State of Mind: How Can Individuals and Societies Reach It?

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. S76-S84
Author(s):  
Amir Muzur
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
The Individual

The necessity of an interdisciplinary approach to both research and education can today hardly be debated, especially when one thinks of the complexity and dynamics of changes in the human brain and behaviour related to digitalisation and informatisation. Real interdisciplinarity, however, has to be born within the individual, representing a kind of a particular state of mind. To achieve such a goal, reforms of both science and the educational system are needed, broadening the fundamentals of our knowledge. To support and elaborate this thesis, various ideas will be analysed related to one successful example of interdisciplinarity, represented, in the author’s opinion, in the history of development of bioethics.

Jihad as an Individual Duty (farḍ al-ʻayn) in the Ideology of Circassian Sultans (1382–1517)

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-365
Author(s):  
Evgeny I. Zelenev ◽  
Milana Iliushina
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Balanced Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mamluk Period ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Key Aspects

This article is devoted to the study of the development of the theory and practice of jihad during the rule of the Circassian sultans in Egypt and Syria (1382–1517). The purpose of the study is to trace the development of key aspects of jihad, to identify features of its perception in the Mamluk state. An essential feature of the theory of jihad in the Mamluk period is the interpretation of jihad as farḍ al-ʿayn (the individual duty of every Muslim). While studying the theory of jihad, the authors rely on a holistic and balanced approach justified in the papers of M. Bonner and D. Cook and their interpretation of the concept of jihad, which has a centuries-old history of development and a sophisticated, multi-layered set of meanings. Another methodological basis of the present paper was the concept of minimalism and maximalism, developed by Yusef Waghid. The source base for the study of jihad theory is the works of Ibn al-Nahhas (d. 1411), a prominent philosopher of the Mamluk era. The interpretation of jihad as an individual duty of every Muslim, substantiated by Ibn al-Nahhas, was the foundation of the volunteer movement that developed in Egypt and Syria in the 15th century. The doctrine of jihad where the concepts of justice (al-‘adl) and truth (al-ḥaqq) play a key role, was used by the Mamluks and then by the Ottomans as a powerful ideological tool to manipulate the minds of Muslims. The relevance of the study is that the findings are not only true for the Middle Ages but are directly related to the present.

scholarly journals Pharmacognosy and Its Role in the System of Profile Disciplines in Pharmacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2094545
Author(s):  
Lucie Cahlíková ◽  
Marcela Šafratová ◽  
Anna Hošťálková ◽  
Jakub Chlebek ◽  
Daniela Hulcová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational System ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Basic Requirement ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Biogenic Material ◽  
Natural Drugs ◽  
In Silico Methods

The primal discipline from which pharmacy has developed can be considered as pharmacognosy. This review defines pharmacognosy while reflecting on the latest development and discourse about its justifiability in the educational system in pharmaceutical faculties and the history of development of new drugs under the influence of pharmacognosy. The article defines the status quo of the pharmacognosy area, or more precisely its parts (biology, chemistry, production, and technology) and discusses their connections. It underlines the legitimacy of application of natural drugs in therapy, which is undeniable, and proves that whether a new drug was prepared either synthetically or isolated from a natural source is not important. The overview follows the basic requirements of pharmacognosy, especially its methodology (usage of faster and more effective phyto-analytical methods, reverse pharmacology, and reverse pharmacognosy, in silico methods). Pharmacognosy is confronted by three major challenges in the 21st century that can push it significantly forward: ethnopharmacological sources evaluation, evaluation of nutraceuticals, and pharmacognosy of marine organisms. The educational system of universities should correspond to these new demands. However, in some areas the educational system is not prepared to face the challenges of the time. The basic requirement is to adopt a complex attitude to biogenic material and utilize the connections of this complexity in the teaching of modern pharmacy.

Imaging and Flow Cytometry: Competing or Complementary Technologies?

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 608-609
Author(s):  
J.Paul Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Rich History

Introduction This presentation will follow the pathways to convergence of two very complementary technologies - flow cytometry and imaging. Interestingly, each technology has evolved and matured almost exclusively isolated from the other. in the past several years it has become increasingly clear that these technologies are able to deliver complementary solutions and that when combined the end value of each exceeds the sum of the individual components.History of development Flow cytometry has a rich history over the past 40 years. Ironically, as a technology, flow cytometry was almost a consolation prize to its imaging cousins. in fact, it seems that it might only have been because imaging solutions proved to be technologically difficult that flow cytometry not only thrived, but left the imaging field well behind for nearly 20 years. Initial interest in evaluating differences between normal and cancer cells was almost exclusively attempted by imaging techniques.

HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT PORTRAIT GENRE IN UZBEKISTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Bahram Namozov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Art ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Individual Character ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

This article is about developing of portrait genre in fine art and analysis of the masterpiece and except for the individual character of the person in portrait genre, its surrounding and occupation. All the type and genre of fine art tell about person's life. The person always is an important role in art. It is told the story of its appearance, its complex interior, its character, its spirit and its various aspects

HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT OF REPRESENTATIONS ABOUT PERSONAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS OF HUMAN AND CITIZEN

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Тамила Магомедовна Нинциева
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Personal Rights ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Historical Periods

В настоящее время вопросы прав человека и равенства вновь начали широко обсуждаться, привлекая внимание всего общества. В данной статье рассматриваются отдельные этапы становления и развития представлений о личных правах и свободах человека и гражданина в различные исторические периоды. currently, human rights and equality issues have again begun to be widely discussed, attracting the attention of the whole society. this article discusses the individual stages of the formation and development of ideas about personal rights and freedoms of man and citizen in various historical periods.

Can we educate a genius? Deliberations on the margins of the writings of Nietzsche

2017 ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Gurczyńska-Sady
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Education System ◽  
Traditional Education ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Education Process

The article deals with the issue of systemic education. The author asks a classic question of whether traditional education systems should concentrate on students with average abilities or maybe they should foster the most talented ones. Considerations on this subject are conducted with regard to the multi-layered thought of Nietzsche, whose position is so invaluable that in a possible polemic it is situated as an exceptionally radical. Writing down the natural history of mankind, Nietzsche formulates a thesis that the moment of the creation of the first human communities, the moment of the socialisation of man, was extremely unfavourable as far as man’s strength, ability and creativity are concerned. He presents socialisation, which is part of the education process, as beneficial for the community and detrimental to the individual. This situation in the course of history remains the same, which – after the adoption of Nietzschean assumptions – gives cause to adopt a radical position of those who deem the education system unfit to foster outstanding individuals. Nietzsche’s view, in comparison with other views, is so innovative that it considers the inability as genealogically founded. Although the educational system from the point of view of the majority contributes to the emergence of new content, ideas or values, it remains inefficient for individuals of genius.

scholarly journals Pedagogy of the Cubicle

2019 ◽  
pp. 178-183
Author(s):  
Sevgi Türkkan
Keyword(s):  
Educational System ◽  
Architectural Education ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Educational Tools ◽  
The World ◽  
Monastic Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Architectural Competitions ◽  
Rigid Walls

‘Loge’ (cell, cubicle, box, cabinet, compartment, hut) is a spatial typology built to serve often ritualistic, also quotidian practices of physical, social and mental seclusion. From monastic life, to prisons, one can find various examples where voluntarily or involuntarily; isolated cells were used to renounce one’s contact with the outside world in order to incubate contemplation, concentration for individuals. One of the strongest rituals of loge is found in the pedagogic traditions of École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, a seminal model that influenced the history of architectural education in the world. ‘Loges’ were the spatial educational tools invented and used during the architectural competitions, which were central pedagogical and curricular motives of the École’s educational system. The individual cubicles (varied in size in different periods) divided by rigid walls were aligned on a corridor, kept under strict probation by guardians, isolating students physically and socially from the outside world and each other during the periods of architectural competitions.

scholarly journals SEMICENTENARY OF DENTAL EDUCATION IN SAMARA STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
DA A Trunin
Keyword(s):  
Educational System ◽  
Dental Education ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Founding Fathers ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Modern Image

In 2016 the Department of Dentistry (Institute of Dentistry) of Samara State Medical University celebrates its 50th anniversary. During these years, several thousands of qualified dentists have graduated from our university. The article is devoted to the history of development of dental education in Samara State Medical University, to the founding fathers of the Department of Dentistry, and also to the modern image of the Institute of Dentistry of SSMU. Today it is an educational system with well-developed infrastructure that trains future specialists at the highest level.

THE INDIVIDUAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF MOTORIC COMPONENTS OF THE MNEMIC PROCESSING OF INFORMATION BY PILOT-CADETS

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
D. Volkov ◽  
K. Kravchenko ◽  
V. Bilichenko
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Military Institute ◽  
The Military ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Permanent Increase

Unlike many other professions the activity of pilots is conducted under conditions of pretty high risks to perish because ofaccidents, malfunctions and catastrophes. Throughout the history of development of aviation, the overwhelming amount ofaccidents and catastrophes has been connected with the constructive peculiarities of hardware, malfunctions of equipment andthe unreliability of flying devices. Currently, despite the significant process in terms of perfection of aviation hardware, aimed atthe increase of reliability of its exploitation, there’s a permanent increase in human victims and increase in material losses as aresult of accidents and catastrophes. This eventually leads to the fact that specialists address more and more not the issue oftechnical reliability of the flying device, but more about the role of the human factor in terms of security while piloting, and in thisregard special interest is demonstrated to a number of issues that are related to the individual-psychological peculiarities ofbehavior under extreme conditions when performing pilot activities.The article presents the results of an empirical research, that is conducted on the basis of the Kharkiv Ivan Kozhedubnational Air Force university, The Military Institute of the Kyiv Taras Shevchenko University and the The DniepropetrovksNational Oles Honchar University. The empirical research has been conducted with the following: an experimental group – of 32cadets – pilots of the third and the fourth courses, a control group that consisted of cadets from the fourth course (50individuals) and students of the fourth course (50 individuals).In order to conduct that necessary research a number of psycho diagnosis approaches have been selected: the testquestionnaireG. Ajzenka EPI, adapted by A. Schmelevij; the Diagnosis questionnaire “Human-machine”; the approach ofconducting express diagnosis of the peculiarities of the nervesystem based on the psychmotorical indicators E, Ilina (tepingtest);the psychomotoric test “Zero” E, Ilina, adopted by D. Volkov.

The Life History of Performance Anxiety in Japanese Professional Orchestral Players: A Case Series

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Shizuka Sutani ◽  
Taichi Akutsu
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Performance Anxiety ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
Contextual Influences ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

This study investigated the life history of performance anxiety in Japanese orchestral players. Twenty-nine players in a Japanese orchestra completed the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) backstage immediately following a concert. Five players with the longest experience in the orchestra were selected for further data collection. Based on the results of the STAI, the researchers conducted semi-structured interviews to construct the life history of these 5 players in relation to their performance anxiety. In the process of narrative construction, a commentary from a psychiatrist was integrated to examine the underlying personality and ability to cope with the anxiety, as well as the contextual influences in the participants’ life-long learning experiences. Results indicated that the anxiety was present throughout the players’ musical development, from childhood and into professional status. However, their performance anxiety was reduced and transformed over time. The study also revealed that these 5 players tended to experience anxiety when playing with others and in large groups. The subjects tended to consider anxiety as a necessary psychological state-of-mind to maintain a professional level of performance and to deal with the uncertainty of group playing. Finally, the individual players found their own specific methods to reduce anxiety by focusing on musical expression and/or simply by gaining experience. Instead of generalizing the result, this study explored the life history of performance anxiety in this series of individual players in Japan.

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