Genetische Studien an Zwillingen. A. Morphologischer Teil

1957 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shungo Osato ◽  
Isamu Awano
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Body Volume ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Mz Twins

SUMMARYWe have studied, in this work, environmental variability in twins, including the influence of age on the morphological and functional, physical and psychical characteristics.I. Morphological Characteristics1. For anthropometric measurements, most of the measurements of the cranium and of body lenght reveal a relatively high similarity between MZ twins, i. e. a high hereditary conditioning and low environmental influence. Most measurements of body volume and weight indicate instead a wider percentile intra-pair difference in MZ twins, indicating higher environmental susceptibility. Among constitutional indexes, Pignet-Vervaecksche's index appears to undergo the highest hereditary conditioning.2. The heart, the first section of the aorta, the lungs, thorax and stomach were examined radioscopically. Their shapes appeared largely conditioned by heredity. Their measurements (obtained by telefilms) are, in part, conditioned by heredity.3. The vessels of the retina and the capillaries of the skin are also conditioned by heredity.4. Finger and palm ridges clearly show similarity in MZ twins. Examining MZ twins belonging to different age groups we have found that similarity of finger ridges was higher in MZs between 6 and 8 years of age than in later age groups.5. As for blood cells, their size is largely conditioned by heredity, but also highly susceptible to environmental influences. The Hemogram and the Elmonogram of the leucocytes are, to a certain degree, conditioned by heredity. No clear appraisal could be made of the influence of heredity on the blood platelets count and on the reticulocytes.II. Functional Characteristics6. Body function as a whole.

scholarly journals Regional variation in otolith geochemistry of juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in coastal Newfoundland

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 1507-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan R.E. Stanley ◽  
Claudio DiBacco ◽  
Simon R. Thorrold ◽  
Paul V.R. Snelgrove ◽  
Corey J. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Otolith Chemistry ◽  
Geographic Patterns ◽  
Assignment Success ◽  
Scale Classification

We examined spatial variation in otolith geochemistry as a natural tag in juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) to resolve geographic patterns during early life history. Individuals from 54 inshore sites spanned five embayments in eastern Newfoundland. Otolith composition differed at all spatial scales and related inversely to spatial scale. Classification analysis revealed increasing discrimination at coarser spatial scales: site (26%–58%), bay (49%), and coast (76%). Assignment success declined by ∼10% per added site with increasing sampling sites per bay, demonstrating fine-scale (<100 km) variation. When we partitioned environmental variability from observed otolith chemistry using predictive models, assignment success improved by 56%, 14%, and 5% for site, bay, and coast, respectively. Our results demonstrate environmental influence on spatial structure of otolith chemistry and illustrate the importance of resolving baseline variability in otolith chemistry when conducting assignment tests. Collectively, our results describe the potential utility of juvenile otolith composition in evaluating contributions of subpopulations to the Northwest Atlantic cod stock and highlight important limitations imposed by environmental variation at scales less than 100 km.

scholarly journals Necrotic and apoptotic volume changes of red blood cells investigated by low-angle light scattering technique

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor V. Mindukshev ◽  
Vladimir V. Krivoshlyk ◽  
Elena E. Ermolaeva ◽  
Irina A. Dobrylko ◽  
Evgeniy V. Senchenkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Calcium Ionophore ◽  
Scattering Technique ◽  
Rbc Aggregation ◽  
Ammonia Medium ◽  
Very High ◽  
Light Scattering Technique

A low-angle light scattering technique, which has been applied previously to studies of blood platelets and Ehrlich ascite tumor cells, revealed differences in the dynamics of necrotic and apoptotic red blood cell death. Under hypotonic loading or in ammonia medium, red blood cells (RBC) swelled to a critical size (diameter approximately 13μm) prior to hemolysis (necrosis). Under acidic loading, hemolysis occurred with less pronounced swelling of cells (diameter approximately 10μm). Apoptosis induced by a calcium ionophore resulted in initial formation of echinocytes, followed by development of rounded red blood cells with uneven membrane, capable of agglomeration. In such a way, RBC aggregation can precede the final stages of the RBC apoptosis when small cellular fragments are generated. On the basis of erythrograms of the cells hemolysing in ammonia medium, the echinocytic (preapoptotic) and stomatocytic (prenecrotic) RBC were discerned due to the very high resistance of apoptotic RBC to osmotic (ammonia) loading.

scholarly journals 833 A scalable deep learning framework for rapid automated annotation of histologic and morphologic features from large unlabeled pan-cancer H&E datasets

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A874-A874
Author(s):  
David Soong ◽  
David Soong ◽  
David Soong ◽  
Anantharaman Muthuswamy ◽  
Clifton Drew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Solid Tumor ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Digital Pathology ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Learning Framework ◽  
Tumor Types

BackgroundRecent advances in machine learning and digital pathology have enabled a variety of applications including predicting tumor grade and genetic subtypes, quantifying the tumor microenvironment (TME), and identifying prognostic morphological features from H&E whole slide images (WSI). These supervised deep learning models require large quantities of images manually annotated with cellular- and tissue-level details by pathologists, which limits scale and generalizability across cancer types and imaging platforms. Here we propose a semi-supervised deep learning framework that automatically annotates biologically relevant image content from hundreds of solid tumor WSI with minimal pathologist intervention, thus improving quality and speed of analytical workflows aimed at deriving clinically relevant features.MethodsThe dataset consisted of >200 H&E images across >10 solid tumor types (e.g. breast, lung, colorectal, cervical, and urothelial cancers) from advanced disease patients. WSI were first partitioned into small tiles of 128μm for feature extraction using a 50-layer convolutional neural network pre-trained on the ImageNet database. Dimensionality reduction and unsupervised clustering were applied to the resultant embeddings and image clusters were identified with enriched histological and morphological characteristics. A random subset of representative tiles (<0.5% of whole slide tissue areas) from these distinct image clusters was manually reviewed by pathologists and assigned to eight histological and morphological categories: tumor, stroma/connective tissue, necrotic cells, lymphocytes, red blood cells, white blood cells, normal tissue and glass/background. This dataset allowed the development of a multi-label deep neural network to segment morphologically distinct regions and detect/quantify histopathological features in WSI.ResultsAs representative image tiles within each image cluster were morphologically similar, expert pathologists were able to assign annotations to multiple images in parallel, effectively at 150 images/hour. Five-fold cross-validation showed average prediction accuracy of 0.93 [0.8–1.0] and area under the curve of 0.90 [0.8–1.0] over the eight image categories. As an extension of this classifier framework, all whole slide H&E images were segmented and composite lymphocyte, stromal, and necrotic content per patient tumor was derived and correlated with estimates by pathologists (p<0.05).ConclusionsA novel and scalable deep learning framework for annotating and learning H&E features from a large unlabeled WSI dataset across tumor types was developed. This automated approach accurately identified distinct histomorphological features, with significantly reduced labeling time and effort required for pathologists. Further, this classifier framework was extended to annotate regions enriched in lymphocytes, stromal, and necrotic cells – important TME contexture with clinical relevance for patient prognosis and treatment decisions.

scholarly journals REGRESSION ALGORITHMS IN ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOTOR CHARACTERISTICS ON 60-M SPRINT

2019 ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Milica Filipović ◽  
Veroljub Stanković ◽  
Milan Čoh ◽  
Biljana Vitošević ◽  
Dragana Radosavljević
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Explosive Power ◽  
Upper And Lower Extremities ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the present study was to identify the relationship between morphological parameters and motor skills that are important for sprint performance in children aged 8 to 16 years divided into four age groups (U10, U12, U14, U16) in both genders. The sample consisted of two hundred eighty one participant who trained sprinting in various athletic clubs. A prediction set of twenty-five variables for assessing morphological characteristics and motor skills was applied, and the criterion variable was a sprint at 60m. Using multiple correlation, it has been established that a large number of morphological characteristics are statistically significant positive correlation with the sprint, especially the longitudinal variables, while the variables of skinfolds showed a low negative statistical significance in relation to the given criterion. In the field of motor skills, the highest number of positive statistically significant correlations were found in the tests of explosive power of the upper and lower extremities, agility test and horizontal and vertical jump tests. In order to determine which morphological features and motor skills should be applied in sprint running training, we tested related attributes using different algorithms for data mining (LR, M5, KNN, SVM, MLP, RBF). The results suggests that the predictors that we use can continue to be applied with high reliability in assessing sprint performance, but also in the monitoring of the training process in order to profile the better sprint achievements.

scholarly journals Floral Biology and Seed Production in Cultivated North American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius)

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cayetana Schluter ◽  
Zamir K. Punja
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
North American ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
American Ginseng ◽  
Panax Quinquefolius ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Pollination Success ◽  
Pollen Release

Morphological characteristics of flowers, duration of flowering, degree of self-pollination, and extent of berry and seed production in North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) were studied under controlled environmental conditions as well as under field conditions. A comparison was also made between plants of 3 and 4 years of age at two field locations. The duration of flowering was ≈4 weeks and was similar in plants of both age groups grown in the two environments; however, 4-year-old plants produced an average of 40% more flowers (≈100 per plant in total) compared to 3-year-old plants. Flowers were comprised of five greenish-colored petals, five stamens, and an inferior ovary consisting of predominantly two fused carpels and stigmatic lobes. Anthers dehisced in staggered succession within individual flowers, and flowering began with the outermost edge of the umbel and proceeded inwards. At any given time during the 4-week flowering period, ≈10% of the flowers in an umbel had recently opened and were producing pollen. Stigma receptivity was associated with separation of the stigmatic lobes; this occurred at some time after pollen release. Growth of pollen tubes through the style in naturally pollinated flowers was most evident when the stigmatic lobes had separated. The proportion of flowers that developed into mature berries (pollination success rate) was in the range of 41% to 68% for both 3-year-old and 4-year-old plants. However, when the inflorescence was bagged during the flowering period, berry formation was increased by 13% to 21% in 4-year-old plants, depending on location. A majority of the berries (92% to 99%) contained one or two seeds in an almost equal frequency, with the remaining berries containing three seeds. In 4-year-old plants, the frequency of two-seeded berries was increased by ≈13% by bagging the inflorescence. These observations indicate that P. quinquefolius is highly self-fertile and that several physiological and environmental factors can affect seed production.

scholarly journals Study the Oxidative Stress, Some Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in patients with agout at AL-Ramadi city

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 694-701
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Blood Picture ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
And Control

This study aims to study the effect of gout disease on complete blood picture and biochemical parameters and some non-enzymatic antioxidants, some tracing elements and lipid peroxidation ,in outpatients with gout disease at Al-Ramadi Teaching-Hospital ,Al-Razi Hospital and the study duration from Octo.2013-to May 2014.(50) blood samples were collected from patients with age groups (30-80 years) from both sexes (28 males,22 females),a (30) blood samples (15 males,15 females) were collected from normal individuals as a control group with age groups (27-75 years). Hematological measurement showed no significant differences in size compressed blood cells, the percentages in ( 45.15 +4.99 and 46.87+6.30) % in patient and control groups respectively, hemoglobin concentrations were ( 14.04+1.66 and 14.30+1.93) g/l in patient and control groups respectively, total number of red blood cells ( 5.21+0.43 and 5.12 +0.58) 106/mm3 in patient and control groups respectively with(P?0.05) in ESR (21.06+13.47 and 13.37 +7.45) mm/hr in patient and control groups respectively with (P?0.05), the total number of WBCs were recorded (8.96+2.04 and 7.50+1.69)in patient and control groups respectively. Results showed also significant differences (P?0.05) in uric acid levels (7.42+0.76 and 5.62+0.88) mg/dl,malondialdehyde levels were recorded (4.45+0.64 and 3.21+0.86) in patient and control groups

scholarly journals Wild Vigna Legumes: Farmers’ Perceptions, Preferences, and Prospective Uses for Human Exploitation

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Difo Voukang Harouna ◽  
Pavithravani B. Venkataramana ◽  
Athanasia O. Matemu ◽  
Patrick Alois Ndakidemi
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Wild Accession ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Ecological Zone ◽  
Wild Legumes ◽  
Arusha Region

The insufficient food supply due to low agricultural productivity and quality standards is one of the major modern challenges of global agricultural food production. Advances in conventional breeding and crop domestication have begun to mitigate this issue by increasing varieties and generation of stress-resistant traits. Yet, very few species of legumes have been domesticated and perceived as usable food/feed material, while various wild species remain unknown and underexploited despite the critical global food demand. Besides the existence of a few domesticated species, there is a bottleneck challenge of product acceptability by both farmers and consumers. Therefore, this paper explores farmers’ perceptions, preferences, and the possible utilization of some wild Vigna species of legumes toward their domestication and exploitation. Quantitative and qualitative surveys were conducted in a mid-altitude agro-ecological zone (Arusha region) and a high altitude agro-ecological zone (Kilimanjaro region) in Tanzania to obtain the opinions of 150 farmers regarding wild legumes and their uses. The study showed that very few farmers in the Arusha (28%) and Kilimanjaro (26%) regions were aware of wild legumes and their uses. The study further revealed through binary logistic regression analysis that the prior knowledge of wild legumes depended mainly on farmers’ location and not on their gender, age groups, education level, or farming experience. From the experimental plot with 160 accessions of wild Vigna legumes planted and grown up to near complete maturity, 74 accessions of wild Vigna legumes attracted the interest of farmers who proposed various uses for each wild accession. A Χ2 test (likelihood ratio test) revealed that the selection of preferred accessions depended on the farmers’ gender, location, and farming experience. Based on their morphological characteristics (leaves, pods, seeds, and general appearance), farmers perceived wild Vigna legumes as potentially useful resources that need the attention of researchers. Specifically, wild Vigna legumes were perceived as human food, animal feed, medicinal plants, soil enrichment material, and soil erosion-preventing materials. Therefore, it is necessary for the scientific community to consider these lines of farmers’ suggestions before carrying out further research on agronomic and nutritional characteristics toward the domestication of these alien species for human exploitation and decision settings.

Blood Glutathione and Cysteine Concentrations in Twin Children

2001 ◽  
Vol 226 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin A. Lang ◽  
Adam P. Matheny ◽  
Walter Mastropaolo ◽  
Marcia C. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Twin Study ◽  
Electrochemical Method ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Louisville Twin Study ◽  
Reduced And Oxidized Glutathione ◽  
Twin Children ◽  
Mz Twins

Glutathione and cysteine are major antioxidants in blood that are associated with health and longevity. To ensure their measurement, careful attention to avoid auto-oxidation is necessary to stabilize the samples. Since no report of these compounds has been reported in children, our goal was to determine their levels of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG) and cysteine (Cys and CSSC), To this end, 140 healthy children, ages 2 to 9 years from the Louisville Twin Study were studied. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for GSH, GSSG, Cys, and CSSC by our HPLC dual electrochemical method. The results showed that GSH and total GSH (GSH + GSSG) levels for monozygotic (MZ) twins were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than levels for dizygotic (DZ) twins. However, the opposite occurred for Cys and total Cys (Cys + CSSC) in that the levels were significantly higher for DZ twins than for MZ twins. (P < 0.005-0.013). In spite of this marked difference in zygosity, the withinpair correlations for twin pairs used for estimating heritability suggested that there was a major environmental influence for total GSH and total Cys. Finally. GSH levels were significantly lower for young (2–9 years) children than adults (P < 0.001).

THE PRODUCTION OF PURPURA BY DERIVATIVES OF PNEUMOCOCCUS

1926 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-106
Author(s):  
Hobart A. Reimann ◽  
Louis A. Julianelle
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Severe Anemia ◽  
Marked Diminution ◽  
Derivatives Of

A study has been made of the variation in number of the blood platelets, and the red and white blood cells of white mice injected with pneumococcus extract. The blood platelets were greatly diminished after the injection, the greatest decrease usually occurring after 24 hours. Purpuric lesions usually developed when the number of blood platelets became less than 500,000 per c.mm. Regeneration of the platelets was accomplished by the 4th to the 9th day but there was an overregeneration and the return to normal did not take place until 2 weeks had elapsed. The red cells were also greatly reduced in number, but the rate of their destruction and regeneration was somewhat slower than that of the platelets. The leucocytes were slightly if at all influenced by the pneumococcus extract. Pneumococcus extracts were shown to be thrombolytic and hemolytic. Heat destroyed the activity of both the lysins in vitro. Heated extract produced purpura in mice but did not cause a severe anemia. Extracts adsorbed with either blood platelets or red blood cells showed a marked diminution in their thrombolytic and hemolytic activity in vitro. Such extracts, however, produced purpura as well as severe anemia and thrombopenia in mice.

scholarly journals Determination of haematological and biochemical parameters of Przewalski horses (Equus przewalski) kept by the Prague Zoo

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tomenendalova ◽  
R. Vodicka ◽  
I. Uhrikova ◽  
J. Doubek
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Eosinophilic Granulocytes ◽  
Domestic Horses ◽  
Lower Count

The objective of this study was to determine ranges of haematological and biochemical parameters of Przewalski horses (Equus przewalski) kept in the Czech Republic, to compare the results with data reported for the same species as well as for domestic horses (Equus caballus), and to evaluate differences between both genders and age groups. Stallions showed significantly higher counts of red blood cells and bands, higher levels of total bilirubin and magnesium, and a higher activity of GGT. Higher concentrations of cholesterol, vitamin A and sodium were found in mares. Young animals were characterised by a lower count of eosinophilic granulocytes, a higher activity of ALP and higher concentrations of calcium, inorganic phosphorus, sodium and creatinine. Other differences were not significant. &nbsp;

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