RAGE and Aβ Immunoglobulins: Relation to Alzheimer’s disease-related cognitive function

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 672-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
MEGHAN B. MITCHELL ◽  
JERRY J. BUCCAFUSCO ◽  
ROSANN F. SCHADE ◽  
SCOTT J. WEBSTER ◽  
SHYAMALA MRUTHINTI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Differences ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
Amyloid Aβ ◽  
Language Measures ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe immunoglobulins (IgGs) for beta amyloid (Aβ) and receptors for the advanced glycation end products (RAGE) have previously been shown to be related to memory and language measures in a mixed neurological sample of older adults. In this study, we examined group differences in Aβ and RAGE IgGs, as well as the relationship between both IgGs and cognitive performance in nondiabetic older adults with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We found RAGE and Aβ levels to be elevated in some AD participants, leading to significant AD–control group differences. While there was an overall correlation between both IgG levels and global cognition across all three groups, this relationship was largely attributable to group differences in cognition, highlighted by considerable variability within groups in the relationship between IgG levels and cognition. While findings do not support a consistent relationship between cognition and either IgG, further research with larger samples is needed to better characterize cognitive differences between AD participants with high versus low Aβ and RAGE titers. (JINS, 2010, 16, 672–678.)

MiR-335-5p Inhibits β-Amyloid (Aβ) Accumulation to Attenuate Cognitive Deficits Through Targeting c-jun-N-terminal Kinase 3 in Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Wang ◽  
Zhifu Fei ◽  
Song Luo ◽  
Hai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Amyloid Aβ ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: Alzheimer's disease (AD), also known as senile dementia, is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and personality changes. Numerous evidences have suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis and development of AD. However, the exact role of miR-335-5p in the progression of AD is still not clearly clarified. Methods: The protein and mRNA levels were measured by western blot and RNA extraction and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), respectively. The relationship between miR-335-5p and c-jun-N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3) was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. SH-SY5Y cells were transfected with APP mutant gene to establish the in vitro AD cell model. Flow cytometry and western blot were performed to evaluate cell apoptosis. The APP/PS1 transgenic mice were used as an in vivo AD model. Morris water maze test was performed to assess the effect of miR- 335-5p on the cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Results: The JNK3 mRNA expression and protein levels of JNK3 and β-Amyloid (Aβ) were significantly up-regulated, and the mRNA expression of miR-335-5p was down-regulated in the brain tissues of AD patients. The expression levels of miR-335-5p and JNK3 were significantly inversely correlated. Further, the dual Luciferase assay verified the relationship between miR-335- 5p and JNK3. Overexpression of miR-335-5p significantly decreased the protein levels of JNK3 and Aβ and inhibited apoptosis in SH-SY5Y/APPswe cells, whereas the inhibition of miR-335-5p obtained the opposite results. Moreover, the overexpression of miR-335-5p remarkably improved the cognitive abilities of APP/PS1 mice. Conclusion: The results revealed that the increased JNK3 expression, negatively regulated by miR-335-5p, may be a potential mechanism that contributes to Aβ accumulation and AD progression, indicating a novel approach for AD treatment.

scholarly journals The Correlations Between Plasma Fibrinogen With Amyloid-Beta and Tau Levels in Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Yu Fan ◽  
Hao-Lun Sun ◽  
Pu-Yang Sun ◽  
Jie-Ming Jian ◽  
Wei-Wei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Amyloid Aβ ◽  
And Gender ◽  
T Tau ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Phosphorylated Tau 181 ◽  
Normal Controls

Recent studies show that fibrinogen plays a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which may be crucial to neurovascular damage and cognitive impairment. However, there are few clinical studies on the relationship between fibrinogen and AD. 59 11C-PiB-PET diagnosed AD patients and 76 age- and gender-matched cognitively normal controls were included to analyze the correlation between plasma β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau levels with fibrinogen levels. 35 AD patients and 76 controls with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were included to further analyze the correlation between CSF Aβ and tau levels with fibrinogen levels. In AD patients, plasma fibrinogen levels were positively correlated with plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels, and negatively correlated with CSF Aβ42 levels. Besides, fibrinogen levels were positively correlated with CSF total tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau-181 (p-tau) levels and positively correlated with the indicators of Aβ deposition in the brain, such as t-tau/Aβ42, p-tau/Aβ42 levels. In normal people, fibrinogen levels lack correlation with Aβ and tau levels in plasma and CSF. This study suggests that plasma fibrinogen levels are positively correlated with Aβ levels in the plasma and brain in AD patients. Fibrinogen may be involved in the pathogenesis of AD.

scholarly journals Aerobic Fitness and Cognition Changes After Exercise Training in Alzheimer's Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Dereck L. Salisbury ◽  
Fang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) currently affects 5.4 million Americans and is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. The mechanism of exercise-induced brain adaptations are not fully understood, but enhanced aerobic fitness has been postulated as an essential physiological mechanism and is beginning to be studied. The purpose of this analysis was to examine the relationship between changes in aerobic fitness and cognition following 6 months of aerobic exercise training in older adults with AD. Methods: Twenty-seven community-dwelling older adults with mild to moderate AD completed a 6-month, 3 times per week, moderate-vigorous intensity cycling exercise program in 2 identical studies using a single-group repeated-measures designs. AD symptoms were measured with the AD Assessment Scale–cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog), while aerobic fitness was assessed by the intermittent shuttle walk test (ISWT) at baseline and 6 months. Pearson's correlation coefficient tests and linear regression were used to assess the relationship between changes in aerobic fitness and cognition. Results: Adjusted for age, the 6-month change in ISWT distance had an inverse relationship with the 6-month change in ADAS-Cog (r = −0.49; P = .01), indicating that enhanced aerobic fitness was associated with improved cognitive changes. Linear regression was statistically significant when adjusted by age (F([2,14] =5.33, P =.01, R2 = .31). Conclusion: Enhanced aerobic fitness may attenuate cognitive decline in persons with mild to moderate AD.

scholarly journals APOE4 status is related to differences in memory-related brain function in asymptomatic older adults: Baseline analysis of the PREVENT-AD task fMRI dataset

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheida Rabipour ◽  
Sricharana Rajagopal ◽  
Elsa Yu ◽  
Stamatoula Pasvanis ◽  
John Breitner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Parental History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spatial Source

AbstractEpisodic memory decline is one of the earliest symptoms of late-onset Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and older adults with the apolipoprotein E e4 (+APOE4) genetic risk factor for AD may exhibit altered patterns of memory-related brain activity years prior to initial symptom onset. In the current study we report the baseline episodic memory task fMRI results from the PRe-symptomatic EValuation of Experimental or Novel Treatments for Alzheimer’s Disease (PREVENT-AD) study in Montreal, Canada, in which 327 healthy older adults, within 15 years of the parent’s conversion to AD, were scanned. During the task fMRI protocol volunteers were scanned as they encoded and retrieved object-location spatial source associations. The task was designed to discriminate between brain activity related to successful spatial source recollection and failures in spatial source recollection, with memory for only item (object) memory. Multivariate task-related partial least squares (task PLS) was used to test the hypothesis that +APOE4 adults with a family history of AD would exhibit altered patterns of brain activity in the recollection-related memory network, comprised of medial frontal, parietal and medial temporal cortices, compared to APOE4 non-carriers (-APOE4). We also tested for group differences in the correlation between event-related brain activity and memory performance in +APOE4 compared to -APOE4 adults using behavioral-PLS (B-PLS). We found group similarities in memory performance and in task-related brain activity in the recollection network. However, the B-PLS results indicated there were group differences in brain activity-behavior correlations in ventral occipito-temporal, medial temporal, and medial prefrontal cortices during episodic encoding. These findings are consistent with previous literature on the influence of APOE4 on brain activity and provide new perspective on potential gene-based differences in brain-behavior relationships in people with parental history of AD. Future research should further investigate the potential to distinguish risk of AD development based on memory performance and associated patterns of brain activity.

Outcome of a Targeted Nutritional Intervention Among Older Adults With Early-Stage Alzheimer’s Disease: The Nutrition Intervention Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 782-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryna Shatenstein ◽  
Marie-Jeanne Kergoat ◽  
Isabelle Reid
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Control Group

A 6-month dietary intervention program was designed for community-dwelling older adults with Alzheimer’s disease. Sixty-seven persons aged 70 years and above were recruited with their caregivers from six hospital memory and geriatric outpatient clinics, and allocated to intervention ( n = 34 dyads) or control group ( n = 33 dyads). Usual diet was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire and current diet by two nonconsecutive diet recalls or records corroborated by caregivers, at recruitment (T1) and exit from the study (T2). Intervention participants received targeted dietary recommendations; control participants received Canada’s Food Guide leaflets. The program was assessed using paired and independent t tests and nonparametric statistics. Fat intakes increased at T2 within intervention participants (54 ± 16 vs. 67 ± 23 g, p = .013), and there was a tendency for higher energy, protein, and calcium intakes at T2 within this group. Proportions with adequate protein intakes almost doubled from T1 to T2 in intervention group women ( p = .028) but decreased in female controls ( p = .030). Longer follow-up is necessary to determine persistence of benefits.

scholarly journals Neuropsychological Test Performance and Cognitive Reserve in Healthy Aging and the Alzheimer's Disease Spectrum: A Theoretically Driven Factor Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1071-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan B. Mitchell ◽  
Lynn W. Shaughnessy ◽  
Steven D. Shirk ◽  
Frances M. Yang ◽  
Alireza Atri
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Control Group

AbstractAccurate measurement of cognitive function is critical for understanding the disease course of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Detecting cognitive change over time can be confounded by level of premorbid intellectual function or cognitive reserve and lead to under- or over-diagnosis of cognitive impairment and AD. Statistical models of cognitive performance that include cognitive reserve can improve sensitivity to change and clinical efficacy. We used confirmatory factor analysis to test a four-factor model composed of memory/language, processing speed/executive function, attention, and cognitive reserve factors in a group of cognitively healthy older adults and a group of participants along the spectrum of amnestic mild cognitive impairment to AD (aMCI-AD). The model showed excellent fit for the control group (χ2 = 100; df = 78; CFI = .962; RMSEA = .049) and adequate fit for the aMCI-AD group (χ2 = 1750; df = 78; CFI = .932; RMSEA = .085). Although strict invariance criteria were not met, invariance testing to determine if factor structures are similar across groups yielded acceptable absolute model fits and provide evidence in support of configural, metric, and scalar invariance. These results provide further support for the construct validity of cognitive reserve in healthy and memory impaired older adults. (JINS, 2012, 18, 1–10)

scholarly journals Posturographic analysis of older adults without dementia and patients with Alzheimer’s disease: A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Sant’Anna ◽  
Felipe de Oliveira Silva ◽  
Ana Carolina de Mello Alves Rodrigues ◽  
Jéssica Plácido ◽  
José Vinicius Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Global Cognition ◽  
Elliptical Area ◽  
Total Velocity

ABSTRACT. Additional clinical tools should be investigated to facilitate and aid the early diagnosis of cognitive decline. Postural control worsens with aging and this may be related to pathological cognitive impairment. Objective: to compare the balance of older adults without dementia in a control group (CG) and with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), to observe the possible association with the independent variables (diagnosis, age, gender, and global cognition) and to verify the best posturographic analyses to determine the difference between the groups. Methods: 86 older adults (AD = 48; CG = 38) were evaluated using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and postural control was assessed by stabilometry on the Wii Balance Board ® (WBB). Independent T, Mann-Whitney U-tests, Effect Size (ES) and a linear regression were performed. Results: there was a significant difference for Elliptical Area, Total Velocity, Medio-Lateral displacements with closed eyes and open eyes, antero-posterior, with closed eyes and BBS between groups. These variables showed a large effect size for BBS (-1.02), Elliptical Area (0.83) with closed eyes, Medio-Lateral (0.80, 0.96) and Total Velocity (0.92; 1.10) with eyes open and eyes closed, respectively. Regression indicated global cognition accompanied by age, gender, and diagnosis influenced postural control. Conclusion: patients with AD showed impaired postural control compared to Control Group subjects. Total Velocity with closed eyes was the most sensitive parameter for differentiating groups and should be better investigated as a possible motor biomarker of dementia in posturographic analysis with WBB.

Effects of Functional-Task Training on Older Adults With Alzheimer’s Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata V. Pedroso ◽  
Carlos Ayán ◽  
Francisco J. Fraga ◽  
Thays M.V. da Silva ◽  
José M. Cancela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Fitness ◽  
Task Training ◽  
Social Gathering ◽  
Functional Task

The aim of this study was to verify the effects of functional-task training on cognitive function, activities of daily living (ADL) performance, and functional fitness in community-dwelling older adults with diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A total of 57 participants (22 functional-task training group [FTG], 21 social gathering group [SGG], 14 control group [CG]) were recruited. Participants in both intervention groups carried out three 1-hr sessions per week of a functional-task program and social gathering activities for 12 weeks. Significant improvements were observed in executive functions (TMT, t-test, p = .03) in the SGG and in upper limb strength (arm curl, t-test, p = .01) in the FTG. Functional-task training has no significant effect on cognitive function, ADL, and functional fitness among people with AD, although it may contribute to slowing down the process of deterioration this illness causes.

scholarly journals Self-Perceptions of Driving Ability in Older Adults With and Without Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 165-166
Author(s):  
Rebecca Davis ◽  
Megan Owens
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Driving Ability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Driving Frequency ◽  
Driving Behaviors ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Abstract A concern for families and persons with dementia is determining when driving cessation is necessary. Older adults often modify driving behaviors as they age due to self-perception of a decline in their abilities. However, it is not known how persons with Alzheimer’s disease modify driving behaviors. The purpose of this study was to determine difference in how similarly aged persons with and without Alzheimer’s disease perceive their driving behaviors and modify them. Data were collected for 48 persons with early stage AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD; and 53 similarly aged older adults without cognitive diagnoses, using a survey on driving frequency, habits, and wayfinding ability. Chi-square analysis was used to determine any statistically significant differences in reported driving habits and difficulties between the study groups. Results from the analysis showed that the majority of the sample was still driving (n=81, 83%). Persons with AD/MCI (n=33, 73%) were less likely to be driving than the control group (n=48, 91%). Of those who were still driving, those with AD/MCI were more likely to limit driving frequency, avoid driving alone and in unfamiliar routes. Worries about getting lost were more frequently noted in those with AD/MCI. The AD group was more likely to make modifications to their driving such as limiting driving to daylight hours and not driving alone. These important results indicate persons with early stage AD/MCI may have self-awareness about driving impairments and make modifications to their driving habits that may increase their driving safety.

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