scholarly journals War, State-Building, and International Connections in Nationalist China

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
Helena F. S. Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
English Language ◽  
State Building ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Doctoral Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Research ◽  
War Of Resistance ◽  
The Impact

In a recent survey of modern China, historian Rana Mitter noted: “The war between China and Japan may have been the single most important event to shape twentieth-century China”. This perspective hasn't been around for very long. The relevance of China's War of Resistance against Japan (KangRi zhanzheng) has been revaluated by historians in recent years, a prime example of this being Mitter's book on the subject and the work of Hans van de Ven. For years, the victory of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1949 was crystallised into a crucial turning point and the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party/KMT) was seen as corrupt and ineffective, as epitomised by Lloyd Eastman's studies. Eastman's verdict is not entirely contradicted by some of the new scholarship, although important revisionist works have led to a reassessment of the KMT state-building efforts, in particular during their pre-war decade in power, the so-called Nanjing decade (1927–1937). Although the ‘rediscovery’ of the war came later in the English-language than it did in Chinese, it is undeniable that recent years have seen a growing interest in the period, both in academia and in popular culture. The three monographs under review here are, in many ways, illustrative of the best new research on the conflict. They provide comprehensive insight on the impact of the war on the Nationalists' state-building efforts in fiscal policy, propaganda, and justice. All are first monographs, springing from meticulous doctoral and post-doctoral research anchored on a plethora of new primary sources. They make important contributions to our understanding of the impact of the war in China, as well as to economic history, media studies, and legal history more broadly.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Yan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Military History ◽  
State Building ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Mass Mobilization ◽  
Military Academy ◽  
The People ◽  
Chinese Military ◽  
Communist Revolution

The introduction first provides a historical background for the book during the period from the 1924 establishment of the Whampoa Military Academy to the 1945 end of the Second Sino-Japanese War. Xu goes on to introduce the major themes that the book aims to engage with, namely state-building and state-society relations in modern China, war and soldiers in Chinese military history and literature, as well as social emotion and mass mobilization in the Chinese Communist Revolution. Xu argues in the introduction that her book focuses on both social and cultural impacts of war in order to treat war as a cultural event for the people it influences rather than simply an analysis of politics and strategy. Xu ends this section by introducing the chapter structure and primary sources of the book.

scholarly journals Ecclesia Reformata semper Reformanda: A convergent approach to science and theology may reinforce Scriptural authority

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andr� C. Pieterse
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
Continuous Interaction ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Science And Theology ◽  
Convergent Approach ◽  
New Research ◽  
Use Of Knowledge ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this article is to debate the relationship between a convergent approach to the sciences and Scriptural authority. The thesis is that a multi-disciplinary convergent methodology may be beneficial in the current apologetical debate about the relevance of Scripture. This line of thought is also in compliance with the ideals of the protestant reformation. We will assess this view by investigating the possible consonance between scientific perspectives and theological confessions of what it means to be human. Subsequently the focus will shift to the impact consonance might have on the different interpretations of the creation narratives in Genesis. In conclusion, we will state the case for a convergent approach to the sciences, and the benefits with regard to Scriptural authority.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This study would not have been possible without extensive intradisciplinary and interdisciplinary research. The subject matter imposes on the researcher the necessity to make use of knowledge from across the theological spectrum. It compels the various subjects within the theological encyclopedia to take note of any new research and incorporate it. In addition, it dispels the myth that natural science and theology have little in common. From a holistic perspective on creation the need for continuous interaction between the sciences is imperative.

The Use of Biomedical Periodical Literature at the National Lending Library for Science and Technology

1970 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 46-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Wood ◽  
C. A. Bower
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Periodical Literature ◽  
Lending Library ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Language Characteristics ◽  
One Year ◽  
Biomedical Publications ◽  
The Uk

The paper reports the results of a two week questionnaire survey of the use of biomedical periodical literature carried out at the UK National Lending Library in February 1969. The survey was designed to discover the subject, date and language characteristics of the borrowed literature, the most frequently requested journals, and the most popular sources of-references to biomedical publications.The loans were spread over 1,084 titles, although 9 per cent of the issues involved only 2 per cent of the titles. The literature in most demand was less than one year old and in the case of medicine 50 per cent of the requests were for literature less than 3½ years old. The half-life for the biological literature was somewhat longer at 5¾ years. The majority of issues (87.8 per cent) involved English language periodicals.Overall, the principal sources of references to the requested literature were citation lists in other periodical articles. Regarding the more recent literature, however, abstracting and indexing journals were the primary sources of information. For medical references Index Medicus was the most used indexing publication, and for biological references Current Contents.

An evaluation of information sources for current awareness on occupational diseases

1986 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 247-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive Price ◽  
Rosemary A. Burley
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
English Language ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Selection Of

An evaluative study of a selection of primary and sec ondary information sources of potential use for current aware ness in the field of occupational diseases is presented. This study identifies the more important English language primary sources of occupational diseases research information. Re search studies in the field of occupational diseases, however, are scattered widely in the medical literature. This study com pares the usefulness of a variety of secondary sources as current awareness tools for bringing together this widely scattered information. Several secondary sources are useful but, despite considerable overlap between these sources, no single source provides comprehensive coverage of the subject field. Scanning of a number of primary sources together with several secondary sources is recommended as the best means of keeping abreast of the latest research information in this subject area.

The Great Depression and Indian Industry: Changing Interpretations and Changing Perceptions

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Great Depression ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Third World ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The Impact

To what extent was the underdeveloped world caught up in the vortex of the Great Depression? Did the crisis of 1929–33 leave a particular imprint upon the course of the economic history of the Third World during the inter-war period? Can the years spanning this quinquennium be fairly regarded as constituting a distinctive phase within the broader perspective of much longer-run trends? These questions, together with a whole host of related issues concerning the experience of particular areas, communities and industries, have recently been brought into much sharper focus than has hitherto been so. Although this reawakening of concern can be partly put down to the usual workings of the ‘scholarly cycle’, a far more satisfactory explanation may be found in relating it to the current round of public and academic discussion on the impact of the present-day depression. It is surely no coincidence that since the late 1970s there has been a considerable upsurge of interest in the events of that time; indeed it would not be too much of an exaggeration to say that the subject is forcing its way up the agenda of research priorities at a rate that would have been unthinkable even a decade ago. Over the last few years an increasing number of scholars have been busily engaged in the twin task of purposively re-examiningand reassessing a segment of intellectual territory that was once taken very much for granted and virtually shunted off to the sidelines. Thus by the end of 1986 at least three major international conferences will have been convened on the subject, and no less than fifty separate papers will have been presented.

scholarly journals Understanding Technological Unemployment: A Review of Causes, Consequences, and Solutions

Societies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Yuri Lima ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Barbosa ◽  
Herbert Salazar dos Santos ◽  
Jano Moreira de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Technological Unemployment ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Impact

Many studies have focused on estimating the impact of automation on work around the world with results ranging widely. Despite the disagreement about the level of impact that automation will have, experts agree that new technologies tend to be applied to every economic sector, thus impacting work regardless of substituting or complementing it. The purpose of this study is to move on from the discussion about the size of the impact of automation to understanding the main social impacts that automation will cause and what actions should be taken to deal with them. For this purpose, we reviewed literature about technological unemployment found in Scopus and Web of Science published since 2000, presenting an academic view of the actions necessary to deal with the social impact of automation. Our results summarize causes, consequences, and solutions for the technological unemployment found in the literature. We also found that the literature is mainly concentrated on the areas of economy, sociology, and philosophy, with the authors situated in developed economies such as the USA, Europe, and New Zealand. Finally, we present the research agenda proposed by the reviewed papers that could motivate new research on the subject.

Population and Resources

1968 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-52
Author(s):  
P. R. Cox ◽  
C. J. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
General Character ◽  
The Past ◽  
Original Intention ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Research

The attention of actuaries was directed to problems of population and resources in part of a paper read to the Institute in 1956. The general character of these problems has not changed during the past eleven years. Our understanding of the matters at issue has become deeper, however, as the result of new research. One way and another, a great deal has been written on the subject—sometimes revealing less about population than about the writer's philosophy or beliefs. In the English language alone, several hundred new references have been added to the list in recent years, and many of these have been read by the authors, whose original intention was to write a critical review of the latest literature. Recent writings are so diversified over a wide area of inquiry, however, that sharp disagreements are relatively few. In these circumstances, an expository treatment seems more appropriate than a critical appreciation of controversies, though ranges of views on particular topics can be discussed.

scholarly journals The impact of communication skills as a subject in the programme Cost and management accounting at the Durban University of Technology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Suntharmurthy Kristnasamy Naidoo
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
English Language ◽  
Management Accounting ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Esl Students ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this research is to evaluate the communication proficiency of students studying Cost and Management Accounting (CMA) and to assess whether the subject communication, as a course, is having any positive influence on students who are lacking critical thinking and literacy skills. It is necessary to analyse the factors affecting communication because of the diversity of the Durban University of Technology (DUT) students coming from different cultural, ethnic and geographic backgrounds before evaluating the communication proficiency of students. The field of accounting is broadly quantitative in nature, but Management Accounting, although a branch of this broad knowledge is more qualitative in nature. Data analysis, report writing and decision making are fundamental to Management Accounting. The target population for the study was CMA students. This population entails students enrolled for the first time in 2007 and current second and third year students. It was necessary to follow the progress of the 2007 cohort of students to establish whether students were achieving their qualification within the specified three year period as required by the CMA course and whether communication skills were an issue if they were unsuccessful. The objective to include second and third year students registered in the Department of Management Accounting at DUT in 2012 was to acquire current and pertinent information with regard to student perception on the subject relating to communication skills. An analytical type of research approach was used to conduct the study and quantitative data was collected using questionnaires and computer reports to gain an insight into the impact of communication skills as a subject in the CMA programme. The study confirmed that gender and the location of schools played a role in the academic performance of students. The overall performance between the genders revealed that female students performing slightly better than their male counterparts. English First Language (EFL) female students demonstrated much better academic performance than the EFL male students. Irrespective of language differences, if a student had an aptitude and performed well in the English Language at grade 12 or matric, the student has a better chance of being more successful with the CMA programme The number of EFL and English Second Language (ESL) students acknowledging that the English language affected them in obtaining better grades in CMA was fifty one per cent. Since the second and third year CMA students perceive that their lecturers were unaware of their poor understanding of the English language after completing the subject Communication Skills in the first year of study indicates that the subject is not having the desired affect. Both EFL and ESL students also acknowledged the vital role that Communication Skills play in education, social and economic development. This study, inter alia, recommends a screening of new students for English proficiency and providing academic support for students who have problem with literacy skills. It also recommends increasing the subject content of Communication Skills and extending the duration from one semester to two semesters.

scholarly journals Historiographic approaches and methods of sociological science

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
V. G. Gorodyanenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Research Orientation ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sociological Thought ◽  
The Impact

The article presents various approaches and methods of historiographic research, shows the interrelation between history and historiography. The works depicting the historiographic analysis of important sociological categories and concepts are singled out. The subject, methods and tasks of historiographic studies of the knowledge of sociological science are characterized. Types and varieties of historiographic sources are indicated. The article definitely starts the sociological direction in historiography, highlights the degree of study of historiographic and source research problems. The historiography of sociological science is defined as a branch of knowledge that studies the history of accumulation of sociological knowledge, the development of sociological thought and research methodology, the history of the creation of sociological works and biographies of scientists, the influence of sociopolitical life phenomena on the work of sociologists and the impact of sociological thought on public consciousness, the history of scientific institutions , organization of sociological education and dissemination of sociological knowledge.Attention is drawn to the experience of one of the most famous and influential historiographic schools of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries – the Klyuchevsky school. This school carried out a synthesis of history and sociology. Revising the conceptual tools of knowledge of the past, which the preceding historiography had, he largely shaped the subject and method of national history in a new way, focusing on analyzing the evolution of the social structure of society, researching social and economic processes, rather than describing outstanding events. Due to this, the emphasis from political and legal history was shifted to the socio-economic history. This research orientation had a clear humanistic orientation, as it brought historical research closer to the person in his social environment.The historiography of the sociological approach in the microdynamic studies of J. Turner is described, which reflects the nature and direction of theoretical studies, which are distinguished by an orientation towards active theoretical and multilateral conceptual synthesis. Attention is drawn to the fact that the very fact of developing a theory of this type testifies to the nature of the unfolding of theoretical perspectives in modern sociology. T. Kuhn’s role in the development of historiographic research is shown. In particular, the historiography and sociological aspect of Kuhn’s theory is that various episodes in the development of historiography of sociological science contribute to reconstructing the historical process of sociology, revealing its beginnings and ends, and bridging the gap between sociological theorists and social practices.

Twenty-First Century Issues Impacting Turnover of IT Professionals

2018 ◽  
pp. 29-62
Author(s):  
Valerie Ford ◽  
Susan Swayze
Keyword(s):  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
First Century ◽  
It Professionals ◽  
Job Stressors ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Organizational Stressors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Impact

Identifying the precursors of turnover has been the subject of examination for the past four decades. IT professionals are a critical group of employees in the current knowledge-driven economy, and as such, they experience unique job stressors. This chapter explores recent research on the organizational stressors that influence IT turnover intentions. The goal is to provide insights on how organizations can begin to stem burnout, turnover intentions, and eventual turnover while improving work-related wellbeing. A revised model of work-related wellbeing is also presented in this chapter. Another objective is to discuss current issues in the IT domain and provide new research directions. New research for the IT turnover literature will provide information to scholars and practitioners on how they might improve and alleviate the impact of turnover on organizations.

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