Psycho-analysis, Human Nature and Human Conduct

1974 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 99-120
Author(s):  
Ian Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Analytic Theory ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Philosophical Debate ◽  
Complex Problems ◽  
Human Conduct ◽  
The Future

There is, I gloomily suspect, little which is significantly new that remain to be said about psycho-analysis by philosophers. The almost profligate theorising that goes on within the psycho-analytic journals will, no doubt, continue unabated. It simply strikes me as unlikely that such theorising will generate further issues of the kind that excite the philosophical mind. Though in making such an observation, I recognise that I lay claim upon the future in a manner that many might believe to be unwise. The place of psycho-analysis upon the intellectual map, the implications that psycho-analytic theory and practice have for the various kinds of judgements that we make about human behaviour, have been exhaustively discussed in recent times. Rather more specifically, whether psycho-analysis should be accorded the dignity of being labelled a ‘science’, what the significance is of psycho-analysis for those complex problems bounded by the notions of Reason, Freedom, Motivation, have occasioned much fruitful philosophical debate. It is not any wish of mine to add to the literature on these problems in the forlorn hope that even slightly different answers might be forthcoming.

Psycho-analysis, Human Nature and Human Conduct

1974 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 99-120
Author(s):  
Ian Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Analytic Theory ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Philosophical Debate ◽  
Complex Problems ◽  
Human Conduct ◽  
The Future

There is, I gloomily suspect, little which is significantly new that remain to be said about psycho-analysis by philosophers. The almost profligate theorising that goes on within the psycho-analytic journals will, no doubt, continue unabated. It simply strikes me as unlikely that such theorising will generate further issues of the kind that excite the philosophical mind. Though in making such an observation, I recognise that I lay claim upon the future in a manner that many might believe to be unwise. The place of psycho-analysis upon the intellectual map, the implications that psycho-analytic theory and practice have for the various kinds of judgements that we make about human behaviour, have been exhaustively discussed in recent times. Rather more specifically, whether psycho-analysis should be accorded the dignity of being labelled a ‘science’, what the significance is of psycho-analysis for those complex problems bounded by the notions of Reason, Freedom, Motivation, have occasioned much fruitful philosophical debate. It is not any wish of mine to add to the literature on these problems in the forlorn hope that even slightly different answers might be forthcoming.

The Nature of Degrowth: Theorising the Core of Nature for the Degrowth Movement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasi Heikkurinen
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Culturally Sensitive ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Radical Reduction ◽  
Nature Experience ◽  
Matter Energy

This article investigates human–nature relations in the light of the recent call for degrowth, a radical reduction of matter–energy throughput in over-producing and over-consuming cultures. It outlines a culturally sensitive response to a (conceived) paradox where humans embedded in nature experience alienation and estrangement from it. The article finds that if nature has a core, then the experienced distance makes sense. To describe the core of nature, three temporal lenses are employed: the core of nature as ‘the past’, ‘the future’, and ‘the present’. It is proposed that while the degrowth movement should be inclusive of temporal perspectives, the lens of the present should be emphasised to balance out the prevailing romanticism and futurism in the theory and practice of degrowth.

Human Nature

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Dupré
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Biological Theory ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Standard Account ◽  
Important Concept ◽  
Process Perspective ◽  
Unpredictable Environment

This sketch of an account of human nature begins with the claim that we should see humans as a kind of process, a life cycle, rather than as a kind of substance or thing. A particular advantage of such a process perspective is that it readily accommodates the developmental plasticity that has been an increasingly important concept in recent biological theory. Human behaviour, on this account, should be understood as providing adaptive and flexible responses to an unpredictable environment. It is, therefore, generally misguided to provide a standard account of human nature in terms of behaviour or behavioural dispositions. If there is such a thing as human nature, it is a uniquely refined propensity for novel and unpredictable behaviour.

La Bête humaine

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Émile Zola
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Second Empire ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Context ◽  
The Future

Did possessing and killing amount to the same thing deep within the dark recesses of the human beast? La Bete humaine (1890), is one of Zola’s most violent and explicit works. On one level a tale of murder, passion and possession, it is also a compassionate study of individuals derailed by atavistic forces beyond their control. Zola considered this his ‘most finely worked’ novel, and in it he powerfully evokes life at the end of the Second Empire in France, where society seemed to be hurtling into the future like the new locomotives and railways it was building. While expressing the hope that human nature evolves through education and gradually frees itself of the burden of inherited evil, he is constantly reminding us that under the veneer of technological progress there remains, always, the beast within. This new translation captures Zola's fast-paced yet deliberately dispassionate style, while the introduction and detailed notes place the novel in its social, historical, and literary context.

scholarly journals The Governance of Covid-19: Anthropogenic Risk, Evolutionary Learning, and the Future of the Social State

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-594
Author(s):  
Simon Deakin ◽  
Gaofeng Meng
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
State Of Exception ◽  
External Shocks ◽  
Feedback Effects ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Face ◽  
Anthropogenic Risks ◽  
Industrialised Countries

Abstract We consider the implications of the Covid-19 crisis for the theory and practice of governance. We define ‘governance’ as the process through which, in the case of a given entity or polity, resources are allocated, decisions made and policies implemented, with a view to ensuring the effectiveness of its operations in the face of risks in its environment. Core to this, we argue, is the organisation of knowledge through public institutions, including the legal system. Covid-19 poses a particular type of ‘Anthropogenic’ risk, which arises when organised human activity triggers feedback effects from the natural environment. As such it requires the concerted mobilisation of knowledge and a directed response from governments and international agencies. In this context, neoliberal theories and practices, which emphasise the self-adjusting properties of systems of governance in response to external shocks, are going to be put to the test. In states’ varied responses to Covid-19 to date, it is already possible to observe some trends. One of them is the widespread mischaracterisation of the measures taken to address the epidemic at the point of its emergence in the Chinese city of Wuhan in January and February 2020. Public health measures of this kind, rather than constituting a ‘state of exception’ in which legality is set aside, are informed by practices which originated in the welfare or social states of industrialised countries, and which were successful in achieving a ‘mortality revolution’ in the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Relearning this history would seem to be essential for the future control of pandemics and other Anthropogenic risks.

Society Needs Morality

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-117
Author(s):  
Robert A. Hinde
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
The Future ◽  
Current Reality

Morality must be resurrected in our societies. It must be a morality whose nature and sources are understood and are in keeping with current reality. Hitherto, morality has been seen as closely related to religion. That religious belief is helpful to many is indisputable, but religious narratives, treated literally, are unacceptable to modern minds, and the supposed nature of God, as discussed by sophisticated theologians, is inaccessible to everyman. Morality, based on an understanding of human nature as shaped by culture, offers hope for the future.

Basic models of human-centrist, polyspiral, sustainable development of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Valery Borzunov
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
External Control ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Status ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Definition Of

Subject of study. A set of relations that are formed in the process of determining models of sustainable development of Ukraine and the principles of designing the economy of the future. Purpose of the article: research of the main directions of sustainable development of Ukraine and the formation of principles of strategy. Research methodology. Scientific novelty of the work, the theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the system of both general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge, the fundamental provisions of modern economic theory and practice. The proposed methodology of a system-integrated approach to the formation of basic models of man-centered, multispiral, sustainable development of Ukraine. As integrity in the organic unity of the prevailing prerequisites for the formation of the principles of strategizing. Scientific novelty lies in the definition of models for sustainable development of Ukraine and the principles of designing the economy of the future. Results of the work – the applied use of scientific results of improved approaches for the development and implementation of a strategy for human- centered, polyspiral, sustainable development is proposed. Conclusions. For 30 years of independence, Ukraine has turned from an industrially developed country into a backward and poorest country in Europe with an economy of lagging growth, the status of a «buffer zone» of geopolitical conflict on its territory and external control. To maintain sovereignty, ensure the country's competitiveness in the context of the transition to new technological paradigms and the quality of life of the population, at least at the average level for the EU countries, Ukraine needs to change course, develop and implement the «Strategy of human-centrist, multi-spiral, sustainable development».

Surplus: Two Hundred Years of Actuarial Advance

1962 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 19-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Cox ◽  
R. H. Storr-Best
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Public ◽  
Life Assurance ◽  
Pension Schemes ◽  
The Future ◽  
Social Scene ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
The Times ◽  
Historical Developments

SynopsisThe paper is in the nature of a summary of the authors' book “Surplus in British Life Assurance—Actuarial Control over its Emergence and Distribution during 200 Years”. Copies may be purchased direct from the Institute of Actuaries (price 17s. 6d.). Members and Students of the Faculty may obtain a copy for personal use at the reduced price of 11s. post free. It begins with a survey of the principal factors that have influenced the development of theory and practice in regard to surplus throughout the years. It describes the manner in which surplus first arose in scientific life assurance, and traces how this and other historical developments have had an important effect both in the early days and later as a valid standard of equity was gradually evolved. At the same time the influence of long-dated contracts and of the expectations of the public has been a stabilising factor in spite of rapid changes in the economic and social scene.The characteristics of the nineteenth-century image of equity are described, and the history of the twentieth century in regard to surplus is seen as one of attempts to preserve that image through sharp and contrasting vicissitudes. This idea is explored in some detail for both ordinary and industrial life business.The problems of the present day are reviewed one by one and the paper touches on such matters as economic inflation, the public demand for pension schemes, the introduction of computers and data-processing devices and the prospect of Britain joining the Common Market. Against this background, various modern concepts of equity are contrasted and brief reference is made to matching, immunisation and gearing. Equity in with-profit pension schemes and systems of variable policies are also considered.This general survey leads the authors in the end to ask some critical questions about the performance of the profession throughout its history. These questions relate to the success or otherwise of actuaries in foreseeing the future, in attaining equity and in progressing with the times. The authors attempt to answer them and are able to end on a cheerful note as regards past achievements and to express great hopes for the future, which may well bring a new era for the profession.

scholarly journals FORMING THE INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY COMPETENCESS IN THE PROCESS OF TRAINING STUDENTS IN ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
V.M. Arapov ◽  
◽  
G.N. Egorova
Keyword(s):  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
School Students ◽  
Engineering Graphics ◽  
The Future ◽  
Learning Research

Realization of the formed technical competences in innovative activities is shown. The basis of students’ innovative activities in engineering graphics training is the formation of research and invention competences, development of cognitive and creative activities of students. The learning research activity of students is understood as his/her independent activity resulting in obtaining new, not known before, knowledge under the scientific and methodological guidance of the teacher. The didactic principles are defined, organization and methodological issues, that provide the formation innovative competences of the future engineers, are considered. The expedience of pre-university graphical training of senior school students and annual monitoring of the working programs in the engineering graphics subjects is shown. Formation of the innovative competences can be based on the personal activity approach with application of the principles of independence, theory and practice link, scientificality, motivation, activity and variability.

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