On Stages, Worms, and Relativity

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 223-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Balashov

AbstractFour–dimensionalism, or perdurantism, the view that temporally extended objects persist through time by having (spatio-)temporal parts or stages, includes two varieties, the worm theory and the stage theory. According to the worm theory, perduring objects are four–dimensional wholes occupying determinate regions of space–time and having temporal parts, or stages, each of them confined to a particular time. The stage theorist, however, claims, not that perduring objects have stages, but that the fundamental entities of the perdurantist ontology are stages. I argue that considerations of special relativity favor the worm theory over the stage theory.

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 01-14
Author(s):  
Meriama Hansali Mebarki

The reinforcement sensitivity theory lacks basic sources of any human experience :time, place, and learning contexts that have shaped the reinforcement; therefore I have assumed a missing link in Gray's framework based on special relativity relying on the «what, where, and when of happenning»? as major resources of human conscious experience, which under punishment or reward exceed the sensitivity to pleasant or unpleasant stimuli transcending therefore the Weber law, that's why I called it: Psychological Space-Time Reinforcement Sensitivity “PSTRS” axis. The lasts explains BAS and BIS systems sensitivity to reinforcement across the cognitive space-time continuum of episodic memory, and not only across the two great dimensions of fear/anxiety and defensive distance of the McNaughton & Corr model of 2004. So, based on the disruption of the high-sensitivity information processing system in the brain, the four-dimensional conscious experience is distorted by its underlying sources and context. Thus, one of the timedominating records prevents the individual from overcoming the present., such in depression, obsessive compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder (psychological sensitivity to the past). These temporal records clearly lose their sequence and associative nature in dissociative symptoms due to the disruption of the most important milestone on which Einstein's physics was based. Consequently, psychological space-time reinforcement sensitivity supposes that psychological disorders can be interpreted according to the laws of special relativity (acceleration / deceleration), but this seems more complicated when it comes to mental disorders where the self is disturbed on its spatio-temporal axis as observed in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia looks like a three-componements disorder characterized by a disruption of the experience of time, place and self, which could be asummed up as a “self space-time disturbance". Notably schizophrenic patients appear losing the ability to gather in a dynamic way these componements, as if the world seemed missig the gestalt characteristic or fragmented. The past felt like an inevitable destiny inhibits the direction towards the future; sometimes disorient the self to the point of feeling lost, as if the psychological time slows down to the point of feeling separated from the « now » the physical time. So are we dealing with an Euclidian space? The article attempts to provide a non-traditional interpretation of mental disorders by including general relativity in psychological studies, based on the neurobiological bases involved in the spatio-temporal processing of the conscious experience in the quantum brain.


2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-448
Author(s):  
SYDNEY SHOEMAKER

ABSTRACT:If for every portion of space-time there is an object composed of its contents, four-dimensionalism will be true of these objects. But ordinary objects—trees, stones, persons, etc.—are not among these objects (although the series of events that make up their careers will be). The properties of ordinary objects, including sortal properties, are temporally local and have causal profiles that incorporate transtemporal persistence conditions of the things that have them, and this supports a rejection of four-dimensionalism in favor of three-dimensionalism as an account of the nature of these ordinary objects. Also rejected is the stage theory that takes ordinary objects to be momentary stages (whose transtemporal sameness is not identity), and the argument (of Katherine Hawley) that holds that stage theory is supported by the fact that there can be cases in which it is indeterminate whether the same thing exists at different times.


2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristie Miller

I borrow the title of this paper, slightly amended, from Parsons’ recent ‘Must a Four-Dimensionalist Believe in Temporal Parts?’ Four-dimensionalism, as I use the term, is the view that persisting objects have four dimensions: they are four-dimensional ‘worms’ in space-time. This view is contrasted with three-dimensionalism, the view that persisting objects have three-dimensions and are wholly present at each moment at which they exist. The most common version of four-dimensionalism is perdurantism, according to which these four-dimensional objects are segmented into temporal parts — shorter lived objects that compose the four-dimensional whole in just the same way that the segments of real earth worms compose the whole worm.


1991 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1788-1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Zerzion ◽  
L. P. Horwitz ◽  
R. I. Arshansky

2012 ◽  
Vol 246-247 ◽  
pp. 744-748
Author(s):  
Yue Lin Sun ◽  
Lei Bao ◽  
Yi Hang Peng

An effective analysis of the battlefield situation and spatio-temporal data model in a sea battlefield has great significance for the commander to perceive the battlefield situation and to make the right decisions. Based on the existing spatio-temporal data model, the present paper gives a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of sea battlefield data, and chooses the object-oriented spatio-temporal data model to modify it; at the same time this paper introduces sea battlefield space-time algebra system to define various data types formally, which lays the foundation for the establishment of the sea battlefield spatio-temporal data model.


2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-724
Author(s):  
Geraldo Andrello ◽  
Antonio Guerreiro ◽  
Stephen Hugh-Jones

Abstract The multi-ethnic and multilingual complexes of the Upper Rio Negro and the Upper Xingu share common aspects that frequently emerge in ethnographies, including notions of descent, hierarchical social organization and ritual activities, as well as a preference for forms of exogamy and the unequal distribution of productive and ritual specialties and esoteric knowledge. In this article we investigate how the people of both regions conceive of their humanity and that of their neighbours as variations on a shared form, since in both regions ritual processes for negotiating positions and prerogatives seems to take the place of the latent state of warfare typical of the social life of other Amazonian peoples. In this article we will synthesize, for each region, the spatio-temporal processes that underscore the eminently variable constitution of collectivities, seeking, in conclusion, to isolate those elements that the two regions have in common.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mathias Jahnke ◽  
Edyta P. Bogucka ◽  
Maria Turchenko

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Mixed reality is a rather new technology but came to its nowadays success through the availability of devices like Microsoft HoloLens which easily support the users and developers to use such devices. Therefore, visualization specialists like cartographers paid attention due to interaction possibilities such devices provide. In particular, to utilize the huge amount of opportunities such device gave. The applicability within the cartographic domain needs to be further investigated.</p><p>The main goal of this contribution is to evaluate the applicability of a mixed reality device in the domain of spatio-temporal representations on the example of the space-time cube to show cultural landscape changes. The hologram of the space-time cube provides the changes of the Royal Castle in Warsaw and their surrounding elements. The hologram therefore incorporated the different buildings of the castle, space-time prisms and space-time links to connect building elements over the years. The visual variables colour hue, colour value and transparency are mainly used to feature distinguishable space-time prisms and to show the space-time links. Different colour schemes are developed which features the characteristics of a mixed reality device. The possibilities of input actions are ranging from gaze/head movement, to gesture and voice.</p><p>The usability evaluation of the mixed reality hologram showed the overall comfort of interactions, perception of the visual components of the space-time cube and determines advantageous features and limitations of the technology. Most of the found limitations are connected to current devices, like e.g. resolution or field of view. An important aspect which came out is, that the experience the user has which such devices/technology plays an important role in successfully use and knowledge discovery from such applications.</p>


2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orapun Arjkumpa ◽  
Minta Suwannaboon ◽  
Manoch Boonrod ◽  
Issara Punyawan ◽  
Supawadee Liangchaisiri ◽  
...  

The first outbreak of lumpy skin disease (LSD) in Thailand was reported in March 2021, but information on the epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak is very limited. The objectives of this study were to describe the epidemiological features of LSD outbreaks and to identify the outbreak spatio-temporal clusters. The LSD-affected farms located in Roi Et province were investigated by veterinary authorities under the outbreak response program. A designed questionnaire was used to obtain the data. Space-time permutation (STP) and Poisson space-time (Poisson ST) models were used to detect areas of high LSD incidence. The authorities identified 293 LSD outbreak farms located in four different districts during the period of March and the first week of April 2021. The overall morbidity and mortality of the affected cattle were 40.5 and 1.2%, respectively. The STP defined seven statistically significant clusters whereas only one cluster was identified by the Poisson ST model. Most of the clusters (n = 6) from the STP had a radius &lt;7 km, and the number of LSD cases in those clusters varied in range of 3–51. On the other hand, the most likely cluster from the Poisson ST included LSD cases (n = 361) from 198 cattle farms with a radius of 17.07 km. This is the first report to provide an epidemiological overview and determine spatio-temporal clusters of the first LSD outbreak in cattle farms in Thailand. The findings from this study may serve as a baseline information for future epidemiological studies and support authorities to establish effective control programs for LSD in Thailand.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debdeep Sarkar ◽  
Yahia Antar

In this paper, we develop a formalism based on either spatially or temporally integrated electromagnetic (EM) Lagrangian, which provides new insights about the near-field reactive energy around generic antennas for arbitrary spatio-temporal excitation signals. Using electric and magnetic fields calculated via FDTD technique and interpolation routines, we compute and plot the normalized values of space/time integrated EM Lagrangian around antennas. While the time-integration of EM Lagrangian sheds light onto the spatial distribution of inductive/capacitive reactive energy, time-variation of spatially integrated EM Lagrangian can help in design of ultra-wideband (UWB) MIMO antennas with low mutual coupling. The EM Lagrangian approach can assist in design of energy harvesting and wireless power transfer systems, as well as for electromagnetic interference mitigation applications.


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