Eating out of home and its correlates in 10 European countries. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the average out-of-home (OH) consumption of foods and beverages, as well as energy intake, among populations from 10 European countries and to describe the characteristics of substantial OH eaters, as defined for the purpose of the present study, in comparison to other individuals.DesignCross-sectional study. Dietary data were collected through single 24-hour dietary recalls, in which the place of consumption was recorded. For the present study, substantial OH eaters were defined as those who consumed more than 25% of total daily energy intake at locations other than the household premises. Mean dietary intakes and the proportion of substantial OH eaters are presented by food group and country. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the odds of being a substantial OH eater in comparison to not being one, using mutually adjusted possible non-dietary determinants.SettingTen European countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).SubjectsThe subjects were 34 270 individuals, 12 537 men and 21 733 women, aged 35–74 years.ResultsThe fraction of energy intake during OH eating was generally higher in northern European countries than in the southern ones. Among the food and beverage groups, those selectively consumed outside the home were coffee/tea/waters and sweets and, to a lesser extent, cereals, meats, added lipids and vegetables. Substantial OH eating was positively associated with energy intake and inversely associated with age and physical activity. Substantial OH eating was less common among the less educated compared with the more educated, and more common during weekdays in central and north Europe and during the weekend in south Europe.ConclusionsEating outside the home was associated with sedentary lifestyle and increased energy intake; it was more common among the young and concerned in particular coffee/tea/waters and sweets.

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Eating out is different from eating at home among individuals who occasionally eat out. A cross-sectional study among middle-aged adults from eleven European countries

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114515000963 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 113 (12) ◽

pp. 1951-1964 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Androniki Naska ◽

Michail Katsoulis ◽

Philippos Orfanos ◽

Carl Lachat ◽

Kurt Gedrich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

European Countries ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

Small Contribution ◽

Bakery Products ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obesity Epidemic ◽

Eating Out ◽

At Home

Eating out has been linked to the current obesity epidemic, but the evaluation of the extent to which out of home (OH) dietary intakes are different from those at home (AH) is limited. Data collected among 8849 men and 14 277 women aged 35–64 years from the general population of eleven European countries through 24-h dietary recalls or food diaries were analysed to: (1) compare food consumption OH to those AH; (2) describe the characteristics of substantial OH eaters, defined as those who consumed 25 % or more of their total daily energy intake at OH locations. Logistic regression models were fit to identify personal characteristics associated with eating out. In both sexes, beverages, sugar, desserts, sweet and savoury bakery products were consumed more OH than AH. In some countries, men reported higher intakes of fish OH than AH. Overall, substantial OH eating was more common among men, the younger and the more educated participants, but was weakly associated with total energy intake. The substantial OH eaters reported similar dietary intakes OH and AH. Individuals who were not identified as substantial OH eaters reported consuming proportionally higher quantities of sweet and savoury bakery products, soft drinks, juices and other non-alcoholic beverages OH than AH. The OH intakes were different from the AH ones, only among individuals who reported a relatively small contribution of OH eating to their daily intakes and this may partly explain the inconsistent findings relating eating out to the current obesity epidemic.

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Timing of eating across ten European countries – results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration study

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980018002288 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 324-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ena Huseinovic ◽

Anna Winkvist ◽

Heinz Freisling ◽

Nadia Slimani ◽

Heiner Boeing ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Energy Intake ◽

European Countries ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Northern European ◽

Mediterranean Countries ◽

Calibration Study ◽

Sectional Analysis ◽

Intake Ratio ◽

Prospective Investigation

AbstractObjectiveTo examine timing of eating across ten European countries.DesignCross-sectional analysis of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration study using standardized 24 h diet recalls collected during 1995–2000. Eleven predefined food consumption occasions were assessed during the recall interview. We present time of consumption of meals and snacks as well as the later:earlier energy intake ratio, with earlier and later intakes defined as 06.00–14.00 and 15.00–24.00 hours, respectively. Type III tests were used to examine associations of sociodemographic, lifestyle and health variables with timing of energy intake.SettingTen Western European countries.SubjectsIn total, 22 985 women and 13 035 men aged 35–74 years (n 36 020).ResultsA south–north gradient was observed for timing of eating, with later consumption of meals and snacks in Mediterranean countries compared with Central and Northern European countries. However, the energy load was reversed, with the later:earlier energy intake ratio ranging from 0·68 (France) to 1·39 (Norway) among women, and from 0·71 (Greece) to 1·35 (the Netherlands) among men. Among women, country, age, education, marital status, smoking, day of recall and season were all independently associated with timing of energy intake (all P<0·05). Among men, the corresponding variables were country, age, education, smoking, physical activity, BMI and day of recall (all P<0·05).ConclusionsWe found pronounced differences in timing of eating across Europe, with later meal timetables but greater energy load earlier during the day in Mediterranean countries compared with Central and Northern European countries.

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Meal patterns across ten European countries – results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration study

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980016001142 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (15) ◽

pp. 2769-2780 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

E Huseinovic ◽

A Winkvist ◽

N Slimani ◽

MK Park ◽

H Freisling ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

European Countries ◽

Northern Europe ◽

Daily Energy Intake ◽

Meal Patterns ◽

Northern European ◽

Mediterranean Countries ◽

Daily Energy ◽

Calibration Study ◽

Prospective Investigation

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize meal patterns across ten European countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration study.DesignCross-sectional study utilizing dietary data collected through a standardized 24 h diet recall during 1995–2000. Eleven predefined intake occasions across a 24 h period were assessed during the interview. In the present descriptive report, meal patterns were analysed in terms of daily number of intake occasions, the proportion reporting each intake occasion and the energy contributions from each intake occasion.SettingTwenty-seven centres across ten European countries.SubjectsWomen (64 %) and men (36 %) aged 35–74 years (n 36 020).ResultsPronounced differences in meal patterns emerged both across centres within the same country and across different countries, with a trend for fewer intake occasions per day in Mediterranean countries compared with central and northern Europe. Differences were also found for daily energy intake provided by lunch, with 38–43 % for women and 41–45 % for men within Mediterranean countries compared with 16–27 % for women and 20–26 % for men in central and northern European countries. Likewise, a south–north gradient was found for daily energy intake from snacks, with 13–20 % (women) and 10–17 % (men) in Mediterranean countries compared with 24–34 % (women) and 23–35 % (men) in central/northern Europe.ConclusionsWe found distinct differences in meal patterns with marked diversity for intake frequency and lunch and snack consumption between Mediterranean and central/northern European countries. Monitoring of meal patterns across various cultures and populations could provide critical context to the research efforts to characterize relationships between dietary intake and health.

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Determinants of Diet Quality Among Canadian Adolescents

Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research ◽

10.3148/70.2.2009.58 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 58-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Kate E. Storey ◽

Rhona M. Hanning ◽

Irene A. Lambraki ◽

Pete Driezen ◽

Shawn N. Fraser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diet Quality ◽

Food Group ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Web Based ◽

Poor Diet ◽

Meal Skipping ◽

Distribution Ranges ◽

Macronutrient Distribution

Purpose: Dietary intakes and nutrition behaviours were examined among different diet quality groups of Canadian adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 2850 Alberta and Ontario adolescents aged 14 to 17, who completed a self-administered web-based survey that examined nutrient intakes andmeal behaviours (meal frequency andmeal consumption away from home). Results:Meanmacronutrient intakes were within Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges; however,micronutrient intakes andmedian food group intakes were below recommendations based on Canada's Food Guide to Healthy Eating (CFGHE). Overall diet quality indicated that 43%, 47%, and 10%of students had poor, average, and superior diet quality, respectively. Adolescents with lower diet quality had significantly different intakes of macronutrients and CFGHE-defined “other foods.” In terms of diet quality determinants, those with poor diet quality had higher frequencies of suboptimalmeal behaviours. Students with poor diet quality consumed breakfast and lunch less frequently than did those with average and superior diet quality. Conclusions: Canadian adolescents have low intakes of CFGHE-recommended foods and high intakes of “other foods.” Those with poor diet quality had suboptimal macronutrient intakes and increased meal skipping and meal consumption away from home. Adherence to CFGHE may promote optimal dietary intakes and improve nutritional behaviours.

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Impulsivity is associated with food intake, snacking, and eating disorders in a general population

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqy255 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 109 (1) ◽

pp. 117-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Marc Bénard ◽

France Bellisle ◽

Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot ◽

Chantal Julia ◽

Valentina A Andreeva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

General Population ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Food Group ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

Processed Meat ◽

Cross Sectional

ABSTRACTBackgroundImpulsivity is a psychological trait linked to health issues such as obesity. However, few studies have explored the relation between impulsivity, dietary intake, and eating disorders (EDs) in a general population.ObjectiveThe aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess whether impulsivity was associated with energy intake, food-group consumption, snacking, and risk of EDs.DesignIn 2014, 51,368 adult participants from the NutriNet-Santé Study completed the 11th version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), which assesses impulsivity. Food-group consumption and diet quality were evaluated by using ≥3 self-reported 24-h dietary records (n = 35,830), whereas snacking behavior was evaluated by an ad hoc question (n = 48,562). Risk of EDs was assessed with the Sick-Control-One-Fat-Food Questionnaire (SCOFF), and categories of ED (restrictive, bulimic, hyperphagic, and other types of EDs) were determined with the Expali algorithm (n = 48,824). Logistic and linear regressions were used to analyze the associations between impulsivity and energy intake, food-group consumption, diet quality, snacking, and risk of EDs, taking into account sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.ResultsPositive associations were found between impulsivity and consumption of alcoholic beverages and appetizers, whereas negative associations were found for fruit and vegetables, meat and poultry, processed meat, dairy products, milk-based desserts, and starchy foods. Impulsivity was positively associated with energy intake and negatively associated with diet quality. Impulsivity was also positively associated with snacking (OR: 3.32; 95% CI: 2.99, 3.68) and risk of EDs (OR: 3.02; 95% CI: 2.74, 3.33). The strongest associations were found for bulimic disorders (OR: 4.38; 95% CI: 3.66, 5.23) and hyperphagic disorders (OR: 2.91; 95% CI: 2.56, 3.31).ConclusionImpulsivity was associated with food intakes, snacking, and risk of EDs and could be taken into account in the promotion of healthy eating behavior. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03335644.

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Dietary intakes and their association with weight status in male and female school children in South India: A cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-22188/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sumathi Swaminathan ◽

Sumithra Selvam ◽

Tinku Thomas ◽

Krishnaswamy G Jayachitra ◽

Anura V Kurpad

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Weight Status ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Economic Status ◽

Nutrition Transition ◽

Food Group ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract BackgroundWith India going through a nutrition transition evaluating food consumption of children is important. The present analysis was done to cross-sectionally examine the diets of school-aged children by sex and weight status. MethodsUrban school-going children 8-15 years of age, representing all strata of socio-economic status were recruited through stratified quota sampling. Dietary intake was assessed by three interviewer-administered 24-hour dietary recalls. The proportion with inadequate intakes for macro- and micro-nutrients and percentage energy intake of macronutrients below and above the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) were compared between sexes. Association of dietary intake with weight status were examined by multinomial logistic regression in boys and girls separately with the reference category being the highest tertile of each food group intake. ResultsTotally, 634 children were recruited (13.7% boys, 15.6% girls underweight;18.8% boys, 18.5% girls overweight). In general, boys had significantly higher mean intakes of all nutrients (p<0.05) except for vitamin B 12 (0.96 µg in boys versus 0.87 µg in girls, p=0.055) and vitamin A (225.4 µgRAE in boys and 222.2 µgRAE in girls, p=0.073). The prevalence of inadequate intake was the highest for vitamin A (96.8% in boys vs 94.8% in girls, p=0.152). The proportions of inadequacy were significantly higher in girls for all nutrients (p<0.05), except for folate and vitamin A. High carbohydrate intake (OR:3.11; 95% CI:1.55, 6.24, p=0.002) and low fat intake (OR:2.15; 95% CI:1.06, 4.35, p=0.041) were significantly associated with underweight in girls but not for boys. After adjusting for age and total energy intake, lower intake of vegetables and higher intake of fruits were significantly associated with underweight boys while, lower intake of root vegetables, nuts, milk products and added sugar were associated with underweight girls. A higher proportion of overweight boys was observed in the lowest tertile of pulse intake and lower proportion in the lowest tertile of nut intake. Overweight girls were more likely to be in the lowest tertile of meat intake. ConclusionsChildren’s diets need to be improved to meet nutrient requirements. Promotion of healthy diets in children which reduce prevalence of underweight and arrest increase in overweight is required.

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Evaluation of urinary resveratrol as a biomarker of dietary resveratrol intake in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114517001465 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 117 (11) ◽

pp. 1596-1602 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Raul Zamora-Ros ◽

Joseph A. Rothwell ◽

David Achaintre ◽

Pietro Ferrari ◽

Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

European Population ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Main Food Source ◽

Spearman’S Correlation ◽

Prospective Investigation

AbstractIn vitro studies have shown several beneficial properties of resveratrol. Epidemiological evidence is still scarce, probably because of the difficulty in estimating resveratrol exposure accurately. The current study aimed to assess the relationships between acute and habitual dietary resveratrol and wine intake and urinary resveratrol excretion in a European population. A stratified random subsample of 475 men and women from four countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cross-sectional study, who had provided 24-h urine samples and completed a 24-h dietary recall (24-HDR) on the same day, were included. Acute and habitual dietary data were collected using standardised 24-HDR software and a validated country-specific dietary questionnaire, respectively. Phenol-Explorer was used to estimate the intake of resveratrol and other stilbenes. Urinary resveratrol was analysed using tandem MS. Spearman’s correlation coefficients between estimated dietary intakes of resveratrol and other stilbenes and consumption of wine, their main food source, were very high (r>0·9) when measured using dietary questionnaires and were slightly lower with 24-HDR (r>0·8). Partial Spearman’s correlations between urinary resveratrol excretion and intake of resveratrol, total stilbenes or wine were found to be higher when using the 24-HDR (R2partial approximately 0·6) than when using the dietary questionnaires (R2partial approximately 0·5). Moderate to high correlations between dietary resveratrol, total stilbenes and wine, and urinary resveratrol concentrations were observed. These support the earlier findings that 24-h urinary resveratrol is an effective biomarker of both resveratrol and wine intakes. These correlations also support the validity of the estimation of resveratrol intake using the dietary questionnaire and Phenol-Explorer.

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Minerals Intake Distributions in a Large Sample of Iranian at-Risk Population Using the National Cancer Institute Method: Do They Meet Their Requirements?

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000232 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 85 (3-4) ◽

pp. 129-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zahra Heidari ◽

Awat Feizi ◽

Leila Azadbakht ◽

Nizal Sarrafzadegan

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

National Cancer Institute ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Function ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nutritional Interventions ◽

High Prevalence

Abstract. Background: Minerals are required for the body’s normal function. Aim: The current study assessed the intake distribution of minerals and estimated the prevalence of inadequacy and excess among a representative sample of healthy middle aged and elderly Iranian people. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the second follow up to the Isfahan Cohort Study (ICS), 1922 generally healthy people aged 40 and older were investigated. Dietary intakes were collected using 24 hour recalls and two or more consecutive food records. Distribution of minerals intake was estimated using traditional (averaging dietary intake days) and National Cancer Institute (NCI) methods, and the results obtained from the two methods, were compared. The prevalence of minerals intake inadequacy or excess was estimated using the estimated average requirement (EAR) cut-point method, the probability approach and the tolerable upper intake levels (UL). Results: There were remarkable differences between values obtained using traditional and NCI methods, particularly in the lower and upper percentiles of the estimated intake distributions. A high prevalence of inadequacy of magnesium (50 - 100 %), calcium (21 - 93 %) and zinc (30 - 55 % for males > 50 years) was observed. Significant gender differences were found regarding inadequate intakes of calcium (21 - 76 % for males vs. 45 - 93 % for females), magnesium (92 % vs. 100 %), iron (0 vs. 15 % for age group 40 - 50 years) and zinc (29 - 55 % vs. 0 %) (all; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Severely imbalanced intakes of magnesium, calcium and zinc were observed among the middle-aged and elderly Iranian population. Nutritional interventions and population-based education to improve healthy diets among the studied population at risk are needed.

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Relationship Between Nutrient Intake and Vitamin D Status in Osteoporotic Women

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831.77.6.376 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 77 (6) ◽

pp. 376-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

de Souza Genaro ◽

de Paiva Pereira ◽

de Medeiros Pinheiro ◽

Szejnfeld ◽

Araújo Martini

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Mineral Metabolism ◽

Sodium Intake ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Dietary Records

Vitamin D is essential for maintaining calcium homeostasis and optimizing bone health. Its inadequacy is related to many factors including dietary intake. The aim of the present study was to evaluate serum 25(OH)D and its relationship with nutrient intakes in postmenopausal Brazilian women with osteoporosis. This cross-sectional study comprised 45 free-living and assisted elderly at São Paulo Hospital. Three-day dietary records were used to assess dietary intakes. Bone mineral density was measured with a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer (DXA). Blood and urine sample were collected for analysis of biochemical markers of bone and mineral metabolism. Insufficiency of vitamin D was observed in 24.4% of the women and optimal levels (≥ 50 nmol/L) were observed in 75.6%. Parathyroid hormone was above the reference range in 51% of the participants. The mean calcium (724 mg/day) and vitamin D (4.2 μ g/day) intakes were lower than the value proposed by The Food and Nutrition Board and sodium intake was more than two-fold above the recommendation. Higher levels of serum 25(OH)D were inversely associated with sodium intake. Dietary strategies to improve serum vitamin D must focus on increasing vitamin D intake and should take a reduction of sodium intake into consideration.

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Breakfast skipping alone and in interaction with inflammatory based quality of diet increases the risk of higher scores of psychological problems profile in a large sample of Iranian adults

Journal of Nutritional Science ◽

10.1017/jns.2020.62 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Fahimeh Haghighatdoost ◽

Awat Feizi ◽

Ahmad Esmaillzadeh ◽

Ammar Hassanzadeh Keshteli ◽

Hamid Afshar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Psychological Problems ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inflammatory Index ◽

Breakfast Skipping ◽

Breakfast Eating ◽

Profile Score ◽

The Impact

Abstract The authors investigate the association of breakfast skipping and its interaction with a dietary inflammatory index (DII) with the severity of psychological disorders. A total of 2876 Iranian general adults were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Psychological problems profile score was calculated using the regression method in the framework of factor analysis based on depression, anxiety and psychological distress. The higher scores indicate more severity of mental problem. The frequency of breakfast eating in a week was assessed. Dietary intakes were assessed using a food-frequency questionnaire and twenty-seven items were included in the calculation of DII. In the crude model, individuals who ate breakfast seldom had the highest odds for having worse psychological problems profile (OR 3⋅59; 95 % CI 2⋅52, 5⋅11). Adjustment for various confounders did not change the associations (OR 3⋅35; 95 % CI 2⋅11, 5⋅32). In the adjusted multinomial logistic regression model, participants with high DII (>median) who skipped breakfast had highest risk of being in the higher tertiles of psychological problems profile compared with those who had low DII (<median) and ate breakfast (OR 6⋅67; 95 % CI 3⋅45, 12⋅90). Similar results were observed in women and men regarding the impact of breakfast skipping alone and interaction with DII on scores of psychological problems profile. Breakfast skipping is associated with higher risk of psychological problems. Similar findings were obtained in the stratified analysis by sex. Our findings confirmed that the DII and breakfast skipping are associated with mental health, interactionally. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the true link between breakfast skipping and psychological problems.

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