Dietary intakes and their association with weight status in male and female school children in South India: A cross-sectional study

Abstract BackgroundWith India going through a nutrition transition evaluating food consumption of children is important. The present analysis was done to cross-sectionally examine the diets of school-aged children by sex and weight status. MethodsUrban school-going children 8-15 years of age, representing all strata of socio-economic status were recruited through stratified quota sampling. Dietary intake was assessed by three interviewer-administered 24-hour dietary recalls. The proportion with inadequate intakes for macro- and micro-nutrients and percentage energy intake of macronutrients below and above the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) were compared between sexes. Association of dietary intake with weight status were examined by multinomial logistic regression in boys and girls separately with the reference category being the highest tertile of each food group intake. ResultsTotally, 634 children were recruited (13.7% boys, 15.6% girls underweight;18.8% boys, 18.5% girls overweight). In general, boys had significantly higher mean intakes of all nutrients (p<0.05) except for vitamin B 12 (0.96 µg in boys versus 0.87 µg in girls, p=0.055) and vitamin A (225.4 µgRAE in boys and 222.2 µgRAE in girls, p=0.073). The prevalence of inadequate intake was the highest for vitamin A (96.8% in boys vs 94.8% in girls, p=0.152). The proportions of inadequacy were significantly higher in girls for all nutrients (p<0.05), except for folate and vitamin A. High carbohydrate intake (OR:3.11; 95% CI:1.55, 6.24, p=0.002) and low fat intake (OR:2.15; 95% CI:1.06, 4.35, p=0.041) were significantly associated with underweight in girls but not for boys. After adjusting for age and total energy intake, lower intake of vegetables and higher intake of fruits were significantly associated with underweight boys while, lower intake of root vegetables, nuts, milk products and added sugar were associated with underweight girls. A higher proportion of overweight boys was observed in the lowest tertile of pulse intake and lower proportion in the lowest tertile of nut intake. Overweight girls were more likely to be in the lowest tertile of meat intake. ConclusionsChildren’s diets need to be improved to meet nutrient requirements. Promotion of healthy diets in children which reduce prevalence of underweight and arrest increase in overweight is required.

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Misreporting of Energy Intake From Food Records Completed by Adolescents: Associations With Sex, Body Image, Nutrient, and Food Group Intake

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.749007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Louise Jones ◽

Andy Ness ◽

Pauline Emmett

Keyword(s):

Body Image ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Weight Status ◽

Pubertal Development ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Food Group ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Body Weight Status ◽

Parents And Children

Background and Objectives: A healthy diet during adolescence is important for growth and pubertal development. Assessing the diet of adolescents may be challenging as the behavioural factors and food habits which impact on what they eat may also affect how they report dietary intake. This study assesses factors associated with the misreporting of dietary intake.Methods: Adolescents (n = 4,844; average age 13.8 years) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) completed a 3-day diet record. Misreporting was estimated using an individualised method, and adolescents were categorised by reporting status. Foods were categorised as core and noncore foods to evaluate diet quality. Body composition measurements were recorded at a research clinic. Information on dieting, weight concern, family socioeconomic status, and parental BMI were collected via questionnaires. Binary logistic regression was performed, in boys and girls separately, to investigate factors associated with underreporting of dietary intake.Results: Girls were much more likely than boys to be dissatisfied with their weight and to diet, but showed similar levels of underreporting (~67%). In adjusted regression analysis underreporters (UR) were more likely to be overweight or obese: OR in boys 2.8 (95% CI 1.7–4.8) and in girls 2.2 (95% CI 1.5–3.2). Dissatisfaction with weight and dieting were positively associated, and perception of being underweight negatively associated with underreporting in boys. Perception of being overweight, dieting, and exact age were positively associated with underreporting in girls. UR obtained a greater percentage of energy from protein and a smaller percentage of energy from fat; they reported greater intake of core foods and lower intakes of non-core foods than plausible reporters.Conclusion: A large proportion of adolescents underreported their dietary energy intake. This was associated with their body weight status and body image and had a differential effect on their estimated food and macronutrient intakes. Assessment of misreporting status is essential when collecting and interpreting dietary information from adolescents.

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Contribution of ultra-processed foods in the diet of adults from the French NutriNet-Santé study

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980017001367 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 27-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Chantal Julia ◽

Lucien Martinez ◽

Benjamin Allès ◽

Mathilde Touvier ◽

Serge Hercberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Health Impact ◽

Food Group ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Processed Foods ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Potential Health ◽

Sectional Analysis

AbstractObjectiveConcerns have been raised about the potential health impact of ultra-processed foods (UPF) in the diet. Our objective was to investigate the contribution of UPF in the diet in a large French population and its association with sociodemographic factors and dietary patterns.DesignCross-sectional analysis of dietary data from 74 470 participants in the web-based NutriNet-Santé cohort. UPF were identified in repeated 24 h records and the proportion (in weight) of UPF in the total diet (UPFp) was computed for each participant. Associations of sociodemographic characteristics and UPFp in quartiles were assessed using multivariate multinomial logistic regression. Food group consumption and nutrient intakes across quartiles of UPFp were estimated using linear regression adjusted for sociodemographic factors and energy intake.SettingFrance.ResultsUPF contributed 18·4 % of the foods consumed in weight and 35·9 % of total energy intake. Higher UPFp consumption was independently associated with male gender, younger age, lower education, smoking, and overweight and obesity (all P<0·0001). Participants in the highest UPFp quartile consumed lower amounts of fruit and vegetables (difference between quartile 4 and quartile 1 of UPFp, Δ=−180·3 g/d) and higher amounts of sweet products (Δ=68·5 g/d) and soft drinks (Δ=98·6 g/d; all P<0·0001). They had higher intakes of energy (Δ=610 kJ/d (145·7 kcal/d)) and added sugar (Δ=17·1 g/d), and lower intakes of fibre (Δ=−4·04 g/d), β-carotene (Δ=−1019·6 μg/d) and Ca (Δ=−87·8 mg/d; all P<0·0001).ConclusionsUPF represent an important part of the diet in adults from the French general population and are associated with unbalanced nutritional intakes.

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Issues in dietary intake assessment of children and adolescents

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn20041169 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 92 (S2) ◽

pp. S213-S222 ◽

Cited By ~ 529

Author(s):

M. B. E. Livingstone ◽

P. J. Robson ◽

J. M. W. Wallace

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Weight Status ◽

Age Groups ◽

Repeated Measurements ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Individual Level ◽

Reporting Error ◽

Dietary Data

Studies of food habits and dietary intakes face a number of unique respondent and observer considerations at different stages from early childhood to late adolescence. Despite this, intakes have often been reported as if valid, and the interpretation of links between intake and health has been based, often erroneously, on the assumption of validity. However, validation studies of energy intake data have led to the widespread recognition that much of the dietary data on children and adolescents is prone to reporting error, mostly through under-reporting. Reporting error is influenced by body weight status and does not occur systematically across different age groups or different dietary survey techniques. It appears that the available methods for assessing the dietary intakes of children are, at best, able to provide unbiased estimates of energy intake only at the group level, while the food intake data of most adolescents are particularly prone to reporting error at both the group and the individual level. Moreover, evidence for the existence of subject-specific responding in dietary assessments challenges the assumption that repeated measurements of dietary intake will eventually obtain valid data. Only limited progress has been made in understanding the variables associated with misreporting in these age groups, the associated biases in estimating nutrient intakes and the most appropriate way to interpret unrepresentative dietary data. Until these issues are better understood, researchers should exercise considerable caution when evaluating all such data.

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Eating out of home and its correlates in 10 European countries. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980007000171 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1515-1525 ◽

Cited By ~ 94

Author(s):

Philippos Orfanos ◽

Androniki Naska ◽

Dimitrios Trichopoulos ◽

Nadia Slimani ◽

Pietro Ferrari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Food Group ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

European Countries ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Northern European ◽

Food And Beverage ◽

Eating Out ◽

Prospective Investigation

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the average out-of-home (OH) consumption of foods and beverages, as well as energy intake, among populations from 10 European countries and to describe the characteristics of substantial OH eaters, as defined for the purpose of the present study, in comparison to other individuals.DesignCross-sectional study. Dietary data were collected through single 24-hour dietary recalls, in which the place of consumption was recorded. For the present study, substantial OH eaters were defined as those who consumed more than 25% of total daily energy intake at locations other than the household premises. Mean dietary intakes and the proportion of substantial OH eaters are presented by food group and country. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the odds of being a substantial OH eater in comparison to not being one, using mutually adjusted possible non-dietary determinants.SettingTen European countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).SubjectsThe subjects were 34 270 individuals, 12 537 men and 21 733 women, aged 35–74 years.ResultsThe fraction of energy intake during OH eating was generally higher in northern European countries than in the southern ones. Among the food and beverage groups, those selectively consumed outside the home were coffee/tea/waters and sweets and, to a lesser extent, cereals, meats, added lipids and vegetables. Substantial OH eating was positively associated with energy intake and inversely associated with age and physical activity. Substantial OH eating was less common among the less educated compared with the more educated, and more common during weekdays in central and north Europe and during the weekend in south Europe.ConclusionsEating outside the home was associated with sedentary lifestyle and increased energy intake; it was more common among the young and concerned in particular coffee/tea/waters and sweets.

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Breakfast skipping alone and in interaction with inflammatory based quality of diet increases the risk of higher scores of psychological problems profile in a large sample of Iranian adults

Journal of Nutritional Science ◽

10.1017/jns.2020.62 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Fahimeh Haghighatdoost ◽

Awat Feizi ◽

Ahmad Esmaillzadeh ◽

Ammar Hassanzadeh Keshteli ◽

Hamid Afshar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Psychological Problems ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inflammatory Index ◽

Breakfast Skipping ◽

Breakfast Eating ◽

Profile Score ◽

The Impact

Abstract The authors investigate the association of breakfast skipping and its interaction with a dietary inflammatory index (DII) with the severity of psychological disorders. A total of 2876 Iranian general adults were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Psychological problems profile score was calculated using the regression method in the framework of factor analysis based on depression, anxiety and psychological distress. The higher scores indicate more severity of mental problem. The frequency of breakfast eating in a week was assessed. Dietary intakes were assessed using a food-frequency questionnaire and twenty-seven items were included in the calculation of DII. In the crude model, individuals who ate breakfast seldom had the highest odds for having worse psychological problems profile (OR 3⋅59; 95 % CI 2⋅52, 5⋅11). Adjustment for various confounders did not change the associations (OR 3⋅35; 95 % CI 2⋅11, 5⋅32). In the adjusted multinomial logistic regression model, participants with high DII (>median) who skipped breakfast had highest risk of being in the higher tertiles of psychological problems profile compared with those who had low DII (<median) and ate breakfast (OR 6⋅67; 95 % CI 3⋅45, 12⋅90). Similar results were observed in women and men regarding the impact of breakfast skipping alone and interaction with DII on scores of psychological problems profile. Breakfast skipping is associated with higher risk of psychological problems. Similar findings were obtained in the stratified analysis by sex. Our findings confirmed that the DII and breakfast skipping are associated with mental health, interactionally. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the true link between breakfast skipping and psychological problems.

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Dietary intake among under-, normal- and overweight 9- and 15-year-old Estonian and Swedish schoolchildren

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980007352476 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 311-322 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Inga Villa ◽

Agneta Yngve ◽

Eric Poortvliet ◽

Andrej Grjibovski ◽

Krystiine Liiv ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Age Groups ◽

Meat Products ◽

Food Group ◽

Biological Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Total Food ◽

Country Specific

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the differences in macronutrient and food group contribution to total food and energy intakes between Estonian and Swedish under-, normal- and overweight schoolchildren, and to estimate the association between diet and body mass index (BMI).DesignCross-sectional comparison between Estonian and Swedish children and adolescents of different BMI groups.SettingTwenty-five schools from one region in Estonia and 42 in two regions of central Sweden.SubjectsIn total 2308 participants (1176 from Estonia and 1132 from Sweden), including 1141 children with a mean age of 9.6 ± 0.5 years and 1167 adolescents with a mean age of 15.5 ± 0.6 years.ResultsOverweight was more prevalent among younger girls in Sweden (17.0 vs. 8.9%) and underweight among girls of both age groups in Estonia (7.9 vs. 3.5% in younger and 10.5 vs. 5.1% in older age group of girls). Compared with that of normal- and underweight peers, the diet of overweight Estonian children contained more energy as fat (36.8 vs. 31.7%) but less as carbohydrates, and they consumed more milk and meat products. Absolute BMI of Estonian participants was associated positively with energy consumption from eggs and negatively with energy consumption from sweets and sugar. Swedish overweight adolescents tended to consume more energy from protein and milk products. Risk of being overweight was positively associated with total energy intake and energy from fish or meat products. In both countries the association of overweight and biological factors (pubertal maturation, parental BMI) was stronger than with diet.ConclusionThe finding that differences in dietary intake between under-, normal- and overweight schoolchildren are country-specific suggests that local dietary habits should be considered in intervention projects addressing overweight.

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Dietary Intake of Anti-Oxidant Vitamins A, C, and E Is Inversely Associated with Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Chinese—A 22-Years Population-Based Prospective Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10111664 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1664 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Chi-Ho Lee ◽

Ruth Chan ◽

Helen Wan ◽

Yu-Cho Woo ◽

Chloe Cheung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Population Based ◽

Cardiovascular Outcomes ◽

Hong Kong Chinese ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Anti Oxidant

Background: Conflicting and population-dependent findings have been reported from epidemiological studies on the associations of dietary intake of anti-oxidant vitamins with cardiovascular events. We investigated the prospective relationship between dietary intake of anti-oxidant vitamins and incident adverse cardiovascular outcomes amongst Hong Kong Chinese. Methods: In this prospective population-based study, baseline dietary intake of anti-oxidant vitamins (A, C, and E) were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire in 875 Chinese participants from the Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence Study (CRISPS) in 1995–1996. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of incident adverse cardiovascular outcomes, defined as the first recorded diagnosis of cardiovascular deaths, non-fatal myocardial infarction or non-fatal stroke, and coronary or other arterial revascularizations, was calculated per unit intake of each vitamin using multivariable Cox regression. Results: Over a median follow-up of 22 years, 85 participants (9.7%) developed adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Dietary intakes of vitamin A, C, and E were independently and inversely associated with incident adverse cardiovascular outcomes (HR 0.68, 95%CI 0.53–0.88, p = 0.003 for vitamin A; HR 0.66, 95%CI 0.52–0.85, p = 0.001 for vitamin C; and HR 0.57, 95%CI 0.38–0.86, p = 0.017 for vitamin E) after adjustments for conventional cardiovascular risk factors at baseline. Conclusions: Dietary intakes of anti-oxidant vitamins A, C, and E reduced the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in Hong Kong Chinese.

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Dietary Intake of Adult Residents in Luxembourg Taking Part in Two Cross-Sectional Studies—ORISCAV-LUX (2007–2008) and ORISCAV-LUX 2 (2016–2017)

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13124382 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 4382

Author(s):

Farhad Vahid ◽

Alex Brito ◽

Gwenaëlle Le Coroller ◽

Michel Vaillant ◽

Hanen Samouda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Food Group ◽

High Energy ◽

Population Based ◽

Food Composition ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Balanced Diet ◽

Cross Sectional Studies ◽

Total Fat

Background: A balanced diet is an important lifestyle component and has been associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases. Objectives: To assess dietary intake of adult residents in Luxembourg taking part in two population-based cross-sectional studies (ORISCAV-LUX, 2007–2008 and ORISCAV-LUX 2, 2016–2017). Methods: Dietary intake of the study participants (1242 in 2007/08 and 1326 in 2016/17), 25–69 years old, were evaluated using food-frequency questionnaires (134 items in 2007/2008 and 174 items in 2016/2017) according to the French ANSES-CIQUAL food composition database. Both food-group- and nutrient-based analyses were conducted. Results: Dietary patterns in ORISCAV-LUX 2, 2016–2017, were characterized by an increase in the estimated marginal means (EMM) of the intake of energy, total fat, saturated fatty acids, alcohol, and decreased EMM of total carbohydrates, magnesium, and calcium compared to 2007/08. We also observed an increased EMM of the intake of protein-rich food items and ready-to-eat foods/fast foods, together with a decreased intake of grains, dairy products, and vegetables (all p-values <0.05, linear mixed models). The intake of most micronutrients was stable or slightly increased in ORISCAV-LUX 2 vs. ORISCAV-LUX, except for the drop in magnesium and calcium, and generally met recommendations, in particular, EFSA population reference intakes (PRI), except for vitamin D. Conclusions: Though most micronutrient recommendations were met, nutrient consumption in terms of high energy, total fat, and sodium, as well as low carbohydrates, were not aligned with recommendations for balanced eating.

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“I feel like eating rice 24 hours per day, 7 days a week”: A Study of Dietary Diversity Among Asylum Seekers in Norway (OR21-06-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz034.or21-06-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Sigrun Henjum ◽

Laura Terragni

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Asylum Seekers ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Living Condition ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Food Groups ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adequate Diet ◽

Adequate Food

Abstract Objectives Poor nutrition and food insecurity is highly prevalent among asylum seekers residing in western countries. Lack of economic resources, unfamiliarity with new foods, and language barriers are some challenges that asylum seekers encounter upon resettlement. Despite the importance of an adequate diet for good health, limited knowledge, exist on food intake and dietary quality among asylum seekers. We described dietary intake and assessed dietary quality among asylum seekers at Norwegian reception centers. Methods In 2017, a cross-sectional study in eight ordinary asylum reception centers in the South Eastern part of Norway were performed and 205 asylum seekers (131 men and 74 women) were included. Dietary intake was assessed by 24-hour dietary recall and dietary diversity score (DDS) calculated according to FAO and FANTA, 2014. In addition, field notes of the asylum seekers thoughts on dietary intake and living condition provided contextual aspects of their nutritional situation. Results Two-third of the asylum seekers had dietary intakes with low quality; they ate from less than five food groups (low DDS). The asylum seekers ate in average two meals per day and one-third ate their first meal after noon. Meals tend to consist of food that was familiar in their country of origin. Women had significantly higher DDS than men with a higher consumption of vegetables and fruits. Asylum seekers residing in Norway for a longer time had a higher dietary diversity, than asylum seekers with a shorter stay. Most asylum seekers told about a reduced dietary intake, few meals and by the end of the month, hunger. They chose the cheapest food, food on sale or food that had expired and chose quantity over quality. The kitchen facilities at the reception centers were inadequate with limited storage place, low quality of the cooking equipment and crowded kitchen. Conclusions The asylum seekers had a monotonous diet with few meals, in contrast to the food abundance that most Norwegian are accustomed to, revealing, the emergence of new groups and new forms of poverty and social exclusion also in rich countries with otherwise good welfare state systems. The situation appear particularly critical given Norway's commitment through the United Nations (UN) International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights to ensure human rights such as the right to adequate food and health. Funding Sources The study was funded by Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway.

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Uptake of routine vitamin A supplementation for children in Humbo district, southern Ethiopia: community-based cross-sectional study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09617-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Getnet Kassa ◽

Addisalem Mesfin ◽

Samson Gebremedhin

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Vitamin A Deficiency ◽

Economic Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vitamin A Supplementation ◽

Socio Economic Status

Abstract Background In low- and middle-income countries routine vitamin A supplementation (VAS) is a key strategy for reducing vitamin A deficiency and mortality and morbidity of preschool children. However, in Ethiopia, there is paucity of evidence regarding the level and determinants of the uptake of the supplement. This study was designed to assess the coverage and predictors of VAS among preschool children in Humbo district, Southern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in April 2016. A total of 840 mothers/caregivers having children 6–59 months of age were selected using multistage cluster sampling technique from six rural villages implementing routine VAS program. Data were collected using interviewer administered questionnaire. Possible predictors considered in the study include distance from the nearby health facility, household socio-economic status, type of the household (model vs non-model), maternal access to health education on VAS, and knowledge on vitamin A and VAS. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of uptake of VAS. The outputs are presented using adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with the respective 95% confidence interval (CI). Results The coverage of VAS was 75.0% (95% CI: 72.1–77.9). Better knowledge of mothers about the importance of the supplement (AOR: 1.49, 1.02–2.17), obtaining VAS related information from frontline community health workers (AOR: 1.51, 1.34–2.72) than health professionals and being from households in the “rich” wealth tertile (AOR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.07–3.03) were positively associated with uptake VAS. Conclusion The VAS coverage of the area was approaching the expected national target of 80%. However, the uptake can be enhanced though awareness creation and improving socio-economic status of the community.

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