What about the children? The experience of families involved in an adult-focused diabetes intervention

AbstractObjectiveAmong adults with diabetes attempting to change their own diets, we explored how these adults approached providing food for their children and how their children reacted to dietary changes in the household.DesignThe research design used semi-structured parallel individual interviews of adults and a child (aged 10–17 years) in their home. Interviews were audio-taped, transcribed, coded and analysed for themes.SubjectsSubjects included families in which one inner-city African American or Latino adult with diabetes had completed a diabetes intervention promoting healthy dietary behaviours.ResultsWe completed 29 interviews (14 adult–child pairs and one child). Adults approached making dietary changes for themselves and also providing food for their family in different ways, ranging from expecting everyone to eat the same thing to preparing two separate meals. Many children resisted dietary changes while fewer acquiesced. Among children who went along with changes, some reported resisting initially then adjusting, while others did not resist because the food still tasted good or they could obtain preferred foods outside the house. The intersection of adults’ meal strategies and children’s reactions to the changes can be used to categorise families into different patterns. These patterns highlight the tension between an adult who must make dietary changes to control diabetes and a child who is not necessarily motivated to change.ConclusionFrom this framework we suggest hypotheses about how these patterns might influence dietary behaviour in adults and children. Understanding these patterns could guide interventions to assist parents in successfully including children in their dietary changes.

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Repetition as ratification: How parents and children place information in common ground*

Journal of Child Language ◽

10.1017/s0305000907008537 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 349-371 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

EVE V. CLARK ◽

JOSIE BERNICOT

Keyword(s):

Common Ground ◽

Adult Child ◽

Older Children ◽

The Third ◽

Parents And Children ◽

New Information ◽

Range Of Functions ◽

Adults And Children

ABSTRACTRepetition is used for a range of functions in conversation. In this study, we examined all the repetitions used in spontaneous conversations by 41 French adult–child dyads, with children aged 2 ; 3 and 3 ; 6, to test the hypotheses that adults repeat to establish that they have understood, and that children repeat to ratify what adults have said. Analysis of 978 exchanges containing repetitions showed that adults use them to check on intentions and to correct errors, while children use them to ratify what the adult said. With younger children, adults combine their repeats with new information. Children then re-repeat the form originally targeted by the adult. With older children, adults check on intentions but less frequently, and only occasionally check on forms. Older children also re-repeat in the third turn but, like adults, add further information. For both adults and children, repeats signal attention to the other's utterances, and place the information repeated in common ground.

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Association of body mass index and dietary restraint with changes in eating behaviour throughout late childhood and early adolescence: a 5-year study

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980007249626 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 780-789 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Sherri Bisset ◽

Lise Gauvin ◽

Louise Potvin ◽

Gilles Paradis

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fast Food ◽

Dietary Restraint ◽

Dietary Behaviour ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Dietary Behaviours ◽

Fast Food Consumption

AbstractObjectivesTo describe patterns of dietary behaviours specific to low quality snacking, fruit and vegetable, and fast food consumption during the transition from childhood to adolescence and to examine how these behaviours are associated with tendencies towards dietary restraint and the occurrence of overweight and obesity in mid-adolescence.DesignA 5-year follow-up of self-reported eating. Hierarchical linear modelling was utilised to explore the relationship between dietary changes and body mass index (BMI) and dietary restraint while controlling for physical activity and smoking.SettingThe sample was derived from students participating in the Quebec Heart Health Demonstration Project, and represents rural, suburban and inner city youths.SubjectsA sample of 561 girls and 627 boys in the fourth, sixth, seventh and ninth grades.ResultsOverall the sample was characterised by a decrease in fruit and vegetable consumption and increase in low quality snacking, and a decrease in fast food consumption over the 5-year follow-up. Dietary restraint and BMI were found to be associated with dietary behaviour. Lower than average dietary restraint was associated with a lower frequency of fast food consumption and greater increase in low quality snacking over the 5-year period. Higher than average dietary restraint was associated with lesser frequency of low quality snacking at baseline. Having a BMI in the obese range was associated with more frequent fast food consumption in the fourth grade and a more rapid drop in fast food consumption across the 5-year period.ConclusionsDietary behaviours are associated with the psychological construct dietary restraint and with weight status in this population of adolescents.

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Effect of a community-based intervention on nutritional behaviour in a developing country setting: the Isfahan Healthy Heart Programme

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980008004230 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 1422-1430 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Noushin Mohammadifard ◽

Roya Kelishadi ◽

Morteza Safavi ◽

Nizal Sarrafzadegan ◽

Firoozeh Sajadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meat Products ◽

Dietary Behaviour ◽

Baseline Survey ◽

Food Groups ◽

Reference Area ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Community Based ◽

Dietary Behaviours ◽

Consumption Index ◽

The Impact

AbstractObjectiveThe present study was conducted to determine the impact of a community-based intervention on the nutritional behaviour of a representative sample of Iranian adults.DesignThe Isfahan Healthy Heart Programme (IHHP), a six-year, action-oriented, integrated community-based study aimed at health promotion through the reduction of CVD risk factors, targeted the whole population living in two intervention cities, and compared outcomes with the population of a non-intervention city considered as reference. Dietary interventions were performed as educational, environmental and/or legislative strategies. A global dietary index (GDI) was calculated representing the general dietary behaviour. In addition, two consumption indices were calculated for specific food groups, i.e. meat products and major sources of fat. Univariate AVOVA was conducted to evaluate the impact of the intervention on dietary behaviours.SettingIsfahan and Najaf-Abad (intervention cities) and Arak (reference city), central Iran.SubjectsThe baseline survey was conducted among 12514 randomly selected adults aged ≥19 years in both intervention and reference areas. The survey was repeated annually among about 5000 persons (2002–2005) in the intervention and reference communities.ResultsAccording to significant year × group interactions in mean fat consumption index (FCI) and meat consumption index (MCI) in the total population, a significant improvement in FCI and MCI was found in the intervention areasv. the reference area (P< 0·001). In addition, the GDI improved significantly in the intervention areasv. the reference area (P< 0·001).ConclusionsThe IHHP interventions were effective in improving dietary behaviours at the population level. The highest effectiveness was documented in the change in the type of fat consumed. Such simple and integrated interventions can be adopted in other developing countries with limited financial resources.

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Associations of dietary intake with cardiometabolic risk in a multi-ethnic cohort: a longitudinal analysis of the Determinants of Adolescence, now young Adults, Social well-being and Health (DASH) study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114519000291 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 121 (09) ◽

pp. 1069-1079

Author(s):

Louise M. Goff ◽

Peiyuan Huang ◽

Maria J. Silva ◽

Claire Bordoli ◽

Elli Z. Enayat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Well Being ◽

Dietary Behaviour ◽

Black African ◽

Dietary Behaviours ◽

Black Caribbean ◽

Skipping Breakfast

AbstractUnfavourable dietary habits, such as skipping breakfast, are common among ethnic minority children and may contribute to inequalities in cardiometabolic disease. We conducted a longitudinal follow-up of a subsample of the UK multi-ethnic Determinants of Adolescent Social well-being and Health cohort, which represents the main UK ethnic groups and is now aged 21–23 years. We aimed to describe longitudinal patterns of dietary intake and investigate their impact on cardiometabolic risk in young adulthood. Participants completed a dietary behaviour questionnaire and a 24 h dietary intake recall; anthropometry, blood pressure, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol and HbA1c were measured. The cohort consisted of 107 White British, 102 Black Caribbean, 132 Black African, 98 Indian, 111 Bangladeshi/Pakistani and 115 other/mixed ethnicity. Unhealthful dietary behaviours such as skipping breakfast and low intake of fruits and vegetables were common (56, 57 and 63 %, respectively). Rates of skipping breakfast and low fruit and vegetable consumption were highest among Black African and Black Caribbean participants. BMI and cholesterol levels at 21–23 years were higher among those who regularly skipped breakfast at 11–13 years (BMI 1·41 (95 % CI 0·57, 2·26), P=0·001; cholesterol 0·15 (95 % CI –0·01, 0·31), P=0·063) and at 21–23 years (BMI 1·05 (95 % CI 0·22, 1·89), P=0·014; cholesterol 0·22 (95 % CI 0·06, 0·37), P=0·007). Childhood breakfast skipping is more common in certain ethnic groups and is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in young adulthood. Our findings highlight the importance of targeting interventions to improve dietary behaviours such as breakfast consumption at specific population groups.

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Assessing factors influencing adolescents’ dietary behaviours in urban Ethiopia using participatory photography

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980020002487 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Ursula Trübswasser ◽

Kaleab Baye ◽

Michelle Holdsworth ◽

Megan Loeffen ◽

Edith JM Feskens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Economic Status ◽

Neighbourhood Environment ◽

Individual Interviews ◽

Dietary Behaviours ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Dietary Choices ◽

Packaged Foods ◽

Packaged Food

Abstract Objective: To assess factors influencing dietary behaviours of adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Design: Using the qualitative participatory method Photovoice, participants received training on the basics of Photovoice and took photographs related to (un)healthy eating in their environment. Transcripts of individual interviews, focus group discussions and photographs were coded for thematic analysis. Setting: One private and one public school located in the same, central neighbourhood in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia to explore how school populations of different socio-economic status experience the same neighbourhood environment. Participants: Twenty-six adolescents aged 14–19 years old, of which there were seventeen girls and nine boys. Results: Findings from the current study indicate that food safety concerns appear to be the major influencing factors for adolescents’ dietary choices. Unhealthy and unsafe foods appear to be widely available and/or affordable in adolescents’ neighbourhoods and almost half of the photographs taken by adolescents depicted poor hygiene conditions related to food vendors. Participants considered foods available in their environments as generally unsafe, calling for more packaged food. Conclusions: Concerns for food safety, hygiene and affordability are the dominating factors for adolescents’ food choices. These concerns, together with limited nutrition knowledge and preference for packaged foods, could make cheap, ultra-processed packaged foods more desirable.

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Early collaborations

Interactional Linguistics ◽

10.1075/il.20007.lus ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lyle Lustigman

Keyword(s):

Adult Child ◽

Main Function ◽

Single Word ◽

Child Interaction ◽

Adults And Children ◽

Age Range ◽

Linguistic Structures

Abstract The present study examines the development of ‘but’-introduced clauses in adult-toddler conversations, distinguishing between autonomous productions (I wanna stay but we need to go) and adult-child co-constructed uses (Adult: we’re going home, Child: but I wanna stay). Analyses covered all adult and child aval ‘but’ uses in three longitudinal Hebrew corpora (age-range: 1;5–3;3), showing that: (1) both adults and children mostly use aval ‘but’ in co-construction rather than autonomously; (2) adults begin co-constructing ‘but’-clauses with children months before the children start using ‘but’, mostly by elaborating on single-word child productions before adding the ‘but’-clause (Child: cup , Adult: that’s a cup, but you don’t like juice); (3) as children start combining more clauses, adults gradually conjoin more ‘but’-clauses directly with the children’s productions, without elaboration (Child: let’s go. Adult: but first put on your shoes). These patterns suggest that the main function of ‘but’-clauses in adult-child discourse is co-constructing ideas contributed by two (or more) interlocutors. Such co-constructions are initially scaffolded by the adults, until the children are able to contribute full-fledged propositions to co-constructions. These findings provide further evidence of the role of adult-child interaction in introducing and familiarizing children with new linguistic structures, and advancing their developing grammar.

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Maternal Impressions of the New 2019 Canadian Food Guide Snapshot

Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research ◽

10.3148/cjdpr-2021-014 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Palak Patel ◽

Cynthia Mannion

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Thematic Analysis ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Physically Active ◽

Dietary Changes ◽

Dietary Behaviours

This qualitative study explored the impressions of pregnant Canadian women toward Canada’s Food Guide (CFG) snapshot released in January 2019. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 8 physically active pregnant women. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Three themes emerged: (i) pregnancy changes what I eat; (ii) what is healthy to me? and (iii) a connection with people and food. Pregnancy was the primary factor influencing dietary changes, and messages in the snapshot reinforced some dietary behaviours that participants had already incorporated. Participants wanted information specific to pregnancy but were not aware of available resources pertaining to nutrition on existing websites. Dietitians and other health care professionals should take steps to raise awareness of and ensure wider dissemination of reliable resources on healthy eating during pregnancy including Canada’s Food Guide website.

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Integrating the Familial and the Cultural: An Approach for Analysing Intergenerational Family Relationships in Social Work Practice

The British Journal of Social Work ◽

10.1093/bjsw/bcaa005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (7) ◽

pp. 2152-2171

Author(s):

Chaya Koren ◽

Shiran Simhi-Meidai

Keyword(s):

Social Work ◽

Family Relationships ◽

Adult Child ◽

Work Practice ◽

Late Life ◽

Social Work Practice ◽

Cultural Backgrounds ◽

Individual Interviews ◽

Practice Analysis ◽

Using Data

Abstract When analysing (intergenerational) family relationships for social work practice, it is often unclear what relates to familial and what to cultural bodies of knowledge. Often the conclusion is that ‘they are both’, which challenges family assessment processes. We aim to address this by suggesting an integration between the familial and the cultural, through presenting their shared parameters and constructs. This results in a non-judgemental approach for social work practice analysis. Integration is illustrated using data from a stepfamily that participated in a large qualitative study on the meaning of late-life repartnering, from an intergenerational family and multicultural perspective in Israel, as a case example. The stepfamily included both partners and an adult child and grandchild of each partner. Individual interviews were conducted with each stepfamily member separately and transcribed verbatim. In late-life repartnering, two multigenerational families with potentially diverse cultural backgrounds encounter each other late in their life history and become a stepfamily. This is especially relevant in immigration societies that practice both collectivist and individualist familial norms. A multigenerational stepfamily perspective provides a rich source for examining our familial–cultural integration approach for social work practice analysis and could be applied to other family contexts. Conclusions and implications are addressed.

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Factors influencing dietary behaviours in urban food environments in Africa: a systematic mapping review

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980019005305 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (14) ◽

pp. 2584-2601 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hibbah Osei-Kwasi ◽

Aarti Mohindra ◽

Andrew Booth ◽

Amos Laar ◽

Milka Wanjohi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Prices ◽

Dietary Behaviour ◽

Macro Level ◽

Food Environments ◽

African Countries ◽

Individual Level ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Dietary Behaviours ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Adolescents And Adults

AbstractObjective:To identify factors influencing dietary behaviours in urban food environments in Africa and identify areas for future research.Design:We systematically reviewed published/grey literature (protocol CRD4201706893). Findings were compiled into a map using a socio-ecological model on four environmental levels: individual, social, physical and macro.Setting:Urban food environments in Africa.Participants:Studies involving adolescents and adults (11–70 years, male/female).Results:Thirty-nine studies were included (six adolescent, fifteen adolescent/adult combined and eighteen adult). Quantitative methods were most common (twenty-eight quantitative, nine qualitative and two mixed methods). Studies were from fifteen African countries. Seventy-seven factors influencing dietary behaviours were identified, with two-thirds at the individual level (45/77). Factors in the social (11/77), physical (12/77) and macro (9/77) environments were investigated less. Individual-level factors that specifically emerged for adolescents included self-esteem, body satisfaction, dieting, spoken language, school attendance, gender, body composition, pubertal development, BMI and fat mass. Studies involving adolescents investigated social environment-level factors more, for example, sharing food with friends. The physical food environment was more commonly explored in adults, for example, convenience/availability of food. Macro-level factors associated with dietary behaviours were food/drink advertising, religion and food prices. Factors associated with dietary behaviour were broadly similar for men and women.Conclusions:The dominance of studies exploring individual-level factors suggests a need for research to explore how social, physical and macro-level environments drive dietary behaviours of adolescents and adults in urban Africa. More studies are needed for adolescents and men, and studies widening the geographical scope to encompass all African countries.

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Parenting styles, family structure and adolescent dietary behaviour

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980009992217 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1245-1253 ◽

Cited By ~ 84

Author(s):

Natalie Pearson ◽

Andrew J Atkin ◽

Stuart JH Biddle ◽

Trish Gorely ◽

Charlotte Edwardson

Keyword(s):

Family Structure ◽

Parenting Style ◽

Parenting Styles ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Dietary Behaviour ◽

Authoritative Parenting ◽

Dietary Behaviours ◽

Authoritative Parenting Style ◽

Main Effects ◽

Unhealthy Snacks

AbstractObjectiveTo examine associations between parenting styles, family structure and aspects of adolescent dietary behaviour.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingSecondary schools in the East Midlands, UK.SubjectsAdolescents aged 12–16 years (n 328, 57 % boys) completed an FFQ assessing their consumption of fruit, vegetables, unhealthy snacks and breakfast. Adolescents provided information on parental and sibling status and completed a seventeen-item instrument measuring the general parenting style dimensions of involvement and strictness, from which four styles were derived: indulgent, neglectful, authoritarian, authoritative.ResultsAfter controlling for adolescent gender and age, analysis of covariance revealed no significant interactions between parenting style and family structure variables for any of the dietary behaviours assessed. Significant main effects for family structure were observed only for breakfast consumption, with adolescents from dual-parent families (P < 0·01) and those with no brothers (P < 0·05) eating breakfast on more days per week than those from single-parent families and those with one or more brother, respectively. Significant main effects for parenting style were observed for all dietary behaviours apart from vegetable consumption. Adolescents who described their parents as authoritative ate more fruit per day, fewer unhealthy snacks per day, and ate breakfast on more days per week than those who described their parents as neglectful.ConclusionsThe positive associations between authoritative parenting style and adolescent dietary behaviour transcend family structure. Future research should be food-specific and assess the efficacy of strategies promoting the central attributes of an authoritative parenting style on the dietary behaviours of adolescents from a variety of family structures.

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