scholarly journals Mother's education is the most important factor in socio-economic inequality of child stunting in Iran

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 2010-2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hassan Emamian ◽  
Mansooreh Fateh ◽  
Neman Gorgani ◽  
Akbar Fotouhi
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Index ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mother’S Education ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Mother's Education

AbstractObjectiveMalnutrition is one of the most important health problems, especially in developing countries. The present study aimed to describe the socio-economic inequality in stunting and its determinants in Iran for the first time.DesignCross-sectional, population-based survey, carried out in 2009. Using randomized cluster sampling, weight and height of children were measured and anthropometric indices were calculated based on child growth standards given by the WHO. Socio-economic status of families was determined using principal component analysis on household assets and social specifications of families. The concentration index was used to calculate socio-economic inequality in stunting and its determinants were measured by decomposition of this index. Factors affecting the gap between socio-economic groups were recognized by using the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition method.SettingShahroud District in north-eastern Iran.SubjectsChildren (n 1395) aged <6 years.ResultsThe concentration index for socio-economic inequality in stunting was −0·1913. Mother's education contributed 70 % in decomposition of this index. Mean height-for-age Z-score was −0·544 and −0·335 for low and high socio-economic groups, respectively. Mother's education was the factor contributing most to the gap between these two groups.ConclusionsThere was a significant socio-economic inequality in the studied children. If mother's education is distributed equally in all the different groups of Iranian society, one can expect to eliminate 70 % of the socio-economic inequalities. Even in high socio-economic groups, the mean height-for-age Z-score was lower than the international standards. These issues emphasize the necessity of applying new interventions especially for the improvement of maternal education.

scholarly journals Civil Servant and Heigt Level Education of Bugineses Mother not Significance for Support Paticipation in Growth Monitoring of Child

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Sirajuddin Sirajuddin ◽  
Manjilala Manjilala ◽  
Mustamin Mustamin
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Civil Servant ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Growth Monitoring ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mother’S Education ◽  
Mother's Education

Agent of changes in the health program are civil servant and height education level. The objectives of this study was to analyze maternal employment status and education to the participation in Growth monitoring for child (GMFC). The design of this study was cross sectional in October 2014. The unit of analysis was the mother who has children aged 0-24 months in District Soppeng Riaja and Mallusetasi Barru. Sample size was 416 children were taken by randomly on 15 clusters villages. Data were analyzed using Chi Square test. The results that the characteristics of the mother was having children aged 0-5 months (60.1%), mother's education was basic education down (54.6%), maternal employment was not as civil servants (93.8%), aged mother between 15-35 years (84%), participation had not good (67.5%). The results was no relationship between the work of the father, mother and mother's education work with participation GMFC in Posyandu, respectively p = 0.586, p = 0.449 and p = 0.779. There was a significant correlation between age children with participation in monitoring the growth of children in Barru (p = 0.000). Keywords: child; growth monitoring; maternal education

scholarly journals Relationship Between Maternal Education and Knowledge on Coverage of Exclusive Breastfeeding in Ten Stunting Locus Villages in Pandeglang District, Banten

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Sri Wuryanti ◽  
Himmi Marsiati
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Occupation Number ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Mother’S Education ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Mother's Education

Introduction: Until now, the practice of exclusive breastfeeding is still far from the national target. The success of exclusive breastfeeding is determined by many factors, including the mother’s education, knowledge, and awareness about the importance of breastfeeding for child growth. This study aims to determine the relationship between the mother’s level of education and knowledge on exclusive breastfeeding in ten stunting locus villages located in Pandeglang Regency, Banten, Indonesia. Methods: This study uses a cross-sectional design with data collection methods through interviews and direct observation. The population consists of mothers who have children under 2 years of age. The study was conducted for 6 months from November 2019. The variables studied included the mother’s age, occupation, number of children, education, and knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding. Result: As many as 99.6% of respondents have a good level of knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding. The level of education is low at 44.6%, medium at 50.9%, and high at 4.4%. The results showed there was no significant relationship between the mother’s last education and exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.860) and there was no significant relationship between the mother's level of knowledge and exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.558). Conclusion: No significant relationship was observed between the mother’s education and knowledge on exclusive breastfeeding in ten stunting locus villages located in Pandeglang Regency, Banten.

scholarly journals Analisis Hubungan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif dan Pendidikan Ibu terhadap Perkembangan Bayi

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
Dewi Sartika Siagian ◽  
Sara Herlina
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mother’S Education ◽  
Mother's Education

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of exclusive breastfeeding and mother's education on infant development. This research is a quantitative observational analytic with cross sectional design. The results of univariate analysis show that most babies get exclusive breastfeeding as many as 46 people (55.4%), low education as many as 56 people (67.5%) and most of the normal development of 47 people ( 56.6%). The results of bivariate analysis of exclusive breastfeeding for infant development by chi square test obtained P value <0,000. Conclusions, there is a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding on infant development and bivariate analysis of maternal education on infant development. There is a relationship between mother's education and infant development. Keywords: Exclusive ASI, Mother's Education, Infant Development

Mother’s education level is associated with anthropometric failure among 3- to 12-year-old rural children in Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Pikli Khanra ◽  
Kaushik Bose ◽  
Raja Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Education ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Education Of Women ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Mother’S Education ◽  
Mother's Education

Abstract Maternal education plays a central role in children’s health and nutrition. Living conditions and socioeconomic status are linked with mother’s education, which in turn determines the health and development of a child. The Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) is a single indicator that reflects overall rate of three conventional indices of undernutrition: underweight, stunting and wasting. The study was undertaken among 621 rural Bengalee children (308 boys and 313 girls) aged 3–12 years from the Purba Medinipur district of West Bengal, India. Height (cm) and weight (kg) were recorded and NCHS standard values used to calculate z-scores (<–2SD). The same data were used to calculate CIAF as an indicator of ‘anthropometric failure’ (AF) or undernutrition. The prevalence of AF among the children was 59.40%. Chi-squared analysis was employed to evaluate the significance of differences in the prevalence of CIAF between the sexes and the association between nutritional indicators and socioeconomic parameters in the two sexes. Multiple binary logistic regression (MBLR) analyses (including the forward stepwise method) were also performed. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the risk of having AF. Results showed that mother’s education was significantly associated with undernutrition (AF) controlling for the other factors considered. A very high prevalence of undernutrition is persisting in this region of India despite national nutritional supplementation programmes being operational. More attention to the improvement of living conditions and hygiene, and more particularly the education of women, in this population might be effective in attaining improved child growth and health.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF MATERNAL AGE AT MARRIED, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, HISTORY OF BREASTFEEDING, MOTHER'S EDUCATION AND HIGH RISK OF PREGNANCY WITH INCIDENCE OF STUNTING IN CHILDREN UNDER FIVE-YEARS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Eka Sri Purwandari ◽  
Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani ◽  
Reni Yuli Astutik
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Mother’S Education ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mother's Education

Background: Stunting among children is a problem that has received serious attention from the Indonesian government. Incidence of stunting has decreased from year to year, but the decline still does not meet the World Health Organization (WHO) target. Stunting occurs as a result of chronic malnutrition, especially during the first 1000 days of birth as a vital phase. Chronic nutritional deficiency as a toddler can be caused by various factors, including exclusive breastfeeding, the number of children that must be borne by the family and mother's education. Purpose: This study aimed to analyse the age of the women at marriage, the number of children, mother’s education, history of breastfeeding and pregnancy risk with the incidence of stunting in children under five years.. Methods: The design of this study was analytic with a cross-sectional approach. This research was conducted on toddlers aged 13-60 months in a village of East Java Province, Indonesia, with a sample size of 110 children under five. The statistical test used logistic regression with a confidence level of 95%. Results: Data analysis using logistic regression reveal the relationship between the dependent variable and the incidence of toddler stunting, the following results were obtained: from the mother's age at marriage, the value of ? 0.286, the number of family members ? 0.587, mother's education, ? 0.002, history of breastfeeding, ? 0.884, risk of pregnancy ? 0.696. of the five factors associated with the incidence of under-five stunting in this study, it shows that only mother's education has a very significant relationship with the incidence of under-five stunting (? = 0.002 <? = 0.05). The OR value is 4.724, which means that mothers with primary education have a risk of 4.724 times in the incidence of child stunting. Conclusion: The lower the mother's education provides an opportunity for the incidence of toddler stunting. Maternal education is related to the ability to receive information related to nutrition and child development so that it also has an impact on the preparation of family nutrition. In the long term, improper nutrition can lead to stunting.

scholarly journals Inequality in child undernutrition among urban population in India: a decomposition analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Singh ◽  
Shobhit Srivastava ◽  
Shekhar Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Maternal Factors ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Child Undernutrition

Abstract Background With increasing urbanization in India, child growth among urban poor has emerged as a paramount public health concern amidst the continuously growing slum population and deteriorating quality of life. This study analyses child undernutrition among urban poor and non-poor and decomposes the contribution of various factors influencing socio-economic inequality. This paper uses data from two recent rounds of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3&4) conducted during 2005–06 and 2015–16. Methods The concentration index (CI) and the concentration curve (CC) measure socio-economic inequality in child growth in terms of stunting, wasting, and underweight. Wagstaff decomposition further analyses key contributors in CI by segregating significant covariates into five groups-mother’s factor, health-seeking factors, environmental factors, child factors, and socio-economic factors. Results The prevalence of child undernutrition was more pronounced among children from poor socio-economic strata. The concentration index decreased for stunting (− 0.186 to − 0.156), underweight (− 0.213 to − 0.162) and wasting (− 0.116 to − 0.045) from 2005 to 06 to 2015–16 respectively. The steepness in growth was more among urban poor than among urban non-poor in every age interval. Maternal education contributed about 19%, 29%, and 33% to the inequality in stunting, underweight and wasting, respectively during 2005–06. During 2005–06 as well as 2015–16, maternal factors (specifically mother’s education) were the highest contributory factors in explaining rich-poor inequality in stunting as well as underweight. More than 85% of the economic inequality in stunting, underweight, and wasting among urban children were explained by maternal factors, environmental factors, and health-seeking factors. Conclusion All the nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions in urban areas should be prioritized, focusing on urban poor, who are often clustered in low-income slums. Rich-poor inequality in child growth calls out for integration and convergence of nutrition interventions with policy interventions aimed at poverty reduction. There is also a need to expand the scope of the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) program to provide mass education regarding nutrition and health by making provisions of home visits of workers primarily focusing on pregnant and lactating mothers.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK IBU, RIWAYAT ASI EKSKLUSIF DAN RIWAYAT PENYAKIT INFEKSI DENGAN KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BALITA 12-59 BULAN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS SUKMAJAYA

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farahdilla Azmii, Firlia Ayu Arini
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mother’S Education ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mother's Education

AbstractStunting Prevalence in Sukmajaya District was high enough that could affect brain development. Stunting caused by factors, such as mother's knowledge, mother's education, and family income, history of exclusive breastfeeding and history of infectious diseases. The purpose of this study was to analyze the incidence of stunting, maternal nutrition knowledge, maternal education, family income, history of exclusive breastfeeding and history of infectious diseases related to stunting incidence in infants aged 12-59 months in the working area of UPT Puskesmas Sukmajaya. The research design was using Cross Sectional. Number of respondents in this study were 106 mothers of infant, taken by clustered sampling method. The study was conducted from April to May 2017. Height of infant, mother's nutritional knowledge, mother's education, family income, history of exclusive breastfeeding, and history of infectious diseases were obtained through interviews using questionnaires. The result showed that there were a significant (p <0.05) between correlation mother's nutritional knowledge (p = 0.007), family income (p = 0.037), and history of infectious disease (p = 0.006) to stunting in infants aged 12-59 months. Where as maternal education (p = 0.148) and history of exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.177) there is no correlation (p> 0.05) to stunting in infants 12-59 months. Maternal nutritional knowledge, family income, and history of infection had a significant relationship to stunting in infants 12-59 months. While the mother's education and breast feeding exclusively history is not related to stunting in infant under 12-59 months in the work area of Sukmajaya Community Health Center. Keywords: Characteristics of mother's, breastfeeding exclusively history, history of infectious diseases, Stunting.

scholarly journals Living conditions and receptive vocabulary of children aged two to five years

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 725-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Sílvia Basílio ◽  
Rosana Fiorini Puccini ◽  
Edina Mariko Koga da Silva ◽  
Márcia Regina Marcondes Pedromônico
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Mother’S Education ◽  
Mother's Education

OBJECTIVE: To assess the receptive vocabulary of children aged between two years and six months and five years and eleven months who were attending childcare centers and kindergarten schools. METHODS: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in the municipality of Embu, Southeastern Brazil. The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and analysis of factors associated with children's performance were applied. The sample consisted of 201 children of both genders, aged between two and six years. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariate analysis and logistic regression model. The dependent variable analyzed was test performance and the independent variables were child's age, mother's level of education and family socio-demographic characteristics. RESULTS: It was observed that 44.3% of the children had performances in the test that were below what would be expected for their age. The factors associated with the best performances in the test were child's age (OR=2.4; 95% CI: 1.6-3.5) and mother's education level (OR= 3.2; 95% CI: 1.3-7.4). CONCLUSIONS: Mother's education level is important for child's language development. Settings such as childcare and kindergarten schools are protective factors for child development in families of low income and education.

scholarly journals Sustained Positive Deviant Child Care Practices and Their Effects on Child Growth in Viet Nam

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (4_suppl2) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Agnes Trinh Mackintosh ◽  
David R. Marsh ◽  
Dirk G. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Child Growth ◽  
Program Completion ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Nutrition Program ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total N ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

Save the Children's (SC) successful integrated nutrition program in Viet Nam, the poverty alleviation and nutrition program (PANP), uses the positive deviance (PD) approach to identify key growth promoting behaviors and provides participatory adult education allowing mothers to develop skills related to these behaviors. We investigated whether improvements seen during a PANP intervention (1993–1995) were sustained three and four years after SC's departure. Cross-sectional surveys were administered to 46 randomly selected households in four communes that had previously participated in the PANP and 25 households in a neighboring comparison community in 1998 and 1999. Two children per household, an older child who had participated in the PANP and a younger sibling who had not, were measured (total n = 142 children), and their mothers were interviewed. Older SC children tended to be better nourished than their counterparts. Their younger siblings were significantly better nourished than those in the comparison group, with adjusted mean weight-for-age Z scores of −1.82 versus −2.45 ( p = .007), weight-for-height Z scores of −0.71 versus −1.45 ( p < .001), and height-for-age Z scores of −2.11 and −2.37 (ns, p = .4), respectively. SC mothers reporting feeding the younger siblings more than their counterparts did (2.9 versus 2.2 main meals per day, p < .001, and 96.2% versus 52% offering snacks, p < .01]. SC mothers reported washing their hands “often” more than comparison mothers (100% vs. 76%, p < .001). Growth-promoting behaviors identified through PD studies and practiced through neighborhood-based rehabilitation sessions persisted years after program completion. These sustained behaviors contributed to better growth of younger siblings never exposed to the program.

scholarly journals Stunting and its Determinants among Governmental Primary School Children in Egypt: A School-based Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (B) ◽  
pp. 650-657
Author(s):  
Ammal M. Metwally ◽  
Marwa El-Sonbaty ◽  
Lobna A. El Etreby ◽  
Ebtissam M. Salah El-Din ◽  
Nabih Abdel Hamid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mother’S Education ◽  
Skipping Breakfast ◽  
Mother's Education

BACKGROUND: In developing countries, stunting among children is a major public health concern. It affects all aspects of children’s lives; its effects are not constrained to physical wellbeing but reach out to mental, social, and spiritual wellbeing. AIM: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of stunting in some of the Egyptian governmental primary school children and its nutritional and socioeconomic determinants. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on primary school children aged 6–12 years. General demographic, socioeconomic, and anthropometric data, as well as dietary pattern, were collected. RESULTS: Out of 1740 children, 7.8% were stunted. Not eating eggs and dairy products had the most profound effect on stunting in children (p < 0.001). Not having meals on time, skipping breakfast, and having <3 meals per day were predictors of stunting (p = 0.003, p = 0.00, and p = 0.008, respectively). Mother’s education (p = 0.005) followed by family income (p = 0.007) was the most affecting social factors. CONCLUSION: There are many nutritional factors associated with stunting as skipping breakfast, not having meals on time, and having <3 meals per day. Scarcity in nutritive foods as eggs and dairy products and increased soft drink intake can lead to stunting. There are many enabling social factors for stunting as mother’s education and family income. However, the effects of these factors can be modified by health awareness.

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