Pre-pregnancy body mass index is associated with offspring body composition in adulthood before adiposity-related disorders: a retrospective cohort

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Ilana Eshriqui ◽  
Angélica Marques Martins Valente ◽  
Luciana Dias Folchetti ◽  
Bianca de Almeida-Pititto ◽  
Sandra Roberta G. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Directed Acyclic Graphs ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Three Body

Abstract Objective: To investigate the association between maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and offspring body composition in adulthood. Design: Retrospective cohort. Undergraduates of nutrition or nutritionists were recruited at the baseline of the Nutritionists’ Health Study between 2014 and 2017. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and current life aspects were self-reported through online questionnaires. Three body compartments were DXA-determined. The following variables were obtained: body-fat (%), fat mass index (FMI) (kg/m2), android-to-gynoid fat ratio, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (cm3), appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) (kg/m2), total bone and femur mineral content (g) and density (g/cm2). Linear regression adjusted according to directed acyclic graphs recommendation was performed. Setting: São Paulo, Brazil. Participants: Healthy non-pregnant women (aged 20-45 years) (n=150). Results: Median age and BMI were 22 years (IQR=20; 29) and 22.3 kg/m2 (IQR=20.4; 25.3). Pre-pregnancy BMI≥25 kg/m2 was reported by 14.7% of mothers. In fully adjusted models, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with their daughters’ body-fat % (β=0.31; 95%CI=0.0004; 0.63), FMI (β=0.17; 95%CI=0.03; 0.30, android-to-gynoid ratio (β=0.01; 95%CI=0.004; 0.02) and VAT (β=0.09; 95%CI=0.02; 0.16), but not with total bone density (β=0.001; 95%CI=-0.003; 0.006) and content (β=7.13; 95%CI=-4.19; 18.46). Direct association with ASMI was also detected, but lost statistical significance when participants whose mothers were underweight were excluded. Conclusions: Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index was directly associated with offspring general and visceral adiposity but seem not to be associated with bone mass. Results reinforce importance of avoiding excess of maternal adiposity, as an attempt to break the vicious cycle of obesity transmission.

scholarly journals Despite Low Obesity Rates, Body Mass Index Under-Estimated Obesity among Russian Police Officers When Compared to Body Fat Percentage

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie M. Heinrich ◽  
Konstantin G. Gurevich ◽  
Anna N. Arkhangelskaia ◽  
Oleg P. Karazhelyaskov ◽  
Walker S. C. Poston
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage

In some countries, obesity rates among police officers are higher than the general public, despite physically demanding jobs. Obesity rates based on body mass index (BMI) may lack accuracy as BMI does not directly address body composition. Since data are lacking for obesity rates among Russian police officers, this study documented and compared officer obesity rates to the adult Russian population and compared the accuracy of body mass index (BMI) for obesity classification to two direct measures of body composition. Moscow region police officers (N = 182, 84% men) underwent height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and body fat percentage (BF%) bioelectrical impedance measurements during annual medical examinations. BMI-defined obesity rates were 4.6% for men and 17.2% for women, which were >3 and >1.8 times lower than Russian adults, respectively. WC-defined obesity rates were similar to BMI (3.3% for men and 10.3% for women), but BF%-defined obesity rates were much higher (22.2% for men and 55.2% for women). Although obesity rates were lower than those found among police officers in other countries, BMI alone was not a particularly accurate method for classifying weight status among Russian police officers.

scholarly journals Aerobic exercise-induced changes in body composition and blood lipids in young women

Medicina ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvydas Stasiulis ◽  
Asta Mockienė ◽  
Daiva Vizbaraitė ◽  
Pranas Mockus
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Cycling Training

The objective of the study was to assess changes in body composition, blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in 18–24-year-old women during the period of two-month aerobic cycling training. Material and methods. Young, healthy, nonsmoking women (n=19) volunteered to participate in this study. They were divided in two groups: experimental (E, n=10) and control (C, n=9). The subjects of group E exercised 3 times a week with intensity of the first ventilatory threshold and duration of 60 min. The group C did not exercise regularly over a two-month period of the experiment. The subjects of group E were tested before and after 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of the experiment. The participants of group C were tested twice with an eight-week interval. Results. Body weight, body mass index, body fat mass, and triacylglycerol (TAG) concentration decreased and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-ch) concentration increased after the 8-week training program in the experimental group (P<0.05). Blood total cholesterol (Tch) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-ch) concentrations did not change significantly. Body weight and body mass index started to decrease after 2 weeks of the experiment, but significant changes were observed only after 6 and 8 weeks. Body fat mass was significantly decreased after 2 and 8 weeks of aerobic training. A significant increase in HDL-ch concentration was observed after 4, 6, and 8 weeks. A significant decrease in TAG concentration was observed after 2-week training. No significant changes in all the parameters except TAG (it was slightly increased) were seen in the control group. Conclusions. The two-month aerobic cycling training (within VT1, 60-min duration, three times a week) may induce significant changes in the parameters of body composition – body weight, body mass index, body fat mass, and blood lipids – in young women. The following significant changes were observed: TAG level decreased after 2 weeks, body mass and body mass index decreased after 6 weeks, body fat mass decreased and HDL-ch level increased after 8 weeks. Peak oxygen uptake increased after 4 weeks.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of Physical Fitness and Body Composition of 5—7 Year-Old Children of Several Kaunas Preschools and Interaction between those Indexes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (73) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrija Čapkauskienė ◽  
Kristina Visagurskienė ◽  
Rima Bakienė ◽  
Irena Vitkienė ◽  
Daiva Vizbaraitė
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
General Physical

Childhood obesity is a key public health issue around the globe in developed and developing countries (Dugan, 2008). The recent worldwide increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity may be due in part to a decrease in children’s physical activity levels (Ball et al., 2001). It is necessary to develop early interventions to improve physical fitness in children and to prevent the increase of childhood obesity (Brunet et al., 2006). So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the body composition and physical fitness of children aged 5—7 years and to estimate the interaction between body composition components and physical fitness tests. Participants: 216 children participated in this study: 104 girls, mean age 5.90 ± 0.63 years and 112 boys — mean age 5.98 ± 0.50 years from Kaunas city (Lithuania) preschools. Methods: all the subjects have been measured for their height, body mass, waist circumference (WC) and skinfolds at 2 different places — triceps and subscapular. Body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat mass (BFM) were evaluated. All the participants did four physical fitness tests including speed shuttle run, 20 meters distance run, standing long jump and throwing 1 kg ball. General physical fitness level was evaluated based on B. Sekita (1988) methods. Results. Results showed that BMI did not significantly differ between boys and girls, and was evaluated as “optimal” for both groups. BFM was significantly higher in girls (p < 0.001), and WC did not differ between genders. But WC had a tendency to increase with age in both boys and girls. Strong relationship was observed between BMI and BFM (r = 0.660, r = 0.660 respectively; p < 0.01), and between BMI and WC (r = 0.703, r = 0.826 respectively; p < 0.01) for both boys and girls. The results of physical tests showed that boys did all the tests better than girls (p < 0.01). When we evaluated the general physical fitness of each child, the results indicated that their physical fitness waslow, evaluated as “good enough” for most boys and girls. General physical fitness of children negatively but slightly correlated with BFM (r = –0.201; p < 0.001), it indicated that higher BFM determined lower evaluation of general physical fitness.Conclusions. Optimal body weight, according to body mass index, percentage body fat mass and waist circumference, was established for the bigger part of children, aged 5—7 years old. This study shows that physical fitness of children was low — evaluated as “good enough” and negatively correlated with body fat mass, showing that high body fat mass negatively impacted physical fitness.Key words: body mass index, percentage body fat mass, waist circumference, physical fitness.

scholarly journals Body Mass Index and Measures of Body Fat for Defining Obesity and Underweight: A Cross-Sectional of Various Specialties in Montenegrin Army Soldiers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stevo POPOVIC ◽  
Boris BANJEVIC ◽  
Bojan MASANOVIC ◽  
Dusko BJELICA
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
General Terms

Background: The body composition and physical fitness of members of the army is always a relevant topic for research, since the level of defense and security of people and material goods in a specific territory in many ways depends on the level of ability of the army. However, members of the armed forces are a heterogeneous group, typified by different abilities, characteristics, but also everyday needs, and the trend of changing body composition and reducing physical fitness is a current issue that has not bypassed this population either. Therefore, this study aimed to determine possible differences in body composition indicators that could appear between members of the Army of Montenegro of different military specialties. Methods: The sample of respondents included 240 Montenegrin male soldiers (32.5yr±9.5), who were measured at the sports dispensaries within the barracks of Montenegrin Army around the country in the spring of 2020, was classified into eight numerically equal subsamples according to their military specialty. The sample of variables included five anthropometric measures, which were necessary to calculate two derived body composition indicators: Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body Fat Percentage (FAT %). Using the one-way ANOVA and Post Hoc test with Taki’s model, the variables were analyzed. Results: It was determined that the body composition of Montenegrin soldiers shows a certain peculiarity compared to other national military corps, while there are differences in body composition indicators between members of the Montenegrin Army of different military specialties. Conclusion: This fact dramatically strengthens the issues of Montenegrin distinctive regarding body composition, both in general terms and in terms of distinctive within specific professional vocations.  

scholarly journals Design and Validation of the Equation for Correction of Body Mass Index

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-411
Author(s):  
Abbas Farjad Pezeshk ◽  
◽  
Nader Nokhodchi ◽  
Mohammad Yousefi ◽  
Saeed Ilbeigi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Body Fat Percent ◽  
The Relationship

Background and Aims: The Body Mass Index (BMI) is considered one of the most common indexes for examining the health. The purpose of this study was the design and validation of the equations for the accuracy of BMI. Methods: In the current 419 athletic and non-athletic subjects participated in this study. Anthropometrical measurement was performed using International Standard for Anthropometry and Kinanthropometry (ISAK) protocol, and mesomorphic and endomorphic calculated based on the Heath-Carter methods. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between BMI and body fat percent, mesomorphic and endomorphic values. Multiple regressions were used to predict BMI. Results: There is a high correlation between BMI with mesomorphic and endomorphic values (P<0.01), but the correlation of BMI with mesomorphic in athletic men was higher than endomorphic (0.77 vs. 0.63). Multiple regression produces some equations for predicting mesomorphic and endomorphic, and bland Altman believes that all equations predict fatness. Conclusion: According to the results, the Equations proposed in this study could appropriately turn BMI to predict body composition so that this equation could determine higher BMI because of the higher muscular mass.

scholarly journals Variation in dietary intake and body fatness by socioeconomic status among women in the context of Costa Rican nutrition transitions

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Traci A. Bekelman ◽  
Carolina Santamaría-Ulloa ◽  
Darna L. Dufour
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
Percentage Body Fat

AbstractThe Nutrition Transition model posits that vegetable oils, animal source foods (ASFs) and caloric sweeteners contribute to increases in adiposity and hence body mass index. Body mass index (BMI) is increasing more rapidly among Latin American populations of low versus high socioeconomic status (SES). The objectives of this study among Costa Rican women were to: (1) compare indicators of adiposity and dietary intake by SES and (2) evaluate the relationship between intake of foods high in vegetable oils, ASFs or caloric sweeteners and body fatness. This cross-sectional study, conducted in 2014–2015, included 128 low-, middle- and high-SES non-pregnant, non-lactating women aged between 25 and 45 years with 1–4 live births. Anthropometry was used to assess BMI, body composition and body fat distribution. Dietary recalls (n = 379) were used to assess dietary intake. Percentage body fat was greater in low- versus high-SES women (31.5 ± 3.9 vs 28.2 ± 4.7%). Skinfold measurements at four sites on the upper and lower body were greater in low- versus high-SES women. Body mass index did not vary in low- versus high-SES women. Intake frequency of foods high in vegetable oils was greater in low- and middle- (1.8 and 1.8 times/day, respectively) versus high- (1.1 times/day) SES women. For individual foods, intake frequency varied significantly by SES for high-fat condiments, fried vegetables, dairy, sweetened coffee/tea and pastries and desserts. Intake frequency of Nutrition Transition food categories was not associated with percentage body fat after adjustment for energy intake. Indicators of body composition provide additional information beyond BMI that are useful in understanding SES–adiposity associations in Latin America. Approaches to understanding diet and adiposity in Latin America that focus on vegetable oils, ASFs and caloric sweeteners should consider within-country variation in the pace of the Nutrition Transition, especially when explaining variation in adiposity by SES.

Abstract P135: Body Mass Index and Indicators of Adiposity Are Adversely Associated With Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes Over 18 Months

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah M Lipsky ◽  
Tonja R Nansel ◽  
Denise L Haynie ◽  
Lori M Laffel ◽  
Sanjeev N Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Insulin Regimen ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Cardiovascular Biomarkers

Hypothesis: The association of excess weight with an adverse cardiometabolic profile in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is unclear. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that increasing BMI and adiposity indicators in youth with T1D are adversely associated with glycemic control and cardiovascular biomarkers. Methods: Subjects were youth participants of a family-based randomized controlled dietary intervention (N=136, age=12.3±2.5y, baseline A1c=8.1±1.1%). Glycemic control (A1c and 1,5-Anhydroglucitol, 1,5-Ag), body mass index (BMI, from measured height and weight), serum lipids (total cholesterol, TC; HDL-cholesterol, HDL-C; LDL-cholesterol, LDL-C; triglycerides, TG), inflammation (c-reactive protein, CRP), oxidative stress (8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha, 8-iso-PGF2α), adiponectin and blood pressure (systolic, SBP; diastolic, DBP) were assessed at baseline and every 6 months for 18 months. Total and truncal lean, fat-free mass and percent fat (%fat) were measured by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scan at baseline, 12 months and 18 months. Multi-level linear mixed effects regression models (with a random intercept and a random slope for time) were used to estimate associations of time-varying BMI and body composition with time-varying indicators of glycemic control and cardiometabolic health. Covariates included time, sex, height, baseline age, treatment assignment, baseline diabetes duration, insulin regimen, insulin dose/kg and physical activity. Probability values <0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: Time-varying BMI and body composition indicators were differentially associated with time-varying glycemic control and cardiometabolic indicators. A1C was unrelated to BMI and body composition, although 1,5-Ag was inversely associated with total %fat; inverse associations of 1,5-Ag with BMI and trunk %fat approached statistical significance (p=0.07). LDL-C was positively associated with trunk fat and trunk %fat; TG and HDL-C were positively associated with BMI and trunk fat, and HDL-C was inversely associated with total lean and trunk lean mass. CRP was positively associated with BMI, and with total and truncal fat and %fat. SBP and DBP were positively associated with BMI, %fat, trunk fat and trunk %fat. TC, 8-iso-PGF2α and adiponectin were unrelated to BMI and body composition. Discussion: In a sample of youth with moderately well-controlled T1D, time-varying BMI and indicators of body fat were not universally associated with time-varying glycemic control and cardiometabolic indicators over 18 months. Significant associations of adiposity indicators, particularly BMI and trunk fat, with hyperglycemic excursions (1,5-Ag), several blood lipids (TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C), and inflammation (8-iso-PGF2α) suggest a role of excess body weight in the development of cardiovascular risk in this sample.

scholarly journals Association between body mass index and severe infection in older adults with microscopic polyangiitis: a retrospective cohort in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Sugiyama ◽  
Makoto Yamaguchi ◽  
Takayuki Katsuno ◽  
Shiho Iwagaitsu ◽  
Hironobu Nobata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Microscopic Polyangiitis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
Low Bmi

Abstract Background Although previous studies have evaluated risk factors for the incidence of severe infection in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV), the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and severe infection in AAV has not been elucidated. We hypothesized that older adults with AAV and a low BMI would be at a higher risk of infection. We therefore investigated the association between underweight status at AAV diagnosis and subsequent occurrence of severe infection in older adults with AAV. Methods This single-center retrospective cohort study included 93 consecutive older adults with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) treated at the Aichi Medical University Hospital in Japan between 2004 and 2018. The relationships between BMI at diagnosis and subsequent first severe infection were assessed using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. The cumulative probability of the development of the first severe infection was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. The level of statistical significance was set at P <  0.05. Results During the median follow-up period of 19 (6–53) months, 29 (31.2%) patients developed at least one severe infection. Older age (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14–3.52, per 10 years; P =  0.016), low BMI (< 18.5 kg/m2 compared with normal BMI [18.5–23.0 kg/m2], adjusted HR =  2.63, 95% CI: 1.11–6.19; P =  0.027), and use of methylprednisolone pulse therapy (adjusted HR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.07–5.76; P =  0.034) were found to be significant predictors of severe infection. Conclusions Low BMI was associated with a higher risk of severe infection in older adults with MPA, suggesting that careful management may be required to prevent this complication in this vulnerable group. Further studies are needed to elucidate the optimal treatment strategy for these patients.

scholarly journals The effect of Zumba exercises on body composition, dynamic balance and functional fitness parameters in 15-17 years old women with high body mass index

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Eroğlu Kolayiş ◽  
P. Arol
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
School Students ◽  
Functional Movement

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in body composition-dynamic balance and functional movement capacity of 60 female high school students with body mass index (BMI) over 24.9 before and after the eight-week zumba exercise program. Material: The study included 60 volunteer healthy young women whose body mass index was higher than 24.9 (mean age: 16.75 ± 0.43 years, mean weight: 75.99±10.91 kg, mean body fat: 36.83 ± 6.1%, BMI: 29.56 ± 4.12). The portable stadiometer Seca-213 was used to determine the lengths of the study group. TANITA-Bc 545 N Innerscan Segmental Body Composition Analyzer, “Y-Balance Test was implemented to determine the dynamic balance values for the lower and upper extremities, Functional Movement Screen (FMS) test was used to determine functional movement capacity. To determine the number of heart beats during zumba exercises, Polar M430 Heart Rate Monitor was used and a total of 24 zumba exercise sessions were conducted from three days a week for eight weeks. Results: According to the findings of the study, during the 8-week zumba training program, it is seen that it provided statistically significant improvement in total body weight loss (p=.000), BMI parameter (p=.000), body fat % (p=.002), FMS values (p=.000) and lower an upper extremity dynamic balance parameters (p=.000). Conclusions: It was found that the eight-week zumba training program had positive effects body composition values, functional mobility assessment results and dynamic balance parameters of high school students with a high body mass index of 15-17 years of age.

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