scholarly journals Diet quality among Indigenous and non-Indigenous children and youth in Canada in 2004 and 2015: a repeated cross-sectional design

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Natalie D. Riediger ◽  
Jeff LaPlante ◽  
Adriana Mudryj ◽  
Luc Clair
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Indigenous Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Abstract Objective: The objectives were to describe changes in diet quality between off-reserve Indigenous and non-Indigenous children and youth from 2004 to 2015, and examine the association between food security and diet quality. Design: We utilized a repeated cross-sectional design using both the 2004 and 2015 nutrition-focused Canadian Community Health Surveys, including 24-hour dietary recall. Diet quality was estimated according to the Health Eating Index (HEI). Setting: The surveys were conducted off-reserve in Canada’s 10 provinces. Participants: Our analysis included children and youth 2-17 years old (n=18,189). Indigenous and non-Indigenous participants were matched and using a General Linear Model, we tested time period and (non-)Indigenous identifiers, including their interaction effect, as predictors of HEI. Results: Both Indigenous and non-Indigenous children and youth had significantly higher HEI scores in 2015 as compared to 2004. There was not a significant (non-)Indigenous and time period interaction effect, indicating the improvements in diet quality in 2015 were similar between both Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations. Improvements in diet quality are largely attributed to reductions in percent energy from “other” foods, though a disparity between Indigenous and non-Indigenous children and youth persisted in 2015. Overall, food security was lower among the Indigenous population and positively, and independently, associated with diet quality overall, though this relationship differed between boys and girls. Conclusions: School policies may have contributed to similar improvements in diet quality among Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations. However, an in-depth sex and gender-based analysis of the relationship between food security and diet quality is required.

scholarly journals Food Security and Diet Quality in Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, and Filipino Infants 3 to 12 Months of Age

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2120
Author(s):  
Sally Campbell ◽  
John J. Chen ◽  
Carol J. Boushey ◽  
Heather Eicher-Miller ◽  
Fengqing Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Native Hawaiian ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Pacific Islander ◽  
Infant Food ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Food insecurity and other nutritional risks in infancy pose a lifelong risk to wellbeing; however, their effect on diet quality in Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, and Filipino (NHPIF) infants in Hawai‘i is unknown. In this cross-sectional analysis, the association between various indicators of food security and NHPIF infant diet quality were investigated in 70 NHPIF infants aged 3–12 months residing on O‘ahu, Hawai‘i. The dietary assessments of the infants were collected using a mobile food recordTM. Foods consumed across four days were categorized into seven food groups. Indicators for food security were examined through an adapted infant food security index and other indicators. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests, independent sample t-tests, multinomial logistic regression, and linear regression models. In models adjusting for age and sex, infants defined as food insecure by the adapted index were found to consume foods from more food groups and consume flesh foods on a greater proportion of days. Of the indicators examined, the adapted index was shown to be the best indicator for food group consumption. Further work is needed on a more representative sample of NHPIF infants to determine the impact that food security has on nutritional status and other indicators of health.

scholarly journals Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ketahanan pangan rumah tangga di Kota Medan

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Nathasa Weisdania Sihite ◽  
Ikeu Tanziha
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Food ◽  
The Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Sufficient Food

Sufficient food availability in an area does not guarantee household food security. Household food security is a condition for the fulfillment of food for every household both in terms of quantity and quality. The purpose of this research was to determine the factors related to household food security in Medan City.  The research design used was a cross-sectional design. The location was in Medan Kota and Medan Denai District that chosen purposively with criteria for poverty level is 15-20 percent. The household sample was taken randomly as 120 households with the criteria prosperity (Pra KS and KS 1,2,3). The result of the research shows that 67,5% of households were household food insecurity, and 32,5% of households were household food security. Household expenditure has a relationship with household food security (p= 0,000), while the age of the household head, number of family members, and education level did not show any relationship (p> 0,05). In conclusion, that household expenditure has a direct effect on the status of household food security in Medan City. There needs to be a strategy and active participation from the local government in overcoming the problem of household food security in Medan City.

scholarly journals Food security of food recipients of a food pantry and soup kitchen

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1451-1460
Author(s):  
Tamara Y Mousa ◽  
Jeanne H Freeland-Graves
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Pantry ◽  
Soup Kitchen ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveTo discern the impact of food donations provided by a food pantry and soup kitchen on food security.DesignIn this cross-sectional study, participants completed a demographic questionnaire, core food security module, FFQ and list of food donations. The FFQ was utilized to assess diet quality as estimated via the 2010 Healthy Eating Index.SettingClients were selected randomly from a food pantry and soup kitchen in Central Texas, USA.ParticipantsA total of 222 adults.ResultsApproximately 73 % of participants lacked food security. Compared with the food secure, the food insecure consisted of 61 % men, 42 % Caucasians, 56 % single and 67 % homeless. Also, of the food insecure, 60 % were soup kitchen clients and 64 % had an annual income <$US 1000 (P<0·01). The probability of food insecurity was reduced by ≥1·17-fold when the total dietary intake included the food donations, as these were rich in fruits, total vegetables and grains, dairy and protein foods (P<0·05).ConclusionsFood insecurity was quite prevalent in this sample of individuals who visited food pantries and soup kitchens. The addition of food donations improved the quality of the participants’ total diet and had a positive influence on food security. Thus, community organizations should financially support these food assistance agencies and strive to offer a variety of healthy and tasty foods in adequate quantities to provide optimum diet quality.

Household food security and diet quality with chronic energy deficiency among preconception women

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-122
Author(s):  
Pradita Putri Ramadhani ◽  
Fillah Fithra Dieny ◽  
Dewi Kurniawati ◽  
Hartanti Sandi ◽  
Deny Yudi Fitranti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Chronic Energy Deficiency ◽  
Household Food

Background: Chronic energy deficiency (CED) that occurs at risk preconception women during pregnancy increased low birth weight (LBW) in infants. Household food security and diet quality are factors that cause CED. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between household food security and diet quality with CED preconception women.Materials and Methods: We used a cross-sectional study design. The subject of 70 preconception women aged 16-35 years registered in the religious affairs office in Sumowono and Pringapus Subdistrict were selected by consecutive sampling method. Weight and height were measured to assess body mass index to determine CED. Household food security was measured using the Household Food Security Scale Module (HFSSM). Food intake data were obtained using the Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) and DQI-I (Diet Quality Index-International) to measure diet quality. Bivariate analyses were tested using Rank Spearman and Pearson Product Moment.Results: The prevalence of subjects with CED risk was 48.6% and subjects with  CED was 15.7%. 38.6% of subjects married at the age of 16-20 years, 75.1% of subjects had low household food security and 80% of subjects had low diet quality. There was no significant relationship between household food security and diet quality with CED, namely (p = 0.537) and (p = 0.711). The components of diet quality, namely variation, adequacy, moderation and balance also did not show a significant relationship with CED, respectively with p-value (p = 0.711), (p = 0.523), (p = 0.412), (p = 0.604 )Conclusions: There was no correlation between household food security and CED, also no correlation between diet quality and CED.

scholarly journals A longer time spent at childcare is associated with lower diet quality among children aged 5–6 years, but not those aged 1.5–2 and 3–4 years: Dietary Observation and Nutrient intake for Good health Research in Japanese young children (DONGuRI) study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yui Yoshii ◽  
Kentaro Murakami ◽  
Keiko Asakura ◽  
Shizuko Masayasu ◽  
Satoshi Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Reference Intakes ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Abstract Objective: To examine the association between the amount of time spent at childcare and diet quality in 668 Japanese children aged 1·5–6 years. Design: A cross-sectional design was used. Dietary information was collected using dietary records (1 d for children aged 1·5–2 years and 2 d for children aged 3–6 years). Diet quality was assessed by counting the number of nutrients not meeting the Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI). Each child’s guardian reported the average amount of time spent at childcare per d for the previous 1 month. Setting: In total, 315 childcare centres located in twenty-four areas in Japan. Participants: In total, 753 children aged 1·5–6 years who attend childcare facilities. Results: After adjustment for potential confounders, OR for the low diet quality (≥ 5 of twenty nutrients not meeting DRI) in long (≥10 h/d) v. medium (8–10 h/d) childcare hours was 4·81 (95 % CI 1·96, 11·8) among children aged 5–6 years. There was no significant association in children aged 1·5–2 and 3–4 years. Conclusion: This study showed that long time spent at childcare was strongly associated with low diet quality among children aged 5–6 years, but not those aged 1·5–2 and 3–4 years. More research is needed to clarify different associations in each age group.

scholarly journals The association of household food security, household characteristics and school environment with obesity status among off-reserve First Nations and Métis children and youth in Canada: results from the 2012 Aboriginal Peoples Survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmin Bhawra ◽  
Martin Cooke ◽  
Yanling Guo ◽  
Piotr Wilk
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
First Nations ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Aboriginal Peoples ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Indigenous Children

Introduction Indigenous children are twice as likely to be classified as obese and three times as likely to experience household food insecurity when compared with non-Indigenous Canadian children. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between food insecurity and weight status among Métis and off-reserve First Nations children and youth across Canada. Methods We obtained data on children and youth aged 6 to 17 years (n = 6900) from the 2012 Aboriginal Peoples Survey. We tested bivariate relationships using Pearson chi-square tests and used nested binary logistic regressions to examine the food insecurity−weight status relationship, after controlling for geography, household and school characteristics and cultural factors. Results Approximately 22% of Métis and First Nations children and youth were overweight, and 15% were classified as obese. Over 80% of the sample was reported as food secure, 9% experienced low food security and 7% were severely food insecure. Off-reserve Indigenous children and youth from households with very low food security were at higher risk of overweight or obese status; however, this excess risk was not independent of household socioeconomic status, and was reduced by controlling for household income, adjusted for household size. Negative school environment was also a significant predictor of obesity risk, independent of demographic, household and geographic factors. Conclusion Both food insecurity and obesity were prevalent among the Indigenous groups studied, and our results suggest that a large proportion of children and youth who are food insecure are also overweight or obese. This study reinforces the importance of including social determinants of health, such as income, school environment and geography, in programs or policies targeting child obesity.

Factors Associated With Malaria in Indigenous Children Between 2007 - 2018, Amazonas State, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Ferreira de Aguiar ◽  
Bruna Martins Meireles ◽  
Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro ◽  
Maria Jacirema Ferreira Goncalves
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Indigenous Children ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Amazonas State

Abstract Background: malaria is a serious problem in the Amazonas state, especially in areas near forests. Indigenous populations living in these areas are very vulnerable to malaria infection. In addition, the disease severely affects children because their immune system is less well developed, and thus causes more severe symptoms. Therefore, the intersection between these two groups, indigenous people and children, is characterized by an important public health problem. The objective is to identify the factors associated with malaria in indigenous children in the Amazonas state, Brazil, from 2007 to 2018.Methods: This is an epidemiological, quantitative and cross-sectional study involving children under 15 years, and using data from health system notifications between 2007 and 2018, with the Amazonas state, Brazil, as a place of residence and probable infection setting. The variables are clinical-epidemiological, laboratorial and case follow-up, which were analyzed then stratified as to whether the case involved indigenous children or those of other races and entries for which no race data was given. The estimation of Odds Ratio with a confidence interval was obtained by multivariate logistic regression. Results: the factors associated with malaria in indigenous children were attributed to being of the female sex, age from 0 to 4 years, passive case surveillance, high load of parasitemia or lack of data regarding the level of parasitemia, parasitic forms containing Plasmodium falciparum were more frequent, as well as timeliness of treatment, which corresponds to the time between the onset of symptoms and the start of treatment being less than 48 hours. Conclusion: the factors associated with malaria in indigenous children highlight the difference in race, suggest more severity of the disease and more malarial infections in this population, and, as a result, malaria has a great impact on the health of the indigenous children.

scholarly journals Dietary pattern and its’ association with anemia among infants aged 6-23 months in central-south China. 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-hui Zou ◽  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Ai-bing Zhen ◽  
Zhi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
South China ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Central South

Abstract Backgroud: Anemia is widely prevalent among children, and this study aims to understand dietary patterns and its’ association with anemia.Methods: A cross-sectional design in two time period was conducted at Mayang in 2015 and in 2018. The diet data was collected by questionnaire, and dietary patterns were identified by exploratory factor analysis. Hemoglobin (Hb) was measured to assess the status of anemia. The association between the dietary patterns and anemia was assessed by the logistic regression model.Results: The mean age of infants were 14.06 months in 2015 and 16.58 months in 2018. Four dietary patterns were identified among infants aged 6-23 months in central-south China. Diversified pattern: mainly tubers, dairy products, bean and bean products; traditional pattern:mainly cereals, water and soup, and other vegetables and fruits; breast milk pattern: mainly breast milk but less powered formulas; and multi-nutrient powders pattern: mainly multi-nutrient powders. The prevalence of anemia among infant reduced from 29.49% in 2015 to 20.26% in 2018. The top quartile (Q4) of diversified pattern and multi-nutrient powders pattern deminished the risk of anemia by 45% (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.30 to 0.99, P = 0.047) and 59% (OR = 0.41,95% CI: 0.22 to 0.78, P = 0.006) compared to the lowest quartile (Q1), while the breast milk pattern had a 3.26-fold greater risk of anemia than the lowest quartile (Q1) (OR = 3.26,95%CI:1.83 to 5.81, P <0.001).Conclusions: Four dietary patterns were identified among infants aged 6-23 months in central-south China. The pattern with a variety of food groups should be strengthened to improve anemia among infants.

scholarly journals Immunization Punctuality in The Achievement of Complete Basic Immunization for Babies Age 12-22 Months in Semarang

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ayun Sriatmi ◽  
Wulan Kusumastuti
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Means ◽  
Immunization Status ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Background : Immunization is an effort that deliberately provides immunity to infants/children to avoid certain diseases. Immunization is important because it affects the growth of infants and children, when administered within the stipulated time period. The facts show that many parents do not immunize on schedule and tend to postpone it. The objectives of the study analyzed the punctuality of complete basic immunization in infants aged 12 to 13 months (“Baduta”) in Semarang.Methods: This research is an observational study with cross sectional design. The population means all Baduta in Semarang, with sample of 689 Baduta from 37 Puskesmas (Society Health Center) taken randomly. Baduta immunization status is obtained from the KIA Book.Results: The results show 98.25% of Baduta have received basic immunization although not all yet complete. Immunization of measles is the most immunization which have not been received yet by Baduta (13.35%),followed by Polio-4 (8.27%) and DPT / HB / HiB-3 (7.4%). Sources of information on immunization are generally obtained from health workers and cadres.Conclusion : Immunization HB-0 is given at the most punctual (96.28%), followed by DPT / HB / HiB-3 (90.13%) and Polio-4 (85.44%), while immunization of measle s has the lowest punctuality (41.04%), followed by BCG immunization (61.5%).

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN PRAKTIK PEMBERIAN MAKAN DAN STATUS KETAHANAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA PADA BALITA STATUS GIZI KURANG DAN NORMAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Rizqiyah Fitri Nafadza ◽  
Annas Buanasita ◽  
Triska Susila Nindya
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Nutritional Intake ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Background: Underweight is a problem caused by many factors, factors that directly affect nutritional status are nutritional intake and infectious disease. Meanwhile, indirect factors that affecting nutritional status is feeding practices, household food security and environmental health.Objectives: The objective of this study was to analyze the differences of feeding practice and household food security between toddlers with underweigt and normal nutritional status.Methods: The research was an observational analytic with cross sectional design. The sample was 80 toddlers from 6-24 months in Tanah Kali Kedinding Sub-District, Surabaya. They are consist of 40 normal and 40 underweight toddlers. Data was collected by interview using questionnaire, FFQ, recall 24 hours and US-HSFFM for household food security. Data were analyzed by using Mann-Whitney Test.Results: Good feeding practice for normal toddlers was 15% while for underweight toddlers was 7.5%. Toddlers with normal nutritional status come from secure household was 65.5% while underweight toddlers was 32.5%. The result found there was a difference of feeding practice (0.032) and household food security (0.012) between toddlers with underweight and normal nutritional status.Conclusion: There was difference in feeding practices, toddlers with normal nutritional status get better feeding practice than toddlers with underweight. There was difference in the household food security, toddlers with normal nutritional status mostly come from secure households.ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Gizi kurang adalah masalah gizi pada balita yang disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor. Faktor yang secara langsung berhubungan dengan status gizi adalah asupan zat gizi dan riwayat penyakit infeksi. Sementara itu, faktor tidak langsung yang mempengaruhi diantaranya praktik pemberian makan, status ketahanan pangan rumah tangga dan kesehatan lingkungan.Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perbedaan praktik pemberian makan dan status ketahanan pangan rumah tangga pada balita status gizi kurang dan normal.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 80 balita usia 6-24 bulan di Kelurahan Tanah Kali Kedinding Kota Surabaya dengan masing-masing balita gizi kurang dan normal berjumlah 40 balita. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan metode wawancara dengan kuesioner, FFQ dan recall 24 jam untuk praktik pemberian makan serta US-HSFFM (United State of Household Food Security Survey Module) untuk ketahanan pangan rumah tangga. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney.Hasil: Praktik pemberian makan yang baik pada balita gizi normal sebesar 15% sedangkan pada balita gizi kurang sebesar 7,5%. Balita gizi normal yang berasal dari keluarga tahan pangan yaitu 62,5% sedangkan gizi kurang yaitu 32,5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan praktik pemberian makan (p=0,032) dan status ketahanan pangan rumah tangga (p=0,012) pada balita status gizi kurang dan normal.Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan praktik pemberian makan dimana balita dengan status gizi normal mendapatkan pemberian makan yang lebih baik apabila dibandingkan dengan balita gizi kurang. Terdapat perbedaan status ketahanan pangan rumah tangga, balita dengan status gizi normal lebih banyak berasal dari rumah tangga tahan pangan.

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