Efficacy of experimental phage therapies in livestock

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Dec ◽  
Andrzej Wernicki ◽  
Renata Urban-Chmiel
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Form Of Life ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Experimental Therapies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Life On Earth

AbstractBacteriophages are the most abundant form of life on earth and are present everywhere. The total number of bacteriophages has been estimated to be 1032 virions. The main division of bacteriophages is based on the type of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) and on the structure of the capsid. Due to the significant increase in the number of multi-drug-resistant bacteria, bacteriophages could be a useful tool as an alternative to antibiotics in experimental therapies to prevent and to control bacterial infections in people and animals. The aim of this review was to discuss the history of phage therapy as a replacement for antibiotics, in response to EU regulations prohibiting the use of antibiotics in livestock, and to present current examples and results of experimental phage treatments in comparison to antibiotics. The use of bacteriophages to control human infections has had a high success rate, especially in mixed infections caused mainly by Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, and Enterococcus. Bacteriophages have also proven to be an effective tool in experimental treatments for combating diseases in livestock.

Phage therapy is an important replacement for the antibiotic resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1236-1240
Author(s):  
P. Farmehr
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alternative Antibiotic

Antibiotic resistance has become a significant and growing threat to public and environmental health. The emergence of multiple drug-resistant bacteria has prompted interest in alternatives to conventional antimicrobial. One of the possible replacement options for antibiotics is the use of bacteriophages as antimicrobial. We were forced to look for a new approach in treatment. Phage therapy is an important alternative antibiotic in the current of drug-resistance pathogens. In this way, poisoning bacteria bacteriophage bacteria infect and replicate in bacteria, in this therapy, identify the type of virus per person and can be targeted manipulation of harmful bacteria and then returned the person and invented phage therapy. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of bacteriophages as therapeutic agents in this regard. And so describe a brief history of bacteriophages and clinical studies on their use in bacterial disease. Much hope is placed in genetic modifications of bacteriophages prevents the development of phage-resistant bacteria. Keywords: antibiotic resistance‚ bacteriophage, phage therapy

scholarly journals Promises and pitfalls of in vivo evolution to improve phage therapy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J Bull ◽  
Bruce R. Levin ◽  
Ian J. Molineux
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Informed Choice ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Therapeutic Success ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use

Abstract(Background) Phage therapy is the use of bacterial viruses (phages) to treat bacterial infections. Phages lack the broad host ranges of antibiotics, so individual phages are often used with no prior history of use in treatment. Therapeutic phages are thus often chosen based on limited criteria, sometimes merely an ability to plate on the pathogenic bacterium. It is possible that better treatment outcomes might be obtained from an informed choice of phages. Here we consider whether phages used to treat the bacterial infection in a patient might specifically evolve to improve treatment. Phages recovered from the patient could then serve as a source of improved phages or cocktails for use on subsequent patients. (Methods) With the aid of mathematical and computational models, we explore this possibility for four phage properties expected to promote therapeutic success: in vivo growth, phage decay rate, overcoming resistant bacteria, and enzyme activity to degrade protective bacterial layers. (Results) Phage evolution only sometimes works in favor of treatment, and even in those cases, intrinsic phage dynamics in the patient are usually not ideal. An informed use of phages is invariably superior to reliance on within-host evolution and dynamics, although the extent of this benefit varies with the application.

Re-challenging antibiotic resistance with Daniel Berman

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Berman
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
The Right ◽  
Point Of Care Tests

How can we prevent the rise of resistance to antibiotics? In this video, Daniel Berman,  Nesta Challenges, discusses the global threat of AMR and how prizes like the Longitude Prize can foster the development of rapid diagnostic tests for bacterial infections, helping to contribute towards reducing the global threat of drug resistant bacteria. Daniel outlines how accelerating the development of rapid point-of-care tests will ensure that bacterial infections are treated with the most appropriate antibiotic, at the right time and in the right healthcare setting.

scholarly journals Bacteriophages: the possible solution to treat infections caused by pathogenic bacteria

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 865-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman El-Shibiny ◽  
Salma El-Sahhar
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Western World ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Vaccine Production ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Since their discovery in 1915, bacteriophages have been used to treat bacterial infections in animals and humans because of their unique ability to infect their specific bacterial hosts without affecting other bacterial populations. The research carried out in this field throughout the 20th century, largely in Georgia, part of USSR and Poland, led to the establishment of phage therapy protocols. However, the discovery of penicillin and sulfonamide antibiotics in the Western World during the 1930s was a setback in the advancement of phage therapy. The misuse of antibiotics has reduced their efficacy in controlling pathogens and has led to an increase in the number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. As an alternative to antibiotics, bacteriophages have become a topic of interest with the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, which are a threat to public health. Recent studies have indicated that bacteriophages can be used indirectly to detect pathogenic bacteria or directly as biocontrol agents. Moreover, they can be used to develop new molecules for clinical applications, vaccine production, drug design, and in the nanomedicine field via phage display.

Recent advances: peptides and self-assembled peptide-nanosystems for antimicrobial therapy and diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (18) ◽  
pp. 4975-4996
Author(s):  
Pengfei Zou ◽  
Wen-Ting Chen ◽  
Tongyi Sun ◽  
Yuanyuan Gao ◽  
Li-Li Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
The Body ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Therapy And Diagnosis

Bacterial infections, especially the refractory treatment of drug-resistant bacteria, are one of the greatest threats to human health. Self-assembling peptide-based strategies can specifically detect the bacteria at the site of infection in the body and kill it.

Bacteriophage Therapy of Chronic Nonhealing Wound: Clinical Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Gupta ◽  
Hari Shankar Singh ◽  
Vijay K. Shukla ◽  
Gopal Nath ◽  
Satyanam Kumar Bhartiya
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Complete Healing ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacteriophage Therapy ◽  
Inflammatory Phase ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

Background: A chronic wound usually results due to halt in the inflammatory phase of wound healing. Bacterial infections and biofilm formation are considered to be the basic cause of it. Chronic wounds significantly impair the quality of life. Antibiotics are now failing due to biofilm formation emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. Objective: This study aims to see the effect of bacteriophage therapy in chronic nonhealing wound infected with the following bacteria: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Subject: Patients with chronic nonhealing wound not responding to conventional local debridement and antibiotic therapy were included in the study. The age of patients ranged between 12 and 60 years. Method: A total of 20 patients selected and tissue biopsies and wound swabs were taken for isolation of the bacteria. After confirmation of organism, a cocktail of customized bacteriophages was topically applied over the wound on alternate days till the wound surface became microbiologically sterile. Mean bacterial count and clinical assessment were done and compared at the time of presentation and after 3 and 5 doses of application. Results: A significant improvement was observed in the wound healing, and there were no signs of infection clinically and microbiologically after 3 to 5 doses of topical bacteriophage therapy. Seven patients achieved complete healing on day21 during follow up while in others healthy margins and healthy granulation tissue were observed. Conclusion: Topical bacteriophage application may be quite effective therapy for the treatment of chronic nonhealing wounds.

scholarly journals Invasive Meningococcal Disease at Fort Ord and San Diego Naval Training Center, 1962–1964

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 397-399
Author(s):  
George W Christopher
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Invasive Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Training Center ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
History Of

Abstract Meningococcal epidemics at 2 training facilities were early examples of outbreaks fueled by military demographics and because of lethal drug-resistant bacteria for which there are no vaccines or chemoprophylaxis. Positive outcomes included the elucidation of the natural history of meningococcal colonization and disease and the initiation of vaccine development.

scholarly journals Effects of Sequential and Simultaneous Applications of Bacteriophages on Populations of Pseudomonas aeruginosaIn Vitroand in Wax Moth Larvae

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (16) ◽  
pp. 5646-5652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex R. Hall ◽  
Daniel De Vos ◽  
Ville-Petri Friman ◽  
Jean-Paul Pirnay ◽  
Angus Buckling
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wax Moth

ABSTRACTInterest in using bacteriophages to treat bacterial infections (phage therapy) is growing, but there have been few experiments comparing the effects of different treatment strategies on both bacterial densities and resistance evolution. While it is established that multiphage therapy is typically more effective than the application of a single phage type, it is not clear if it is best to apply phages simultaneously or sequentially. We tried single- and multiphage therapy againstPseudomonas aeruginosaPAO1in vitro, using different combinations of phages either simultaneously or sequentially. Across different phage combinations, simultaneous application was consistently equal or superior to sequential application in terms of reducing bacterial population density, and there was no difference (on average) in terms of minimizing resistance. Phage-resistant bacteria emerged in all experimental treatments and incurred significant fitness costs, expressed as reduced growth rate in the absence of phages. Finally, phage therapy increased the life span of wax moth larvae infected withP. aeruginosa, and a phage cocktail was the most effective short-term treatment. When the ratio of phages to bacteria was very high, phage cocktails cured otherwise lethal infections. These results suggest that while adding all available phages simultaneously tends to be the most successful short-term strategy, there are sequential strategies that are equally effective and potentially better over longer time scales.

scholarly journals Phage Therapy -- Everything Old Is New again

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M Kropinski
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Microbial Genetics ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Vector Systems ◽  
Variable Success ◽  
Bacterial Viruses

The study of bacterial viruses (bacteriophages or phages) proved pivotal in the nascence of the disciplines of molecular biology and microbial genetics, providing important information on the central processes of the bacterial cell (DNA replication, transcription and translation) and on how DNA can be transferred from one cell to another. As a result of the pioneering genetics studies and modern genomics, it is now known that phages have contributed to the evolution of the microbial cell and to its pathogenic potential. Because of their ability to transmit genes, phages have been exploited to develop cloning vector systems. They also provide a plethora of enzymes for the modern molecular biologist. Until the introduction of antibiotics, phages were used to treat bacterial infections (with variable success). Western science is now having to re-evaluate the application of phage therapy -- a therapeutic modality that never went out of vogue in Eastern Europe -- because of the emergence of an alarming number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The present article introduces the reader to phage biology, and the benefits and pitfalls of phage therapy in humans and animals.

scholarly journals A Simple Assay to Screen Antimicrobial Compounds Potentiating the Activity of Current Antibiotics

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junaid Iqbal ◽  
Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui ◽  
Shahana Urooj Kazmi ◽  
Naveed Ahmed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant

Antibiotic resistance continues to pose a significant problem in the management of bacterial infections, despite advances in antimicrobial chemotherapy and supportive care. Here, we suggest a simple, inexpensive, and easy-to-perform assay to screen antimicrobial compounds from natural products or synthetic chemical libraries for their potential to work in tandem with the available antibiotics against multiple drug-resistant bacteria. The aqueous extract ofJuglans regiatree bark was tested against representative multiple drug-resistant bacteria in the aforementioned assay to determine whether it potentiates the activity of selected antibiotics. The aqueous extract ofJ. regiabark was added to Mueller-Hinton agar, followed by a lawn of multiple drug-resistant bacteria,Salmonella typhior enteropathogenicE. coli. Next, filter paper discs impregnated with different classes of antibiotics were placed on the agar surface. Bacteria incubated with extract or antibiotics alone were used as controls. The results showed a significant increase (>30%) in the zone of inhibition around the aztreonam, cefuroxime, and ampicillin discs compared with bacteria incubated with the antibiotics/extract alone. In conclusion, our assay is able to detect either synergistic or additive action ofJ. regiaextract against multiple drug-resistant bacteria when tested with a range of antibiotics.

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