Molecular characterization of the Glu-Ay gene from Triticum urartu for its potential use in quality wheat breeding

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Gutiérrez ◽  
C. Guzmán ◽  
L. M. Martín ◽  
J. B. Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Triticum Urartu ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Genome Donor ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Modern Wheat ◽  
Genetic Pool

Triticum urartu Thum. ex Gandil. is a wild species identified as A-genome donor for polyploid wheats, which could be used as gene source for wheat breeding. The high-molecular weight glutenin subunits are endosperm storage proteins that are associated with bread-making quality. In T. urartu, these proteins are encoded by the Ax and Ay genes at the Glu-Au1 locus. The Ay gene of 17 Glu-Au1 allelic variants previously detected in this species has been analysed using PCR amplification and digestion of the PCR products with two endonucleases (DdeI and PstI). The combination of two restriction patterns has revealed variations between the active and inactive alleles, and within each type. This variation, especially that detected among the active alleles, could enlarge the high-quality genetic pool of modern wheat and be used for bread-making quality improvement in durum and common wheat.

scholarly journals Potential Use of Wild Einkorn Wheat for Wheat Grain Quality Improvement: Evaluation and Characterization of Glu-1, Wx and Ha Loci

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 816
Author(s):  
Ana B. Huertas-García ◽  
Laura Castellano ◽  
Carlos Guzmán ◽  
Juan B. Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Einkorn Wheat ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Modern Wheat ◽  
Novel Alleles

Wild einkorn (Triticum monococcum L. ssp. aegilopoides (Link) Thell.) is a diploid wheat species from the Near East that has been classified as an ancestor of the first cultivated wheat (einkorn; T. monococcum L. ssp. monococcum). Its genome (Am), although it is not the donor of the A genome in polyploid wheat, shows high similarity to the Au genome. An important characteristic for wheat improvement is grain quality, which is associated with three components of the wheat grain: endosperm storage proteins (gluten properties), starch synthases (starch characteristics) and puroindolines (grain hardness). In the current study, these grain quality traits were studied in one collection of wild einkorn with the objective of evaluating its variability with respect to these three traits. The combined use of protein and DNA analyses allows detecting numerous variants for each one of the following genes: six for Ax, seven for Ay, eight for Wx, four for Gsp-1, two for Pina and three for Pinb. The high variability presence in this species suggests its potential as a source of novel alleles that could be used in modern wheat breeding.

scholarly journals PCR amplification and sequence analyses of reverse transcriptase-like genes in Crinipellis perniciosa isolates

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge F. Pereira ◽  
Mariana D.C. Ignacchiti ◽  
Elza F. Araújo ◽  
Sérgio H. Brommonschenkel ◽  
Júlio C.M. Cascardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Broom Disease

Reverse transcriptase (RT) sequence analysis is an important technique used to detect the presence of transposable elements in a genome. Putative RT sequences were analyzed in the genome of the pathogenic fungus C. perniciosa, the causal agent of witches' broom disease of cocoa. A 394 bp fragment was amplified from genomic DNA of different isolates of C. perniciosa belonging to C-, L-, and S-biotypes and collected from various geographical areas. The cleavage of PCR products with restriction enzymes and the sequencing of various RT fragments indicated the presence of several sequences showing transition events (G:C to A:T). Southern blot analysis revealed high copy numbers of RT signals, forming different patterns among C-, S-, and L-biotype isolates. Sequence comparisons of the predicted RT peptide indicate a close relationship with the RT protein from thegypsy family of LTR-retrotransposons. The possible role of these retrotransposons in generating genetic variability in the homothallic C. perniciosa is discussed.

scholarly journals Applicability of chromosome-specific SSR wheat markers for the introgression of Triticum urartu in durum wheat breeding programmes

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rodríguez-Suárez ◽  
M. C. Ramírez ◽  
A. Martín ◽  
S. G. Atienza
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Triticum Urartu ◽  
Founder Line ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Novel Alleles

Triticum urartu, the A-genome donor of tetraploid and hexaploid wheats, is a potential source of novel alleles for crop improvement. A fertile amphiploid between T. urartu (2n = 2x = 14; AuAu) and durum wheat cv ‘Yavaros’ (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum; 2n = 4x = 28, AABB) was obtained as a first step to making the genetic variability of the wild ancestor available to durum wheat breeding. The amphiploid was backcrossed with ‘Yavaros’ and the offspring from this cross was selfed. A plant from this progeny (founder line) with 28 chromosomes and active x and y subunits of the Glu-A1 locus of T. urartu was selfed, which resulted in the obtaining of 98 pre-introgression lines (pre-ILs). In this work, a set of 78 wheat chromosome-specific microsatellite markers (simple sequence repeats, SSR), uniformly distributed over the A genome, was used for marker-assisted selection of T. urartu in a durum wheat background. A total of 57 SSRs allowed a clear discrimination between T. urartu and ‘Yavaros’. This set of markers was further used for characterizing the pre-ILs, identifying and defining the T. urartu introgressed regions. The applicability of these markers is discussed.

Biochemical data bearing on the relationship between the genome of Triticum urartu and the A and B genomes of the polyploid wheats

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 576-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kerby ◽  
J. Kuspira ◽  
B. L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Triticum Monococcum ◽  
Triticum Urartu ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Genome Donor ◽  
A Genome ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Donor Species

To determine whether the Triticum urartu genome is more closely related to the A or B genome of the polyploid wheats, the amino acid sequence of its purothionin was compared to the amino acid sequences of the purothionins in Triticum monococcum, Triticum turgidum, and Triticum aestivum. The residue sequence of the purothionin from T. urartu differs by five and six amino acid substitutions respectively from the α1 and α2 forms coded for by genes in the B and D genomes, and is identical to the β form specified by a gene in the A genome. Therefore, the T. urartu purothionin is either coded by a gene in the A genome or a chromosome set highly homologous to it. The results demonstrate that at least a portion of the T. urartu and T. monococcum genomes is homologous and probably identical. A variety of other studies have also shown that T. urartu is very closely related to T. monococcum and, in all likelihood, also possesses the A genome. Therefore, it could be argued that either T. urartu and T. monococcum are the same species or that T. urartu rather than T. monococcum is the source of the A genome in T. turgidum and T. aestivum. Except for Johnson's results, our data and that of others suggest a revised origin of polyploid wheats. Specifically, the list of six putative B genome donor species is reduced to five, all members of the Sitopsis section of the genus Aegilops.Key words: Triticum monococcum, Triticum urartu, polyploid wheats, genomes A and B, purothionins.

A PCR assay for detection of a 2RL.2BS wheat–rye chromosome translocation

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Lee ◽  
S. M. Kaeppler ◽  
R. A. Graybosch ◽  
R. G. Sears
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Chromosome Translocation ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Chromosome Translocations ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A 2RL.2BS wheat–rye translocation, present in the wheat germplasm line Hamlet, carries a gene for resistance to Hessian fly biotype L, one of the most virulent biotypes presently encountered in wheat production environments. Unlike several other wheat–rye chromosome translocations common in wheat breeding programs, 2RL lacks genes encoding storage proteins or other easily selected markers. Oligonucleotide primers synthesized from published sequences derived from the R173 family of moderately repetitive rye DNA were used in the DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify specific markers for 2RL. The same primers, when used with DNA extracted from additional wheat–rye translocation lines of importance to the wheat breeding community, gave distinctive PCR products for each genotype. The single primer pair, PAWS5 and PAWS6, may, therefore, have wide applicability for the identification of wheat–rye chromosomal translocations presently encountered in wheat breeding populations. Key words : 2RL.2BS wheat–rye chromosome translocation, polymerase chain reaction, detection.

scholarly journals Quantification of genetic relationships among A genomes of wheats

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Brandolini ◽  
P Vaccino ◽  
G Boggini ◽  
H Özkan ◽  
B Kilian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Triticum Monococcum ◽  
Aflp Fingerprinting ◽  
Triticum Urartu ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Genome Donor ◽  
A Genome

The genetic relationships of A genomes of Triticum urartu (Au) and Triticum monococcum (Am) in polyploid wheats are explored and quantified by AFLP fingerprinting. Forty-one accessions of A-genome diploid wheats, 3 of AG-genome wheats, 19 of AB-genome wheats, 15 of ABD-genome wheats, and 1 of the D-genome donor Ae. tauschii have been analysed. Based on 7 AFLP primer combinations, 423 bands were identified as potentially A genome specific. The bands were reduced to 239 by eliminating those present in autoradiograms of Ae. tauschii, bands interpreted as common to all wheat genomes. Neighbour-joining analysis separates T. urartu from T. monococcum. Triticum urartu has the closest relationship to polyploid wheats. Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum and T. turgidum subsp. durum lines are included in tightly linked clusters. The hexaploid spelts occupy positions in the phylogenetic tree intermediate between bread wheats and T. turgidum. The AG-genome accessions cluster in a position quite distant from both diploid and other polyploid wheats. The estimates of similarity between A genomes of diploid and polyploid wheats indicate that, compared with Am, Au has around 20% higher similarity to the genomes of polyploid wheats. Triticum timo pheevii AG genome is molecularly equidistant from those of Au and Am wheats.Key words: A genome, Triticum, genetic relationships, AFLP.

Allelic variation for the high- and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits in wild diploid wheat (Triticum urartu) and its comparison with durum wheats

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 906 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Caballero ◽  
M. A. Martín ◽  
J. B. Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Seed Storage Proteins ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Diploid Wheat ◽  
Triticum Urartu ◽  
A Genome

Triticum urartu is a wild diploid wheat identified as donor of the A genome in polyploid wheats. This species could be used as a genetic resource for wheat quality breeding. The HMWGs and B-LMWGs of this species were analysed by SDS-PAGE in 169 accessions from Armenia, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, the former Soviet Union, and Turkey. Seventeen alleles for the Glu-Au1 locus and 24 for the Glu-Au3 locus were found. The allelic variation was asymmetrically distributed, Turkey being the country where the largest number of alleles was found. Genetic diversity was high, although a great part of this diversity is at risk of erosion given that the distribution of the combinations among the evaluated accessions was not random. Consequently, the loss of these accessions could mean the disappearance of the allelic variants. The alleles found for both loci were different from those detected in cultivated wheats. These results provided new basic knowledge regarding the genetic variability of the seed storage proteins synthesised by the Au genome, as well as their potential to create novel germplasm for quality breeding in wheat programs.

scholarly journals Labelling Selective Sweeps Used in Durum Wheat Breeding from a Diverse and Structured Panel of Landraces and Cultivars

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Jose Miguel Soriano ◽  
Carolina Sansaloni ◽  
Karim Ammar ◽  
Conxita Royo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Selective Sweeps ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Genetic Pool

A panel of 387 durum wheat genotypes including Mediterranean landraces and modern cultivars was characterized with 46,161 diversity arrays technology (DArTseq) markers. Analysis of population structure uncovered the existence of five subpopulations (SP) related to the pattern of migration of durum wheat from the domestication area to the west of the Mediterranean basin (SPs 1, 2, and 3) and further improved germplasm (SPs 4 and 5). The total genetic diversity (HT) was 0.40 with a genetic differentiation (GST) of 0.08 and a mean gene flow among SPs of 6.02. The lowest gene flow was detected between SP 1 (presumably the ancient genetic pool of the panel) and SPs 4 and 5. However, gene flow from SP 2 to modern cultivars was much higher. The highest gene flow was detected between SP 3 (western Mediterranean germplasm) and SP 5 (North American and European cultivars). A genome wide association study (GWAS) approach using the top ten eigenvectors as phenotypic data revealed the presence of 89 selective sweeps, represented as quantitative trait loci (QTL) hotspots, widely distributed across the durum wheat genome. A principal component analysis (PCoA) using 147 markers with −log10p > 5 identified three regions located on chromosomes 2A, 2B and 3A as the main drivers for differentiation of Mediterranean landraces. Gene flow between SPs offers clues regarding the putative use of Mediterranean old durum germplasm by the breeding programs represented in the structure analysis. EigenGWAS identified selective sweeps among landraces and modern cultivars. The analysis of the corresponding genomic regions in the ‘Zavitan’, ‘Svevo’ and ‘Chinese Spring’ genomes discovered the presence of important functional genes including Ppd, Vrn, Rht, and gene models involved in important biological processes including LRR-RLK, MADS-box, NAC, and F-box.

scholarly journals Presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in non-typhoidal Salmonella strains with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones isolated from human salmonellosis in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea from 2016 to 2019

Gut Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohyun Lee ◽  
Nanjoo Park ◽  
Sujung Yun ◽  
Eunseon Hur ◽  
Jiwon Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Human Salmonellosis ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Sequence Types

AbstractNon-typhoidal salmonellosis remains a pressing public health problem worldwide. Quinolones, particularly fluoroquinolones, are widely used to treat various infections, including non-typhoidal salmonellosis, which can be a serious illness. The emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella has resulted in treatment failure and high mortality rates. In this study, we estimated the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in Salmonella enterica isolated from human salmonellosis patients in South Korea from 2016 to 2019. We evaluated the association of these genes with fluoroquinolone susceptibility. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests for Salmonella isolates were performed using the Vitek II system, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were determined using the E-test method. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes were detected by PCR amplification and quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of the gyrA and parC genes were analyzed following Sanger sequencing of the PCR products. Thirty-four Salmonella strains with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin MIC ≥ 0.125 µg/mL and levofloxacin MIC ≥ 0.25 µg/mL) were selected from 208 human clinical Salmonella isolates. Among them, 22 Salmonella strains harbored one PMQR gene (qnrA, qnrB, or qnrS), and three Salmonella strains carried two PMQR genes (qnrS and aac(6′)-Ib-cr or qnrA and qnrB). qnrS was the most common PMQR gene. Serotyping revealed that Salmonella 4,[5]12:i:- (32.4%, 11/34) and Salmonella Typhimurium (29.4%, 10/34) were the two most predominant serovars, and Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) showed that ST19 and ST34 were the most frequent sequence types. In conclusion, qnr gene-positive Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- and Salmonella Typhimurium were the main serovars responsible for reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. Therefore, our findings suggest that PMQR-positive Salmonella strains, which can be isolated from various samples including human, food, and the environment, should be carefully monitored.

Intercistronic heterogeneity of the 16S–23S rRNA spacer region among Pseudomonas strains isolated from subterranean seeds of hog peanut (Amphicarpa bracteata)

Microbiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 155 (8) ◽  
pp. 2630-2640 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Tambong ◽  
R. Xu ◽  
E. S. P. Bromfield
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Melting Curve ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Melting Curve Analysis ◽  
Its1 Region ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Intercalating Dye

Intercistronic heterogeneity of the 16S–23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS1) was investigated in 29 strains of fluorescent pseudomonads isolated from subterranean seeds of Amphicarpa bracteata (hog peanut). PCR amplification of the ITS1 region generated one or two products from the strains. Sequence analysis of the amplified fragments revealed an ITS1 fragment of about 517 bp that contained genes for tRNAIle and tRNAAla in all 29 strains; an additional smaller ITS1 of 279 bp without tRNA features was detected in 15 of the strains. The length difference appeared to be due to deletions of several nucleotide blocks between the 70 bp and 359 bp positions of the alignment. The end of the deletions in the variant ITS1 type coincided with the start of antiterminator box A, which is homologous to box A of other bacteria. Phylogenetic analyses using the neighbour-joining algorithm revealed two major phylogenetic clusters, one for each of the ITS1 types. Using a single specific primer set and the DNA-intercalating dye SYBR Green I for real-time PCR and melting-curve analysis produced highly informative curves with one or two recognizable melting peaks that readily distinguished between the two ITS1 types in pure cultures. The assay was used to confirm the presence of the variant ITS1 type in the Pseudomonas community in total DNA from root-zone soil and seed coats of hog peanut. Heterogeneity of the ITS1 region between species has potential for studying molecular systematics and population genetics of the genus Pseudomonas, but the presence of non-identical rRNA operons within a genome may pose problems.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document