New plant type trait characterization and development of core set among indica and tropical japonica genotypes of rice

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 504-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jyothi ◽  
B. Divya ◽  
L. V. Subba Rao ◽  
P. Laxmi Bhavani ◽  
P. Revathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Plant Type ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Flag Leaf Length

AbstractThis study was conducted to characterize new plant type (NPT) traits among 650 genetically diverse rice genotypes of tropical japonica and indica and to establish an initial core set for NPT traits. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits assessed except flag length and width and leaf angles. Dendrogram categorized the genotypes into five distinct duration groups. Genotypes viz., Pumphamah, IRGC5097, IRGC37015, IRGC43741, IRGC50448, IRGC53089, IRGC39111, IRGC18021, Haorei Machang, IRGC44069, IRGC8269, Thangmoi, IRGC33130 and IRGC29772 were identified as possessing strong culm. Long panicles with a length of more than 35 cm were found in IRGC8269, IRGC9147, IRGC14694, IRGC19642, IRGC27435, IRGC39111, IRGC31051, IRGC26011and IRGC25892. Ideal leaf angle of NPT genotypes of 5°, 10° and 20° of flag leaf, 1st and 2nd leaves was not found in any genotype but with a combination of 5°, 10° and 10° was observed in IRGC63102 and IRGC66644. NPT flag leaf length and width of 50 and 2 cm, respectively, was seen in ‘Kemenya Kepeu’ and ‘IRGC29772’. High grain number of more than 350 was observed in IRGC53089, IRGC31063 and Azhoghi. A total of 72 genotypes were found with a combination of one or more ideal plant type traits of which, hierarchical cluster analysis based on genetic distances selected 32 as NPT core set. This core set will serve as an ideal genetic resource for breeding programs aimed at NPT development.

scholarly journals Eco-geographic variation of common wild rice - Oryza ru?pogon Griff. in Sri Lanka

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
S Sandamal ◽  
A Tennakoon ◽  
D Ratnasekera ◽  
DABN Amarasekera ◽  
B Marambe
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Oryza Rufipogon ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Flag Leaf Length

Wild species of rice (Oryza) have superior agronomic characteristics to be incorporated in rice breeding programs worldwide.  Population studies of wild relatives of rice in Sri Lanka has not being well documented despite a few of attempts. In the present study, phenotypic diversity of Oryza rufipogon populations exist in Sri Lanka were characterized based on nine quantitative morphological traits. Populations (P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5) were established in a common-garden and were characterized. The results revealed moderate phenotypic diversity among O. rufipogon populations studied. However, flag leaf length and awn length were the most variable traits while plant height, flag leaf angle, flag leaf panicle neck length and spikelet angle were the least variable traits. O. rufipogon can be simply distinguished using flag leaf length and width, panicle branching type and distance from panicle base to lowest spikelet insertion. The dendrogram results indicated that four main clusters are at a similarity level of 98.73, showing the diversely related populations with a high identity based on higher similarity values. P1 and P2 populations grouped together by forming the first cluster. The second, third and fourth clusters consisted of P3, P5 and P4 populations, respectively. One population from first cluster and P3, P5 and P4 populations can be used for conservation. This study highlights the phenotypic diversity of O. rufipogon populations existing in Sri Lanka across the geographic locations and Knowledge on such morphological diversity provides opportunities to design conservation strategies and the potentials of using particular population based on breeding objectives.  

Study on floral traits and seed setting in parental lines of hybrid rice during early ahu and kharif seasons

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aradhana Phukan ◽  
P. K. Barua ◽  
D. Sarma ◽  
S. D. Deka
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Opening Angle ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Seed Setting ◽  
Parental Lines

Two CMS lines, IR 58025A and IR 68888A along with their maintainers and two fertility restorers, LuitR and IR 36R, were evaluated for flower and plant characters during early ahu (February-June) and kharif (July-November) seasons. IR 58025A showed longer stigmata and styles, and higher spikelet Length/Breadth (L/B) ratio while IR 68888A showed broader stigmata and wider glume opening angle in both the seasons. IR 68888A also exhibited higher pollen sterility during early ahu. IR 36R was characterized with broad anthers. LuitR showed longer and broader anthers with more pollen than others. Plant height, flag leaf length, flag leaf width and area were higher in IR 36R. Panicle exsertion was complete in pollen parents whereas it was 78-80% in CMS lines. The widest flag leaf angle was found in IR 58025B during early Ahu and in IR 36R during kharif. Kharif season was more favourable for growth of the plants with higher seed set percentage while floral traits of the CMS lines were better expressed in early Ahu. Manipulation of the seeding sequence of the parental lines in early Ahu is warranted for better seed set provided the seed crop escapes heavy premonsoon showers during reproductive stage. IR 68888A/LuitR was a good combination for pollen dispersal and seed setting.

scholarly journals Effect of flag leaf length of erect panicle rice on the canopy structure and biomass production after heading

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yuki Makino ◽  
Yoshihiro Hirooka ◽  
Koki Homma ◽  
Rintaro Kondo ◽  
Tian-Sheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Flag Leaf Length

scholarly journals Genetic Divergence in Indigenous Wild and Cultivated Rice Species of Manipur Valley

ISRN Genetics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Medhabati ◽  
K. Rajiv Das ◽  
M. Rohinikumar ◽  
H. Sunitibala ◽  
Th. Dikash Singh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Wild Rice ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Flag Leaf Length ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hybridization Programme

Genetic divergence of 32 indigenous rice germplasms and five wild rice of which three from Manipur and two wild rice procured from IRRI, Philippines was investigated using Mahalanobis, D2 statistic. Based on twelve agromorphological characters, the thirty-seven germplasms both wild and cultivated were grouped into five clusters based on the relative magnitudes of D2 values following Tocher's method of cluster formation. Based on the rank totals, the characters which contributed maximum towards genetic divergence in the present studies were grain yield/plant, spikelet/panicle, 100 grain weight, grain length, days to 50% flowering, ear bearing tillers/plant, and flag leaf length. In the present study, maximum intercluster distance was estimated between cluster III and (D2=14.09) which was closed followed by clusters II and V (D2=12.50). On the basis of their greater intercluster distance, high value of cluster mean according to the character to be improved and performance of the individual germplasms for the character, the germplasms could be used in hybridization programme for improvement of different plant characters in the rice germplasms of Manipur.

Nitrogen effect on the growth and yield contributing characters of Binadhan-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
M. B. Akter ◽  
N. Nahar ◽  
M. S. Rana ◽  
M. N. Hasan ◽  
M. B. Rayhan
Keyword(s):  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Nitrogen Effect ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Flag Leaf Length

The experiment was conducted at the BINA sub-station, Rahmatpur, Barishal, during the period from April 2020 to August 2020 to investigate the effect of nitrogen on the yield of transplant Aus rice cv. Binadhan-19. The experiment comprised four levels of nitrogen viz (a) N0 (zero nitrogen), (b) N1 (90 kg N/ha), (c) N2 (110 kg N/ha) and (d) N3 (130 kg N/ha). Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at two splits. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results revealed that plant height, effective tiller, non-effective tiller, flag leaf length, filled gran, unfilled grain and 1000 grain weight were increased with increasing nitrogen doses till 110 kg N ha-1. Furthermore, the highest grain weight was recorded in 110 kg N ha-1 due to superior performance of yield contributing characters of BInadhan-19. A positive correlation was found between grain yield and total dry matter production. The experimental results concluded that 110 kg N ha-1 would be the best dose for higher gain yield in Binadhan-19 in aus season.

Fine mapping of the quantitative trait locus qFLL9 controlling flag leaf length in rice

Euphytica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 176 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shukun Jiang ◽  
Xijuan Zhang ◽  
Jiayu Wang ◽  
Wenfu Chen ◽  
Zhengjin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Locus ◽  
Fine Mapping ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Flag Leaf Length

scholarly journals Variation on agro-morphological traits in Nepalese foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L) P Beauv)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
RB Amgai ◽  
S Pantha ◽  
TB Chhetri ◽  
SK Budhathoki ◽  
SP Khatiwada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Setaria Italica ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Peduncle Length ◽  
Flag Leaf Length

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L) P Beauv) falls on the category of underutilized crops in Nepal and mainly cultivated in Karnali region of the country. It is hardy crop and considered as one of the potential crops for future food security with respect to climate change. Five accessions of Nepalese foxtail millet were purposefully selected for evaluation of the agro-morphological characteristics. Foxtail landraces from Dolpa, Mugu, Bajura, Bajhang and Lamjung districts of Nepal were evaluated at Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal during 2010. The plot size was 1m2 and there were five samples. Days to heading and days to maturity varied from 33-56 and 59 to 87 days after germination respectively. Similarly, flag leaf length/breadth ratio, flag leaf sheath length, ligule length, peduncle length, peduncle exertion and plant height varied from 3.84-10.90, 5.47-9.84 cm, 0.1-0.2 mm, 10-22.57 cm, 2.7-13.58 cm and 41.67-120 cm, respectively. Fruit and apiculus color varied from straw to black. All accessions were actively growing with very slight lodging. Similarly, the thousand grain weight varies from 1.064 g to 2.172 g. This variation is useful in foxtail millet breeding program. Similarly, the significant correlation between thousand kernel weight and total basal tiller (r=-0.975) showed that foxtail millet lines with low tillering ability is better for yield enhancement. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v2i0.7528 Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) Vol. 2: 2011 pp.133-138

Growth and Development of Dinitroaniline-Susceptible and -Resistant Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Biotypes Under Noncompetitive Conditions

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 704-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim R. Murphy ◽  
Billy J. Gossett ◽  
Joe E. Toler
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Flag Leaf Length ◽  
Weight Number

A comparative study of the growth and development of several populations of dinitroaniline-susceptible (DS) and -resistant (DR) goosegrass [Eleusine indica(L.) Gaertn. # ELEIN] biotypes was conducted under noncompetitive field conditions. Plant height and width, number of tillers, aboveground dry weight, relative growth rate (RGR), number of inflorescences/plant, total inflorescence dry weight, individual inflorescence dry weight, number of spicate branches/inflorescence, and flag leaf length and width were recorded periodically during the growing season. There were no significant differences between biotypes in most characteristics with the exception of total inflorescence dry weight. The DS biotype produced more total inflorescence dry weight than the DR biotype at 8 and 13 weeks after transplanting. Significant variation among DS and DR populations occurred in 37 and 33 of 56 evaluations, respectively. When variation existed within a biotype, populations exhibited broad ranges of response for the various growth parameters. With the exception of total inflorescence dry weight, DS and DR biotypes generally exhibited similar ranges of variability.

Response of Rice (Oryza sativa) to Low Rates of Glyphosate and Glufosinate

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Davis ◽  
Robert C. Scott ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Edward Gbur
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
University Of Arkansas ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Flag Leaf Length ◽  
The University ◽  
Significant Injury

Field studies were conducted in 2007 and 2008 at the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff farm near Lonoke to evaluate and compare the effects of low rates of glufosinate and glyphosate on rice. Two rice cultivars were seeded, and glyphosate and glufosinate were applied at 1/2, 1/4, and 1/8 of the labeled use rate of 870 g ae ha−1and 616 g ai ha−1, respectively, at the three- to four-leaf, panicle initiation (PI), and boot stages. Rice canopy height reductions, reduction in flag leaf length, prolonged maturity, and yield losses were caused by both herbicides at all evaluated application timings. Although both herbicides caused significant injury, symptoms varied greatly between the two herbicides. Glufosinate injury to rice was more rapid and visually intense than with glyphosate. Glufosinate symptoms, which consisted of rapid necrosis, were visible in 1 to 2 d, whereas glyphosate symptoms, stunting and chlorosis, became visible after 7 to 10 d or not at all depending on time of application. Glyphosate applied at the 1/2× rate to rice in the boot growth stage caused less than 10% injury at 3 wk after treatment but resulted in 80% yield loss. Glufosinate at boot caused 80% injury and 80% yield loss. Glyphosate symptoms from PI and boot timings were typically only visible at heading and included malformed panicles and shortened flag leaves. Harvested grain seed weights were reduced as much as 14% by either herbicide applied at PI and boot. Germination of harvested grain was not affected by any treatment. At the rates evaluated in this research, glufosinate-induced injury to rice can be just as detrimental as glyphosate in reducing yield.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Upland Rice Germplasm in Malaysia Based on Quantitative Traits

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sohrabi ◽  
M. Y. Rafii ◽  
M. M. Hanafi ◽  
A. Siti Nor Akmar ◽  
M. A. Latif
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Flag Leaf Length

Genetic diversity is prerequisite for any crop improvement program as it helps in the development of superior recombinants. Fifty Malaysian upland rice accessions were evaluated for 12 growth traits, yield and yield components. All of the traits were significant and highly significant among the accessions. The higher magnitudes of genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were recorded for flag leaf length-to-width ratio, spikelet fertility, and days to flowering. High heritability along with high genetic advance was registered for yield of plant, days to flowering, and flag leaf length-to-width ratio suggesting preponderance of additive gene action in the gene expression of these characters. Plant height showed highly significant positive correlation with most of the traits. According to UPGMA cluster analysis all accessions were clustered into six groups. Twelve morphological traits provided around 77% of total variation among the accessions.

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