Ruminal peptide and ammonia nitrogen concentrations in steers fed diets with different concentrate to lucerne hay ratios

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 214-214
Author(s):  
Alireza Vakili ◽  
Mohsen Danesh Mesgaran ◽  
Reza Valizadeh ◽  
Alireza Heravi Moussavi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Nassiry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonia Production ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Ruminal Microorganisms ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

In ruminants, as much as 50% of the dietary crude protein can be converted to ammonia by ruminal microorganisms. A part of ammonia can be utilized as a bacterial nitrogen source; however, rates of ammonia production often exceed rates of ammonia utilization. Peptides are intermediates in the conversion of ingested protein to ammonia in the rumen and their accumulation depends upon the nature of diet (Mesgaran & Parker, 1995). The objective of the present experiment was to investigate the effect of diets differing in concentrate: lucerne hay ratios on the ruminal pH, ammonia-nitrogen concentration and ruminal peptide nitrogen concentration in Holstein steers.

scholarly journals Inclusion of copaiba oil (Copaifera sp.) as additive in supplements for cattle on pasture

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-192
Author(s):  
Fabiola Espindola Ortega de Lima ◽  
Rafael Henrique de Tonissi e Buschinelli de Goes ◽  
Jefferson Rodrigues Gandra ◽  
Diego dos Santos Penha ◽  
Raquel Tenório de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Copaiba Oil

SUMMARY This study analyzed the effect of including copaiba oil as an additive for cattle supplemented on pasture, during the dry season. Four crossbred steers, castrated, with 245 ± 25 kg, aged about 18 months, fitted with permanent rumen cannula; were randomly assigned to a 4×4 Latin square. All animals were housed in individual paddocks (0.3 ha), uniformly covered with Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu, with through and drinking fountain; and were given a concentrate at 500g/100 kg BW containing 380 g/kg crude protein (%DM). The copaiba oil was added to the supplement as a spray, in the proportions of 0, 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg DM intake. Spraying supplementation was performed daily at the time of supply of the supplement. Data of intake and digestibility of nutrients, ruminal pH; ruminal ammonia nitrogen, and microbial protein synthesis were tested by analysis of variance and polynomial regression, adopting a significance level of 5%. The inclusion of copaiba oil quadratically affected total dry matter intake (P=0.030) and CP digestibility (P=0.043), without altering ruminal metabolism (P>0.05) and microbial protein synthesis (P>0.05) of the animals kept on pasture.

scholarly journals Use of babassu cake and pineapple byproduct silage in the diets of feedlot sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 795-808
Author(s):  
Ernestina Ribeiro Santos Neta ◽  
◽  
Daiany Iris Gomes ◽  
Luis Rennan Sampaio Oliveira ◽  
Rafael Mezzomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Babassu Cake

This study evaluated the use of babassu cake as a replacement for soybean meal and pineapple byproduct silage as roughage in the diets of feedlot sheep. Ten rumen-fistulated sheep were used and distributed in an experimental design consisting of two 5 x 5 Latin squares. Babassu cake replaced soybean meal at four concentration levels (0, 26.66, 53.33, and 80%), and pineapple byproduct silage was used as roughage. A treatment was also evaluated in which elephant grass silage was used as roughage and corn and soybean meal were used as the concentrate. No effect of babassu cake as a replacement for soybean meal on dry matter intake, neutral detergent fiber, or crude protein was observed. Higher babassu cake replacement levels in the diets resulted in linear reductions in the digestibility of the dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, organic matter, nonfiber carbohydrates and total carbohydrates. For the digestibility of the crude protein, no effect was observed after the addition of babassu cake. The replacement levels of the babassu cake had no effect on the intake and retention of the daily nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and ruminal pH. Babassu cake could replace soybean meal at concentrations of up to 80% when the roughage source was pineapple byproduct silage. Compared with elephant grass silage, pineapple byproduct silage improves nutrient intake and digestibility and nitrogen intake, retention, and absorption without compromising the ruminal pH or ammonia nitrogen of feedlot sheep.

A comparison of various methods of feeding supplements of urea, sulfur and molasses to weaner heifers during the dry season in northern Queensland

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
SR McLennan ◽  
DJ Hirst ◽  
RK Shepherd ◽  
KR McGuigan
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
The Us ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Group 2

Over 3 dry seasons (1984-86), delivery systems of urea supplements were evaluated on weaner heifers grazing native pasture. Daily treatments per heifer were urea-ammonium sulfate (US) (28g + 6g), via the drinking water; urea-molasses (UM) (30g + 250g), via roller drum lick feeders; UM2 (60g + 1000g), via open troughs. Rainfall recordings were well above average in all dry seasons. The only liveweight response to supplementation occurred in 1986, during a dry period from June to October. During this period the liveweight performance of the US group was improved relative to the control group (+7 v. -57 g/heifer.day; P<0.05). The response of the UM2 group (+82 g/heifer.day) exceeded (P<0.05) that of all other groups. There was no response to the UM supplement (-51 g/heifer.day). Over the combined dry and following wet seasons the UM2 group grew faster (P<0.05) than all other groups. Ammonia-nitrogen concentrations in the rumen fluid of heifers, measured in the 1984 and 1986 dry seasons, were very low for the control group (7-54 mg/L rumen fluid) but were much higher in the US group 2 h after drinking (108-152 mg/L). At 18 h after drinking, the ammonia-nitrogen concentration had declined markedly in the US group (30-54 mg/L) but, in 2 of 3 observations, was still higher than that of the controls (significantly in 1 case; P<0.05).

scholarly journals High Sensitivity Microfiber Interferometer Sensor in Aqueous Solution

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad Hayatu Girei ◽  
Hong Ngee Lim ◽  
Muhammad Zamharir Ahmad ◽  
Mohd Adzir Mahdi ◽  
Ahmad Rifqi Md Zain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Infrared Region ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Wavelength Shift ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Wide Wavelength Range ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Cladding Mode

The need for environmental protection and water pollution control has led to the development of different sensors for determining many kinds of pollutants in water. Ammonia nitrogen presence is an important indicator of water quality in environmental monitoring applications. In this paper, a high sensitivity sensor for monitoring ammonia nitrogen concentration in water using a tapered microfiber interferometer (MFI) as a sensor platform and a broad supercontinuum laser as the light source is realized. The MFI is fabricated to the waist diameter of 8 µm producing a strong interference pattern due to the coupling of the fundamental mode with the cladding mode. The MFI sensor is investigated for a low concentration of ammonia nitrogen in water in the wide wavelength range from 1500–1800 nm with a high-power signal provided by the supercontinuum source. The broad source allows optical sensing characteristics of the MFI to be evaluated at four different wavelengths (1505, 1605, 1705, and 1785 nm) upon exposure towards various ammonia nitrogen concentrations. The highest sensitivity of 0.099 nm/ppm that indicates the wavelength shift is observed at 1785 nm operating wavelength. The response is linear in the ammonia nitrogen range of 5–30 ppm with the best measurement resolution calculated to be 0.5 ppm. The low concentration ammonia nitrogen detected by the MFI in the unique infrared region reveals the potential application of this optical fiber-based sensor for rivers and drinking water monitoring.

scholarly journals Effects of Feeding Garlic Powder on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation, and the Health Status of Lambs Infected by Gastrointestinal Nematodes

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongzhen Zhong ◽  
Hai Xiang ◽  
Long Cheng ◽  
Chengzhen Zhao ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Garlic Powder ◽  
Ruminal Ph

For the study, forty lambs were weighed and assigned into two treatments to determine the effects of feeding garlic powder on growth performance, rumen fermentation, and the health status of lambs infected with gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs). The lambs were fed with a basal diet without or with 50 g/kg garlic powder for 84 d. Data were analyzed by a general linear or mixed model of SAS software and differences were considered statistically significant if p ≤ 0.05. Results showed that garlic powder supplementation increased the lambs’ average daily gain (p = 0.025), digestibility of dry matter (p = 0.019), and crude protein (p = 0.007). No significant changes were observed on the dry matter intake, feed conversion ratio, as well as the apparent digestibility of lipid and fiber. An interactive effect between treatment and feeding day was observed on ruminal pH (p < 0.001) and ammonia nitrogen concentration (p < 0.001). Ruminal pH (p < 0.001) and ammonia nitrogen concentration (p < 0.001) decreased with garlic powder supplementation, while ammonia nitrogen concentration increased (p = 0.001) with the extension of the feeding period. Garlic powder supplementation increased the total volatile fatty acid concentration (p < 0.001) in the rumen fluid, the molar proportion of acetic acid (p = 0.002), propionic acid (p < 0.001), and isovaleric acid (p = 0.049), but it decreased the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid (p = 0.015). The lambs’ fecal egg count decreased (p < 0.001), but the packed cell volume and body condition scores of lambs increased (p < 0.001) with garlic powder supplementation. In conclusion, feeding garlic powder increased growth performance, feed digestion, rumen fermentation, and the health status of lambs infected with GINs.

EFFECT OF TANNIN CONTENT IN TWO ISOSYNTHETIC STRAINS OF BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL (Lotus corniculatus L.) ON FEED DIGESTIBILITY AND RUMEN FLUID COMPOSITION IN SHEEP

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1031-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. CHIQUETTE ◽  
K.-J. CHENG ◽  
L. M. RODE ◽  
L. P. MILLIGAN
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Feed Digestibility

Low tannin (LT) and high tannin (HT) isosynthetic strains of birdsfoot trefoil containing 1 and 3% condensed tannins on a dry matter (DM) basis were cut fresh daily and fed to eight ruminally cannulated Suffolk wethers. Rumen fluid samples were collected before feeding and 3 and 6 h after feeding for pH, chlorophyll, supernatant protein nitrogen (N), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) determinations, and protozoa counts. Daily samples of the forage fed to the animals, and of feces, were analyzed for crude protein (CP) content, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and organic matter (OM). Results from rumen fluid analyses indicated that sheep receiving the HT strain had lower (P < 0.01) supernatant protein N and NH3-N concentrations, and consistently but not significantly lower VFA and chlorophyll concentrations. Animals fed HT showed higher (P < 0.05) protozoa counts than LT-fed animals, but only in the samples taken 3 h postfeeding. Ruminal pH was similar on LT and HT diets. Apparent digestibility of CP was 9% less (P < 0.05) in sheep fed the HT strain. However, apparent digestibilities of DM, OM and ADF were not affected by the tannin level. Key words: Lotus corniculatus L., birdsfoot trefoil, tannin, digestibility, rumen, sheep

scholarly journals 413 Effect of chitosan inclusion and dietary crude protein level on rumen fermentation in beef heifers fed a total mixed ration

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
Stuart Kirwan ◽  
Tommy Boland ◽  
Eleonora Serra ◽  
Gaurav Rajauria ◽  
Karina Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Chitosan (N-acetyl-D-glucosamine polymer) is a natural biopolymer, which is the second most abundant organic compound on earth, found in lower plants and some arthropods and crustaceans. Studies with ruminants have shown that supplementing with chitosan can alter ruminal fermentation, including higher propionate concentration and lower acetate to propionate ratio, improving the energy efficiency within the rumen though data on nitrogen metabolism is lacking. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of chitosan with different dietary crude protein (CP) inclusion on rumen fermentation in beef heifers. Eight ruminally cannulated Belgian Blue x Holstein Friesian heifers (752 ± 52Kg BW) were allocated one of four dietary treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial Latin Square design (n = 8). Diets were offered as total mixed ration (TMR) consisting of grass silage plus concentrate. Diets were offered once daily ad libitum. Dietary treatments were as follows: high CP (16%) +/- chitosan (10g kg-1 DMI) supplementation (HP+) or (HP-) and low CP (12%) +/- chitosan supplementation (LP+) or (LP-). Experimental periods were 25d in duration (14 d dietary adaptation and 10 d sampling). Rumen fluid was collected via cannula every 2 h post feeding for analysis of ruminal pH, ammonia (NH3) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) over a 48-hour period. Data was analysed using Proc Mixed procedure in SAS. Significant differences were considered when P &lt; 0.05. Dietary treatment had no effect on ruminal pH (P &gt; 0.05). Chitosan supplementation had no effect on ruminal NH3 and VFA concentrations (P &gt; 0.05), whereas, animals offered 16% CP had higher concentrations of ruminal NH3 (P &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, supplementing a TMR diet fed to beef heifers with chitosan had no effect on rumen fermentation. However, reducing dietary CP concentration fed to beef animals resulted in lower rumen NH3 concentrations.

Formaldehyde as a silage additive. I. The chemical composition and nutritive value of frozen lucerne, lucerne silage, and formaldehyde-treated lucerne silage

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
DC Brown ◽  
SC Valentine
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Plant Proteins ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Ad Libitum

Formaldehyde-treated silages, frozen lucerne, and untreated silage were prepared from a lucerne stand and offered to Merino wethers. Formalin was applied at rates of 16.6, 24.9, and 33.1 g formaldehyde per 100 g crude protein. Formaldehyde-treated silages had significantly lower concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and total and individual organic acids than did untreated silage, and hence the ensiling fermentation was inhibited by formaldehyde. Formaldehyde treatment of lucerne partly protected plant proteins against microbial degradation during in vitro rumen liquor digestion and so reduced ammonia nitrogen concentrations in the supernatant. Ad libitum dry matter intakes and in vivo dry matter and nitrogen digestibilities were significantly lower for the treated silages than for frozen lucerne or untreated silage. The treatment of lucerne with formaldehyde at concentrations of 16.6 g formaldehyde per 100 g crude protein and above was not a suitable method of controlling the ensiling fermentation to increase the voluntary consumption of lucerne silage by sheep.

scholarly journals Effect of influent ammonia nitrogen concentration on microbial community in MBBR reactor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huizhou Yuan ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Kun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Average Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Microbial Samples

Abstract The purpose of this study is to explore the nitrogen removal efficiency of the moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) under different ammonia nitrogen concentrations (states P1–P5), especially the composition of various forms of nitrogen, related genes and microbial community structure and succession law in the effluent of the reactor. The results show that the average efficiency of MBBR effluent denitrification is 63.63%. The concentration dynamics of NO3−-N and NO2−-N in the effluent indicated a relatively short-range nitrification and denitrification reaction in the MBBR. The results of 16SrDNA sequencing of P1–P5 microbial samples found that changes in the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the influent produced significant changes in the composition of the microbial community in the MBBR. The genera Ottowia and Flavobacterium played an important role in the nitrogen removal of the MBBR system.

scholarly journals Effect of substitution barley grain with dried sugar beet pulp on ruminal pH and ammonia nitrogen concentration of Holstein steers

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 160-160
Author(s):  
M Mojtahedi ◽  
M Danesh Mesgaran ◽  
A Heravi Moussavi ◽  
A Tahmasbi
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Starch Fermentation ◽  
Beet Pulp

Grains are often substituted for forage in ruminant diets to increase feed intake, diet fermentability, and animal growth rate. However, greater dietary starch concentration can lead to digestive disorders, such as ruminal acidosis and reduce performance (Owens et al., 1998). Adding non-forage fibre source, such as sugar beet pulp (SBP), to low-forage diets might reduce the negative effects of increased starch fermentation without increasing the filling effect of the diet to the same extent as forage fibre. So, substituting SBP for barley grain in a diet with moderately low forage content should alter ruminal fermentation and might increase mean or minimum ruminal pH. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the substitution of barley grain with SBP on ruminal pH and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration in Holstein steers.

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