The effects of prenatal oxidative stress levels on infant adiposity development during the first year of life

Although numerous studies have been conducted to examine the causal factors of childhood obesity, the implications of intrauterine oxidative stress on early postnatal adiposity development remain to be elucidated. The Universiti Sains Malaysia Birth Cohort Study aimed to investigate the effects of prenatal oxidative stress levels on the development of infant adiposity during the first year of life. This study was conducted on the healthy pregnant women aged 19–40 years, from April 2010 to December 2012 in Kelantan, Malaysia. Maternal blood samples were drawn in the second trimester to analyse for oxidative stress markers. Infant anthropometric measurements were taken at birth, 2, 6 and 12 months of age. A total of 153 pregnant women and full-term infants were included in the analysis. Statistical test was conducted by using multiple linear regression. Through the infant first year of life, as maternal DNA damage level in the second trimester increased, infant weights at birth (β=−0.122, P<0.001), 2 months (β=−0.120, P=0013), 6 months (β=−0.209, P=0.003) and 12 months of age (β=−0.241, P=0.006) decreased after adjusting for confounders. Similar results were noted when infant body mass index-for-age Z-scores and triceps skinfold-for-age Z-scores were used as the adiposity indicators. In conclusion, the present study shows a consistent inverse association between maternal DNA damage and infant adiposity during the first year of life. These infants with reduced growth and adiposity in early postnatal life may have a high tendency to experience catch-up growth during childhood, which could be strongly associated with later obesity.

Download Full-text

VITAMIN D PROVISION FOR CHILDREN AND ADULT POPULATION OF THE AMUR REGION

Bulletin physiology and pathology of respiration ◽

10.12737/20121 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (60) ◽

pp. 57-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Романцова ◽

Elena Romantsova ◽

Борисенко ◽

Elena Borisenko ◽

Бабцева ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Adult Population ◽

Amur Region ◽

Preschool Age ◽

First Year ◽

First Year Of Life

The aim of the research is to study the availability of vitamin D among children of different age and pregnant women living in the Amur region. 339 residents of Blagoveshchensk (279 children of different age and 60 adults) were examined. Among them there were 129 toddlers, 90 children of preschool age of 3-6 years old, 60 adolescents of 15-17 years old and 60 adults (pregnant women) of 18-40 years old. In the blood serum the content of the metabolite of vitamin D [25(OH)D] was studied by high performance liquid chromatography. The assessment of risk factors for failure and deficiency of vitamin D was conducted by clinical and anamnestic data. The first results of the study have been presented. They indicate a high frequency of various vitamin D deficiency in the population of the Amur region. Among 339 residents of the Amur region 92 (27.1%) had an adequate availability of vitamin D, 144 (42.4%) had an insufficiency of 25(OH)D; at the same time vitamin D deficiency was identified in 90 (26.5%) with 1/3 of the child population and 1/4 of pregnant women. The level of 25(OH)D within normal limits found in 37.5% of children in the first year of life decreased till 3.6 % by 3 years old, with its deficit increasing from 29.1% to 50%, persisting at this level (45.5 percent) in 3-6 year-old children, declining till 23.3% in adolescents and till 23.3% in pregnant women. The average vitamin D in the studied age periods was the highest in the first year of life (36.14±4.3 ng/ml), and the lowest in 2-3 year-old children (19.31±14.68 ng/ml), with a gradual increase in 3-6 years old (21.77±0.96 ng/ml); in 15-17 years old (23.89±0.66 ng/ml) and in pregnant women it has reached a level of 27.75±0.18 ng/ml, remaining below normal values. Respiratory infections, digestion, bone and joint systems pathologies are the most important risk factors contributing to the low status of 25 (OH) D; their prevention, alongside with the correction of vitamin D deficiency can improve the health of the population of the Amur region.

Download Full-text

Prevalence and determinants of stunting and overweight in 3-year-old black South African children residing in the Central Region of Limpopo Province, South Africa

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1079/phn2005786 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 501-508 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

Ramoteme L Mamabolo ◽

Marianne Alberts ◽

Nelia P Steyn ◽

Henriette A Delemarre-van de Waal ◽

Naomi S Levitt

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Central Region ◽

Limpopo Province ◽

First Year ◽

Working Mother ◽

Rural Villages ◽

Black South African ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Z Scores ◽

First Year Of Life

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of stunting, wasting and overweight and their determinants in 3-year-old children in the Central Region of Limpopo Province, South Africa.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingRural villages in the Central Region of the Limpopo Province, South Africa.SubjectsOne hundred and sixty-two children who were followed from birth were included in the study. Anthropometric measurements and sociodemographic characteristics of the children were recorded.ResultsHeight-for-age Z-scores were low, with a high prevalence of stunting (48%). The children also exhibited a high prevalence of overweight (22%) and obesity (24%). Thirty-one (19%) children were both stuntedandoverweight. Gaining more weight within the first year of life increased the risk of being overweight at 3 years by 2.39 times (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.96–4.18) while having a greater length at 1 year was protective against stunting (odds ratio (OR) 0.41; 95% CI 0.17–0.97). Having a mother as a student increased the risk for stunting at 3 years by 18.21 times (95% CI 9.46–34.74) while having a working mother increased the risk for overweight by 17.87 times (95% CI 8.24–38.78). All these factors also appeared as risks or as being protective in children who were both overweight and stunted, as did living in a household having nine or more persons (OR 5.72; 95% CI 2.7–12.10).ConclusionThe results of this study highlight the importance of evaluating anthropometric status in terms of both stunting and overweight. Furthermore, it is important to realise the importance of normal length and weight being attained at 1 year of age, since these in turn predict nutritional status at 3 years of age.

Download Full-text

A Calcium Supplementation That Reduced Lead Concentration in Pregnant Women Is Associated with a Positive Effect on Length of Their Offspring the First Year of Life

Epidemiology ◽

10.1097/01.ede.0000362570.90082.09 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. S168

Author(s):

Alejandra Cantoral ◽

Martha M. Tellez-Rojo ◽

Héctor Lamadrid-Figueroa ◽

Karen Peterson ◽

Adrienne Ettinger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Lead Concentration ◽

Calcium Supplementation ◽

First Year ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Positive Effect

Download Full-text

Oxidative stress levels and oral bacterial milieu in the saliva from pregnant vs. non-pregnant women

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-020-01230-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Madhu Wagle ◽

Purusotam Basnet ◽

Åse Vartun ◽

Tordis A. Trovik ◽

Ganesh Acharya

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Stress Levels

Download Full-text

Posterior Cervical Brown Fat and CXCL14 levels in the First Year of Life: Sex Differences and Association with Adiposity

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgab761 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Cristina Garcia-Beltran ◽

Rubén Cereijo ◽

Cristina Plou ◽

Aleix Gavaldà-Navarro ◽

Rita Malpique ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Studies ◽

Serum Levels ◽

First Year ◽

High Molecular Weight Adiponectin ◽

Bat Activity ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

Z Scores ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Shivering Thermogenesis ◽

Gene Expression Levels

Abstract Context Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is particularly abundant in neonates but its association with measures of adiposity and metabolic health in early infancy is poorly delineated. Besides sustaining non-shivering thermogenesis, BAT secretes brown adipokines that act on systemic metabolism. The chemokine CXCL14 has been identified as a brown adipokine in experimental studies. Objective To determine the relationships among BAT activity, adiposity and circulating CXCL14 levels in the first year of life in girls and boys. Design, setting and participants Indices of fat accretion, circulating endocrine-metabolic parameters and serum CXCL14 levels were assessed longitudinally in a cohort of infants at birth and at 4 and 12 months. BAT activity was estimated using infrared thermography only at age 12 months. Main outcome measures Weight and length Z-scores, total and abdominal fat content (by DXA), BAT activity at the posterior-cervical and supraclavicular regions, serum levels of glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I, high-molecular-weight adiponectin and CXCL14; CXCL14 transcript levels in neonatal BAT and liver. Results Posterior-cervical BAT was more active in girls than in boys (P=0.02). BAT activity was negatively associated with adiposity parameters only in girls. CXCL14 levels were higher in girls than in boys at age 12 months and correlated positively with the area of active posterior-cervical BAT in girls. Neonatal BAT showed high CXCL14 gene expression levels. Conclusions BAT activity and the levels of CXCL14 -a potential surrogate of BAT activity, are sex-specific in the first year of life. Posterior-cervical BAT activity associates negatively with indices of adiposity only in girls.

Download Full-text

Association of antioxidant vitamins and oxidative stress levels in pregnancy with infant growth during the first year of life

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980007001322 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 998-1005 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Juhee Hong ◽

Eun Ae Park ◽

Young-Ju Kim ◽

Hwa Young Lee ◽

Bo-Hyun Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Infant Growth ◽

First Year ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

And Oxidative Stress ◽

In Pregnancy

AbstractObjectiveWhereas there are numerous reports in the literature relating the impact of maternal nutritional status on subsequent birth outcome, much less is known about the long-term impact on infant growth after birth. Therefore, we conducted a prospective cohort study to investigate the association of maternal micronutrient status (vitamins A, C and E, folate) and oxidative stress status in pregnancy with infant growth during the first year of life.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingOutpatient clinic of obstetrics, Ewha Womans University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.Subjects and methodsTwo groups were constructed for this study – the Ewha pregnancy cohort (n = 677) and the infant growth cohort comprising follow-up live newborns of all the recruited pregnant women (n = 317). Maternal serum vitamin and urinary oxidative stress levels were collected and infant weights and heights were measured at birth and at 6 and 12 months after birth.ResultsDivision of the subjects into folate-deficient and normal groups revealed that infant weight and height at 0, 6 and 12 months were adversely affected by folate deficiency. High maternal vitamin C was associated with increased infant weight and height at birth and after birth.ConclusionOur findings indicate the importance of preventing folate deficiency and supplementing vitamin C during pregnancy.

Download Full-text

Randomised double-blind trial of the effect of vitamin A supplementation of Indonesian pregnant women on morbidity and growth of their infants during the first year of life

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601318 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 338-346 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

MK Schmidt ◽

S Muslimatun ◽

W Schultink ◽

CE West ◽

JGAJ Hautvast

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

First Year ◽

Double Blind Trial ◽

Double Blind ◽

Vitamin A Supplementation ◽

Blind Trial ◽

First Year Of Life

Download Full-text

Maternal Vitamin D Levels during Late Pregnancy and Risk of Allergic Diseases and Sensitization during the First Year of Life—A Birth Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12082418 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 2418

Author(s):

Fui Chee Woon ◽

Yit Siew Chin ◽

Intan Hakimah Ismail ◽

Amir Hamzah Abdul Latiff ◽

Marijka Batterham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Allergic Diseases ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

First Year ◽

Maternal Vitamin ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

First Year Of Life

Allergic diseases are the most common chronic illness in childhood. Findings from developed countries have reported associations between Vitamin D levels during pregnancy and offspring allergy risk. This prospective cohort study aimed to determine the associations between maternal Vitamin D levels during late pregnancy and allergic diseases in Malaysian infants during the first year of life. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations of 380 pregnant women in the third trimester were measured using a chemiluminescent immunoassay. Children’s allergic outcomes were assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months based on parental reports. Specific IgE antibodies against food and inhalant allergens were measured in infants at 12 months of age. A total of 43.2% pregnant women were Vitamin D deficient (<30 nmol/L) and 56.8% were nondeficient (≥30 nmol/L). A total of 27.6% of the infants had eczema, 6.1% had wheeze, 27.4% had food sensitization, 10.8% had inhalant allergen sensitization, and 3.8% had IgE-mediated food allergy during the first year of life. Compared with the nondeficient group, maternal Vitamin D deficiency in late pregnancy was not associated with any allergic outcomes after adjustment for potential confounding factors. In conclusion, the present study does not support an association between maternal Vitamin D levels in late pregnancy and allergic outcomes during the first year of life.

Download Full-text