scholarly journals Psychiatric epidemiology and disaster exposure in Australia

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 310-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Reifels ◽  
K. Mills ◽  
M. L. A. Dückers ◽  
M. L. O'Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Lifetime Risk ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Disaster Exposure ◽  
Disorder Risk

Aims.To examine the lifetime prevalence and risk of psychiatric disorders associated with natural and man-made disaster exposure in Australia.Methods.We utilised data from a nationally representative population survey (N = 8841) which were analysed through univariate and multivariate logistic regression in order to examine the full spectrum of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) affective, anxiety and substance use disorders associated with exposure to natural and man-made disaster.Results.Man-made disaster exposure was primarily associated with an increased lifetime risk (odds ratio (95% CI)) of alcohol abuse disorder 2.29 (1.56–3.37), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 2.27 (1.36–3.79), obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) 1.95 (1.08–3.51) and major depressive disorder 1.69 (1.01–2.85). Multiple natural disaster exposure was associated with an increased lifetime risk of panic disorder 2.26 (1.11–4.61). Among the broader disorder spectrum examined, alcohol abuse disorder accounted for the single greatest increase in lifetime disorder prevalence associated with man-made disaster exposure, and the greatest number of natural or man-made disaster exposed individuals who had developed a lifetime psychiatric disorder. Despite the relatively greater disorder risk associated with man-made disaster, natural disaster exposure was associated with more cases of psychiatric disorder, likely due to the frequency with which these events occur in Australia.Conclusions.Notwithstanding the inability to draw causal inferences from cross-sectional survey data, population-based analyses provide a comprehensive and consistent method to ascertain the population imprint of psychiatric disorder and disaster exposure. Mental health policy and services should be targeting a range of psychiatric disorders in disaster contexts in addition to the usual focus on PTSD and depression, including alcohol abuse, panic disorder and OCD. Despite the relatively greater disorder risk associated with man-made disaster exposure, the national burden of psychiatric disorder in natural disaster contexts is particularly high.

Age and Remission of Psychiatric Disorders

1997 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 722-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger C Bland ◽  
Stephen C Newman ◽  
Helene Orn
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Remission Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Remission Rates ◽  
One Year

Objective: To examine the relationship between remission of psychiatric disorders and age. Methods: We interviewed 3258 randomly selected adult residents of Edmonton using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS), which yielded DIS/DSM-III diagnoses. Remission was defined as being free of symptoms of the index lifetime disorder in the year preceding the interview, this being the difference between the lifetime and one-year prevalence. For each age group, the proportion of cases with and without symptoms in the preceding year was calculated. Numbers and proportions of cases were estimated after adjusting to the census population and weighting for household size. Only the more common disorders were examined; any comorbidities were ignored. Results: Drug abuse or dependence, antisocial personality disorder (in both sexes), and alcohol abuse or dependence (in men) all showed remission rates that increased with age. Panic disorder and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) showed a decreased likelihood of remission with increasing age. Major depression and phobias showed little tendency to remission with age. Considering all disorders together, the one-year remission rate for all ages combined was only 33.2%, with a tendency for lower remission rates to be found in those aged 55 to 64. Conclusions: As may be expected, antisocial personality, drug abuse or dependence, and alcohol abuse or dependence tend to show increased remission rates with increasing age. In OCD and panic disorder, the low rates of remission found in all age groups indicate that these disorders produce significant long-term morbidity. For depression, which had an overall remission rate of less than 50%, the stable low rate of remission probably indicates not only the difficulties of treatment but also the low rates at which cases get treated.

Brain Hemispheric Organization, Anxiety, and Psychoses

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 58-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Galderisi ◽  
Armida Mucci ◽  
Mario Maj
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Developmental Perspective ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Hemispheric Functioning

AbstractAbnormalities of brain hemispheric organization have been found in a variety of psychiatric disorders. Despite the great amount of data collected and the number of theoretical models elaborated, the role of these abnormalities in the pathogenesis of these disorders remains controversial. This article briefly reviews current concepts of hemispheric functioning, discusses the role of abnormalities of brain hemispheric organization in schizophrenia and in two anxiety disorders (panic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder), and outlines a developmental perspective that accounts for the observed abnormalities.

scholarly journals The association of personality disorders with the prospective 7-year course of anxiety disorders

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1019-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. Ansell ◽  
A. Pinto ◽  
M. O. Edelen ◽  
J. C. Markowitz ◽  
C. A. Sanislow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

BackgroundThis study prospectively examined the natural clinical course of six anxiety disorders over 7 years of follow-up in individuals with personality disorders (PDs) and/or major depressive disorder. Rates of remission, relapse, new episode onset and chronicity of anxiety disorders were examined for specific associations with PDs.MethodParticipants were 499 patients with anxiety disorders in the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study, who were assessed with structured interviews for psychiatric disorders at yearly intervals throughout 7 years of follow-up. These data were used to determine probabilities of changes in disorder status for social phobia (SP), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), panic disorder and panic disorder with agoraphobia.ResultsEstimated remission rates for anxiety disorders in this study group ranged from 73% to 94%. For those patients who remitted from an anxiety disorder, relapse rates ranged from 34% to 67%. Rates for new episode onsets of anxiety disorders ranged from 3% to 17%. Specific PDs demonstrated associations with remission, relapse, new episode onsets and chronicity of anxiety disorders. Associations were identified between schizotypal PD with course of SP, PTSD and GAD; avoidant PD with course of SP and OCD; obsessive-compulsive PD with course of GAD, OCD, and agoraphobia; and borderline PD with course of OCD, GAD and panic with agoraphobia.ConclusionsFindings suggest that specific PD diagnoses have negative prognostic significance for the course of anxiety disorders underscoring the importance of assessing and considering PD diagnoses in patients with anxiety disorders.

Comorbidity in obsessive-compulsive disorder: focus on depression

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 379-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Milanfranchi ◽  
D Marazziti ◽  
C Pfanner ◽  
S Presta ◽  
P Lensi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

SummaryThe authors investigated the comorbidity between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and other psychiatric disorders in a group of 154 outpatients. The influence of an associate major depressive disorder (MDD) on the outcome of treatment with clomipramine was examined in a subgroup of 52 patients. The results showed that MDD was the most frequent disorder associated with OCD (almost 20% of the patients), followed by generalized anxiety and panic disorder. The co-presence of depression delayed the effect of clomipramine.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of default mode networks in major psychiatric disorders using resting-state EEG

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang-Min Choi ◽  
Jeong-Youn Kim ◽  
Yong-Wook Kim ◽  
Jung-Won Han ◽  
Chang-Hwan Im ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

AbstractDefault mode network (DMN) is a set of functional brain structures coherently activated when individuals are in resting-state. In this study, we constructed multi-frequency band resting-state EEG-based DMN functional network models for major psychiatric disorders to easily compare their pathophysiological characteristics. Phase-locking values (PLVs) were evaluated to quantify functional connectivity; global and nodal clustering coefficients (CCs) were evaluated to quantify global and local connectivity patterns of DMN nodes, respectively. DMNs of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder, schizophrenia (SZ), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) were constructed relative to their demographically-matched healthy control groups. Overall DMN patterns were then visualized and compared with each other. In global CCs, SZ and AD showed hyper-clustering in the theta band; OCD, MCI, and AD showed hypo-clustering in the low-alpha band; OCD and MDD showed hypo-clustering and hyper-clustering in low-beta, and high-beta bands, respectively. In local CCs, disease-specific patterns were observed. In the PLVs, lowered theta-band functional connectivity between the left lingual gyrus and the left hippocampus was frequently observed. Our comprehensive comparisons suggest EEG-based DMN as a useful vehicle for understanding altered brain networks of major psychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals Genome-wide landscape of RNA-binding protein dysregulation reveals a major impact on psychiatric disorder risk

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Y. Park ◽  
Jian Zhou ◽  
Aaron K. Wong ◽  
Kathleen M. Chen ◽  
Chandra L. Theesfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Disorder Risk

AbstractDespite the strong genetic basis of psychiatric disorders, the molecular origins of these diseases are still largely unmapped. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are responsible for most post-transcriptional regulation, from splicing to translational to localization. RBPs thus act as key gatekeepers of cellular homeostasis, especially in the brain. Here, we leverage a deep learning approach to interrogate variant effects genome-wide, and discover that the dysregulation of RBP target sites is a principal contributor to psychiatric disorder risk. We show that specific modes of RBP regulation are genetically linked to the heritability of psychiatric disorders, and demonstrate that diverse RBP regulatory functions are reflected in distinct genome-wide negative selection signatures. Notably, RBP dysregulation has a stronger impact on psychiatric disorders than common coding region variants and explains heritability not currently captured by large-scale molecular QTL studies (expression QTLs and splicing QTLs). We share genome-wide profiles of RBP target site dysregulation, which we used to identify DDHD2 as a candidate schizophrenia risk gene, in a public web server. This resource provides a novel analytical framework to connect the full range of RNA regulation to complex disease.

scholarly journals P196 High frequency of undiagnosed mental illness in inflammatory bowel diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S236-S237
Author(s):  
I MARAFINI ◽  
L Longo ◽  
S Salvatori ◽  
D Miri Lavasani ◽  
F Pianigiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Self Report ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Psychiatric Evaluation ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are associated with mental disorders, which can negatively influence the course of IBD. Nonetheless, psychiatric disorder comorbidities (PDCs) remain undiagnosed in many IBD patients. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of undiagnosed psychiatric comorbidities in IBD patients. Methods Two-hundred-thirty-seven adult IBD [136 Crohn’s disease (CD) and 101 with ulcerative colitis (UC)] outpatients were consecutively recruited in a single university hospital centre between January 2018 and June 2019. After the visit for IBD clinical evaluation, participants completed self-report questionnaires and then underwent a clinical interview by a trained psychiatrist. Results One-hundred-fourteen (48%) IBD patients had at least one undiagnosed psychiatric disorder. Forty-three (18%) patients presented a single PDC, 40 (16.8%) had two PDCs, 11 (4.6%) had 3 PDCs, 12 (5%) had 4 PDCs, 7 (2.9%) had 5 PDCs and 1 (0.4%) had 6 PDCs. PDCs were equally distributed among CD (72/136, 53%) and UC (42/101, 42%) patients. Mood disorders (54/114, 47%) and anxiety (27/114, 24%) disorders were the most common PDC; moreover, 23 (20%) patients suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 3 (3%) had an obsessive-compulsive disorder, and 7 (6%) a substance abuse/dependence disorder. Fifty-nine per cent of IBD patients diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder during the study did not have a positive psychiatric anamnesis. PDCs were not related to activity, phenotype or localisation of IBD. Conclusion Psychiatric disorders are common in IBD but not related to activity, phenotype or localisation of bowel disease. Overall, these findings suggest the necessity to include psychiatric evaluation in the management of IBD patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Mental disorders among Children and Teenagers in Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Azizollah Mojahed ◽  
◽  
Behzad Rigi Kooteh ◽  
Mohammad Reza Mohammadi ◽  
Seyed Salman Alavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress

Background: Paying attention to psychiatric disorder in childhood and adolescence is critical. It causes the occurrence of mental disorders in adulthood. The present study aimed to explore the frequency of mental disorders among children and adolescents in Zahedan City, Iran. Materials & Methods: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. Individuals aged between 6 and 18 years were included in this investigation. In total, 1003 children and adolescents were selected by the random cluster sampling method. To collect the required information, in addition to demographic information, the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS-PL) for school-age Children-Present and Lifetime version was employed. The obtained data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression method. Results: A total of 1003 children and adolescents participated in the study; of them, 489 (48.8%) and 514(51.2%) were males and females, respectively. The Mean±SD age of study participants was 11.96±3.99 years. Moreover, 86.8% of the study subjects were from urban areas and 13.2% from rural areas. The highest prevalence of psychiatric disorders concerned behavioral disorders (6.8%); anxiety disorders (6.7%); The lowest prevalence were related to post-traumatic stress disorder (0.2%) and autism (0.1%). The overall prevalence of psychiatric disorder among children and adolescence was 14.4%. Conclusion: This study found a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders similar to previous studies in the same age groups. The estimates played an important role in designing useful programs and interventions.

scholarly journals Postpartum Depression: A Literature Review of Screening and Prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 100-109
Author(s):  
Hana Andrina
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Postpartum Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Screening And Prevention ◽  
Prevention Methods

Pregnancy is a complex and vulnerable period that presents a number of challenges to women, including the development of postpartum psychiatric disorders. These disorders can include postpartum depression and anxiety, which are relatively common, and the rare but more severe postpartum psychosis. In addition, other postpartum psychiatric disorders can include obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and eating disorders. The etiology of postpartum psychiatric disorders is a complex interaction of psychological, social and biological factors, in addition to genetic and environmental factors. The goals of treating postpartum mental illness are reducing maternal symptoms and supporting maternal-child and family functioning. Women and their families should receive psychoeducation about the illness, including evidence-based discussions about the risks and benefits of each treatment option. In this article, we would like to focus on postpartum depression (PPD). Identifying and treating this problem can reduce the alarming number of suicides among depressed perinatal women and the possible adverse effects of untreated maternal depression on their child’s cognitive and behavioral development. Developing effective strategies in global settings that allow the delivery of targeted therapies to women with different clinical phenotypes and severities of PPDs is essential. In this review, we discuss the latest developments in screening, treatment, and prevention methods.

scholarly journals Influence of baseline severity on antidepressant efficacy for anxiety disorders: Meta-analysis and meta-regression

2016 ◽  
Vol 208 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ymkje Anna de Vries ◽  
Peter de Jonge ◽  
Edwin van den Heuvel ◽  
Erick H. Turner ◽  
Annelieke M. Roest
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Baseline Severity ◽  
Antidepressant Efficacy ◽  
Meta Regression

BackgroundAntidepressants are established first-line treatments for anxiety disorders, but it is not clear whether they are equally effective across the severity range.AimsTo examine the influence of baseline severity of anxiety on antidepressant efficacy for generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder (SAD), obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and panic disorder.MethodFifty-six trials of second-generation antidepressants for the short-term treatment of an anxiety disorder were included. Baseline and change scores were extracted for placebo and treatment groups in each trial. Mixed effects meta-regression was used to investigate the effects of treatment group, baseline severity and their interaction.ResultsIncreased baseline severity did not predict greater improvement in drug groups compared with placebo groups. Standardised regression coefficients of the interaction term between baseline severity and treatment group were 0.04 (95% CI –0.13 to 0.20, P = 0.65) for GAD, –0.06 (95% CI –0.20 to 0.09, P = 0.43) for SAD, 0.04 (95% CI –0.07 to 0.16, P = 0.46) for OCD, 0.16 (95% CI –0.22 to 0.53, P = 0.37) for PTSD and 0.002 (95% CI –0.10 to 0.10, P = 0.96) for panic disorder. For OCD, baseline severity did predict improvement in both placebo and drug groups equally (β = 0.11, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.17, P = 0.001).ConclusionsNo relationship between baseline severity and drug–placebo difference was found for anxiety disorders. These results suggest that if the efficacy of antidepressants is considered clinically relevant, they may be prescribed to patients with anxiety regardless of symptom severity.

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