Is cross-breeding of cattle beneficial for the environment? The case of mixed farming systems in Central Java, Indonesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.S.M. Widi ◽  
H.M.J. Udo ◽  
K. Oldenbroek ◽  
I.G.S. Budisatria ◽  
E. Baliarti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Young Stock ◽  
Cross Breeding ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Cattle Farms

SummaryCross-breeding with European beef breeds has become a standard approach for the intensification of smallholder cattle production in Indonesia. This study assessed the environmental impact of cross-breeding, in terms of Global Warming Potential (GWP) and land use. We sampled 90 local Ongole and 162 cross-bred (Simmental × Ongole) cattle farms in four study areas. Expressed per kilogram of live weight of young stock produced, GWP (26.9 kg CO2–equivalents) and land use (34.2 m2) of farms with Ongole breeding stock were not significantly different from the GWP (28.9 kg CO2–equivalents) and land use (37.4 m2) of cross-bred farms. Cross-bred young stock grew faster, but in general cross-bred cattle required more feed. In the current smallholder production system, the dominant cross-breeding practice of using Simmental semen on Ongole andF1cross-bred cows does not result in lower greenhouse gas emissions or land use per kilogram of live weight produced compared with farms with Ongole cows. The advantage from the faster growth of cross-breds is counteracted by the higher emissions from feed production for cross-breds.

scholarly journals Optimization of Profit for Pasture-Based Beef Cattle and Sheep Farming Using Linear Programming: Young Beef Cattle Production in New Zealand

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 849
Author(s):  
Addisu H. Addis ◽  
Hugh T. Blair ◽  
Paul R. Kenyon ◽  
Stephen T. Morris ◽  
Nicola M. Schreurs
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Farm Profitability ◽  
Beef Cattle Production ◽  
Cattle Farms

In New Zealand, surplus dairy-origin calves not needed as replacement or for beef cattle farms requirements for finishing are commercially slaughtered within two weeks of age. This system has perceived ethical issues which can potentially negatively affect the dairy industry. Therefore, a young beef cattle production system to maximize the use of excess calves within the land size constraint is considered as an alternative to a traditional 18 to 33-months slaughtering system. The current study examined the effects of young beef cattle production with slaughter ages at 8 to 14 months on pasture utilization, farm profitability and selling policy on class 5, intensive finishing sheep and beef cattle farms in New Zealand. A linear programming model that had previously been developed for this farm class (optimized traditional beef cattle system) was modified to include a young beef cattle slaughter system and identified the carrying capacity for young and traditional beef cattle and the selling policy required to optimize pasture utilization and farm profitability. Systems with young beef cattle slaughtered at 8, 10, 12 or 14-months of age were simulated without (Scenario I) or with (Scenario II) decreasing the number of traditional beef cattle. Daily per head energy demand for maintenance and live weight change was estimated and converted to kg DM/head on a bimonthly basis. Carcasses from young beef cattle were processed as one class under manufacturing beef price (NZ$4.50). The modified young and traditional beef cattle slaughtering system maintained an extra 6% and 35% beef cattle in Scenario I and Scenario II respectively, and finished 90% and 84% of traditional beef cattle before the second winter. Pasture supplied 98% of the feed demand for the beef cattle activities and 79–83% of that was consumed. Mixed young and traditional beef cattle finishing scenarios returned 2% less gross farm revenue per hectare (GFR/ha). However, earnings before tax per hectare (ETB/ha) in Scenario I and Scenario II were 15–25% greater than that of the optimized traditional beef cattle system, respectively. Young beef cattle production increased pasture utilization and farm profitability and increased selling options for finished beef cattle. Therefore, the young beef cattle system is a viable option for farmers and will help to reduce the need to slaughter calves within two weeks of age.

scholarly journals Rural Roads Are Paving the Way for Land-Use Intensification in the Uplands of Laos

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 330
Author(s):  
Jean-Christophe Castella ◽  
Sonnasack Phaipasith
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Rural Roads ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
The Impact

Road expansion has played a prominent role in the agrarian transition that marked the integration of swidden-based farming systems into the market economy in Southeast Asia. Rural roads deeply altered the landscape and livelihood structures by allowing the penetration of boom crops such as hybrid maize in remote territories. In this article, we investigate the impact of rural road developments on livelihoods in northern Laos through a longitudinal study conducted over a period of 15 years in a forest frontier. We studied adaptive management strategies of local stakeholders through the combination of individual surveys, focus group discussions, participatory mapping and remote-sensing approaches. The study revealed the short-term benefits of the maize feeder roads on poverty alleviation and rural development, but also the negative long-term effects on agroecosystem health and agricultural productivity related to unsustainable land use. Lessons learnt about the mechanisms of agricultural intensification helped understanding the constraints faced by external interventions promoting sustainable land management practices. When negotiated by local communities for their own interest, roads may provide livelihood-enhancing opportunities through access to external resources, rather than undermining them.

A comparison of the Charolais, British Friesian and Hereford breeds as sires of crossbred singlesuckled calves for beef production

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Haycock ◽  
D. A. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Beef Cattle Production ◽  
Breed Crosses ◽  
Selection Of

SUMMARYIn three successive years cows from an Aberdeen Angus cross Shorthorn herd were mated to pedigree Charolais, British Friesian and Hereford bulls. A comparison of the progeny of the three breeds of sire under controlled conditions was therefore possible using a random selection of dams for mating, and identical rearing of the calves. Results for live-weight gain of the suckled progeny were analysed and showed superiority of the Charolais breed over the other two when used in this form of beef cattle production.For birth weights and daily live-weight gains, particularly during the grazing period, the Charolais cross progeny showed superiority over the other two. There was a consistent although not always statistically significant tendency for these differences between the breed crosses to occur in the male calves only, the females showing little difference between breeds. The data also showed highly significant relationships between gestation period and birth weight, both within and between breed crosses.

Land use policies and farming systems

1986 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolfo Mascarenhas ◽  
L.A. Odero-Ogwel ◽  
Y.F.O. Masakhalia ◽  
Asit K. Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Land Use Policies

scholarly journals Is the choice of a farm’s commercial market an indicator of agricultural intensity? Conventional and short food supply chains in periurban farming systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalia Filippini ◽  
Elisa Marraccini ◽  
Sylvie Lardon ◽  
Enrico Bonari
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Market Orientation ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Food Supply Chains ◽  
Agricultural Intensity ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Short Food Supply Chains

Short food supply chains (SFSCs) have been identified as an economic opportunity for agriculture under urban pressure, as well as drivers for more sustainable farming systems. However, few studies have focused on the intensity of periurban farms that participate in such SFSCs, compared with the performance of the other farms. In this paper, we examined the relationship between agricultural intensity and the market orientation in a representative sample of farms in the urban area of Pisa (Italy). We define <em>agricultural intensity</em> as the intensity of land use and its main drivers (<em>e.g</em>., farm management or the individual characteristics of farmers), and <em>market orientation</em> as the ratio of farm produce within conventional, short or mixed foodsupply chains. The results suggest that the market orientation of periurban farming systems is more correlated to the indicators of farm management and land use intensity than to the individual farmer’s characteristics. This result provides the first evidence that market orientation is a driver of intensity, and that individual farmer’s characteristics are not significantly different in the three groups of market orientation. These findings could be generalised to other urban areas and correlated with the main orientation of farming systems in order to support both the assessment of farming systems and the implementation of innovative urban food policies.

scholarly journals Distribution of Flood Risk Area in Bodri Watershed of Kendal Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Husna Fauzia ◽  
◽  
Eka Cahyaningsih ◽  
Hery Hariyanto ◽  
Satya Nugraha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Modeling ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Flood Peak ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Central Java

Flooding is a catastrophic phenomenon that can occur due to various factors, such as uncontrolled landuse changes, climate change, and weather anomalies, and drainage infrastructure damage. The Bodri watershed in Kendal Regency is one of the watersheds in Central Java, which is categorized as critical based on Decree No.328/Menhut-II/2009. Some of the problems in the Bodri watershed include land use that is not suitable for its designation, flooding, erosion, and landslides. This study aims to conduct spatial modeling to create flood hazard maps and flood risk level maps in the Bodri watershed. The method used is hydrograph analysis, flood modeling, potential flood hazards, and flood risk levels. Analysis of the potential for flood hazards from the spatial modeling inundation map with the input of the flood peak return period of 2 years (Q2), 5 years (Q5), and 50 years (Q50). Vulnerability analysis based on land use maps of flood hazard areas. The distribution of flood-prone areas in the Bodri watershed is in Pidodo Kulon Village, Pidodo Wetan Village, and Bangunsari Village.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of the Use of Enzymatic Hydrolyzate with Amino Acids, Vitamins and Minerals to Highly Productive Cows in the Transition Period

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.М. Френк ◽  
Е.М. Гриневская ◽  
А.И. Фролов ◽  
А.Н. Бетин ◽  
Н.И. Маслова
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Young Stock ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Farm Scale ◽  
Feces Analysis ◽  
Experimental Group

В условиях научно-производственного опыта исследована эффективность введения кормовой добавки «Абиотоник» в рацион высокопродуктивных голштинизированных симментальских коров (в транзитный период и на раздое). «Абиотоник» представляет собой усовершенствованный аналог известного импортного препарата «Чиктоник», отличаясь от иностранного аналога многократно увеличенной концентрацией пептона и наличием высокодефицитных микроэлементов (селена и элементоорганического соединения йода). Наши исследования показали, что скармливание препарата «Абиотоник» в дозе 150 мл/гол. способствовало росту продуктивности коров на 5,84%, улучшило физико-химические свойства молока и повысило его пищевую ценность. Применение кормовой добавки способствовало также профилактике желудочно-кишечных заболеваний у коров, повышению их резистентности, о чём свидетельствовали показатели крови и бактериологического исследования кала. Заболеваемость коров в опытной группе не наблюдалась. Использование препарата «Абиотоник» коровам в заключительной стадии сухостойного периода и в начале лактации привело к сокращению времени отделения плаценты у коров после отёла на 6,54%, или на 0,4 часа, повышению живой массы новорождённого молодняка на 1,6% и сокращению сервис-периода у опытных коров на 8 дней по сравнению с контрольными. Использование кормовой добавки «Абиотоник» способствовало получению дополнительного дохода от реализации молока в размере 1152 руб./гол. Полученные экспериментальные данные позволяют рекомендовать использование отечественной импортозамещающей кормовой добавки «Абиотоник» в рационах коров транзитного периода и на раздое в дозе 150 мл/гол. ежедневно в последней фазе сухостоя и через день в течение 40 суток после отёла. Under the conditions of scientific and farm scale trial the efficiency of introduction of the feed additive "Abiotonic" into the diet of highly productive Holsteinized Simmental cows (during the transition period and for days in milk) was studied. "Abiotonic" is an improved analogue of the known imported preparation "Chiktonik" differing from the foreign analogue by its manifoldly increased peptone concentration and the presence of highly deficient microelements (selenium and organo-element compounds of iodine). Our researches have shown that feeding the preparation "Abiotonic" at a dose of 150 ml / head contributed to an increase in cow productivity by 5.84%, improved the physicochemical properties of milk and increased its nutritional value. The use of a feed additive also contributed to the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases in cows, an increase in their resistance as evidenced by haematological parameters and bacteriological feces analysis. The incidence of cows in the experimental group was not observed. The use of the preparation "Abiotonic" for cows in the final stage of the dry period and at the beginning of lactation reduced the time for separation of the placenta in cows after calving by 6.54% or 0.4 hours, increased the live weight of newborn young stock by 1.6% and reduced the service period of experienced cows by 8 days compared with the control ones. The use of the "Abiotonic" feed additive contributed to the receipt of additional income from the sale of milk in the amount of 1152 rubles / head. The obtained experimental data allow us to recommend the use of domestic import-substituting feed additive "Abiotonic" in the diets of cows in the transition period and for days in milk at a dose of 150 ml / head daily in the last phase of dry period and every other day for 40 days after calving.

scholarly journals Temporal changes in arthropod activity in tropical anthropogenic forests

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 792-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.-J. Brandon-Mong ◽  
J.E. Littlefair ◽  
K.-W. Sing ◽  
Y.-P. Lee ◽  
H.-M. Gan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Arthropod Communities ◽  
Reserve Forest ◽  
The Tropics

AbstractArthropod communities in the tropics are increasingly impacted by rapid changes in land use. Because species showing distinct seasonal patterns of activity are thought to be at higher risk of climate-related extirpation, global warming is generally considered a lower threat to arthropod biodiversity in the tropics than in temperate regions. To examine changes associated with land use and weather variables in tropical arthropod communities, we deployed Malaise traps at three major anthropogenic forests (secondary reserve forest, oil palm forest, and urban ornamental forest (UOF)) in Peninsular Malaysia and collected arthropods continuously for 12 months. We used metabarcoding protocols to characterize the diversity within weekly samples. We found that changes in the composition of arthropod communities were significantly associated with maximum temperature in all the three forests, but shifts were reversed in the UOF compared with the other forests. This suggests arthropods in forests in Peninsular Malaysia face a double threat: community shifts and biodiversity loss due to exploitation and disturbance of forests which consequently put species at further risk related to global warming. We highlight the positive feedback mechanism of land use and temperature, which pose threats to the arthropod communities and further implicates ecosystem functioning and human well-being. Consequently, conservation and mitigation plans are urgently needed.

Land use change and precipitation implication to hydro-meteorological disasters in Central Java: an overview

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Intan Hapsari Surya Putri ◽  
Imam Buchori ◽  
Wiwandari Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Meteorological Disasters

Purpose This study aims to prove that land-use change plays a role in the occurrence of hydro-meteorological disasters in Central Java, especially in relation to its upstream and downstream. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents empirical findings from quantitative research using a spatial analysis and descriptive analysis. Findings The upstream and downstream area of Central Java is categorized as a rapid development area that results in changes in land use and land cover. The findings showed that there was an increasing number of hydrometeorological disasters such as floods and landslides as the impact of land-use change and rainfall conditions. Research limitations/implications Analysis of the relationship between rainfall and disaster events with more technical and specific analysis could be done in the further research. Originality/value In this study, more analysis in the context of river basin systems including upstream and downstream in different periods to examine the linkage between them have been considered and incorporated.

Growing of replacement young cattle in ООО «PskovAgroInvest»

2022 ◽  
Vol 354 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
N. A. Shcherbakova ◽  
A. Yu. Kozlovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Group Approach ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Young Stock ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Young Cattle

ООО «PskovAgroInvest» pays great attention to the rearing of replacement young animals. The rate of increase in the intensity of raising heifers on the farm meets the standards and requirements of pedigree dairy cattle breeding. The farm uses stage-bystage rearing of replacement young stock, taking into account its age. A group approach to rearing young animals. Replacement heifers use natural and cultivated pastures in the summer. In recent years, the age of replacement heifers at the first insemination has noticeably decreased and approached the norm. At the same time, the live weight of animals at the first insemination increased, which in 2020 amounted to 460 kg, which opens up prospects for a further decrease in the age of the first insemination. This became possible due to an increase in the average daily growth in cultivation, which regularly increases every year and amounts to 756 g in 2020, which is 98 g, or 14.9%, more than in 2016. From table 2 it follows that in recent years, at all age periods, replacement heifers had a live weight exceeding the breed standard, which is 250 kg at 10-month-old, 290 kg at 12-month-old and 390 kg at 18-month-old age. At the same time, an increase in the average live weight of the replacement livestock is observed every year. So, in 2020, the value of the indicator was 278 kg at the age of 10 months, 331 kg at the age of 12 months, 463 kg at the age of 18 months, which is 16 kg, 54 kg and 75 kg, or 6.1%, 19, 5% and 19.3%, more than in 2016, respectively. Thus, the analyzed period allows us to conclude about the effectiveness of zootechnical work to improve the rearing of replacement heifers on the farm, but it must be continued in order to reduce the age of first insemination to 15–17 months with the optimal live weight of the livestock.

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