Whitening fossils for photographic purposes

The Paleontological Society Special Publications ◽

10.1017/s2475262200005323 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 342-346 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rodney M. Feldmann

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Chloride ◽

False Information ◽

Tonal Pattern ◽

Tonal Patterns ◽

Non Destructive ◽

Topographic Relief

The purpose of photographing fossils for study and for publication is to provide information regarding the morphology of the fossil. Typically, this morphology is expressed as topographic relief. Tonal patterns and color rarely serve to enhance the expression of morphology and may, instead, provide false information. As a result, it is desirable typically to eliminate, or reduce, the effects of variations in tonal pattern over the surface to be photographed to emphasize aspects of relief of the specimen and, therefore, actual expressions of morphology. Furthermore, uncoated specimens may be lustrous so that lighting the specimen for photography may produce undesirable highlights. A simple, and non-destructive, technique for whitening fossil specimens involves the application of ammonium chloride sublimate to the surface of the specimen (Figure 1). This coating is non-destructive, produces a uniform, nonlustrous white surface that enhances detail, and can be readily removed without damage to the specimen.

Download Full-text

The base of Korean noun paradigms

Korean Linguistics ◽

10.1075/kl.16.2.02do ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 111-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Youngah Do ◽

Chiyuki Ito ◽

Michael Kenstowicz

Keyword(s):

The Other ◽

Tonal Pattern ◽

Pattern Change ◽

Tonal Patterns ◽

Citation Form ◽

Stem Shape

This paper reports and analyzes the tonal patterns that emerge in South Kyengsang monosyllabic nouns that exhibit two well-known analogical changes in stem shape, one involving coronal obstruent codas and the other stems with an underlying cluster. By the first change, underlying and orthographic /nach/ ‘face’ inflects as nat̚, nach-ɨl (conservative) or nas-ɨl (innovative); and by the second underlying /talk/ ‘chicken’ inflects as tak̚, talk-ɨl (conservative) or tak-ɨl (innovative). We find that many such nouns with a high-low tonal pattern change to high-high when inflected with the segmentally innovative stem. We propose that this tonal change supports the model of Korean noun paradigms proposed in Albright (2008) and Do (2013) in which the citation form serves as the base for the construction of the suffixed forms. If the base is a neutralization site, then learners select the alternant in which they have the greatest confidence of scoring a correct hit when undoing the neutralization.

Download Full-text

Dubbing attitudes through tonal patterns: when tones speak louder than words

Vigo International Journal of Applied Linguistics ◽

10.35869/vial.v0i16.96 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 135-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sofía Sánchez Mompeán

Keyword(s):

Empirical Data ◽

Target Audience ◽

Final Outcome ◽

Speech Analysis ◽

Oral Discourse ◽

Analysis Software ◽

Tonal Pattern ◽

Back Seat ◽

Tonal Patterns

This article explores the conveyance of attitudinal content through intonation in dubbed dialogue and presents the findings from an empirical corpus-based analysis. Research-wise, intonation is hitherto an understudied topic in Audiovisual Translation and has generally taken a back seat in dubbing literature. However, its communicative value and attitudinal function in oral discourse cannot be overlooked when interpreting and producing dubbed speech. The possibility of associating a particular tonal pattern with specific attitudes has enabled the comparison between a number of English original and Spanish dubbed intonation phrases via a speech analysis software. The results obtained provide empirical data on the dubbing of the attitudinal content under analysis and account for the main trends that could negatively affect both the quality of the final outcome and the way the dubbed text is received by the target audience.

Download Full-text

A Search for Tonal Pattern Perception in Cebus Monkeys: Why Monkeys Can't Hum a Tune

Music Perception An Interdisciplinary Journal ◽

10.2307/40285410 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 453-480 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

M. R. D'Amato

Keyword(s):

Auditory Processing ◽

Average Frequency ◽

Pattern Perception ◽

Striking Difference ◽

Tonal Pattern ◽

Acoustic Stimuli ◽

Discriminative Behavior ◽

Tonal Patterns ◽

Cebus Monkeys ◽

Species Specific

This article reviews a series of experiments aimed at assessing the capacity of cebus monkeys and rats for tonal pattern perception (sensitivity to frequency contour). The animals' ability to differentiate between two tunes (structured sequences of tones) that shared several component notes and were similar in their average frequency suggested tonal pattern perception in both species. Detailed analysis of the basis of their discriminative behavior revealed, however, that the latter was completely controlled by local cues. Additional studies confirmed this finding and showed that the cognitive limitation was not, in the case of the monkeys, due to a generally impoverished capacity for processing acoustic stimuli or to an unduly truncated auditory short- term store. Many species of songbirds also seem remarkably deficient in their ability to perceive the tonal patterns of non-species-specific acoustic stimuli, which may be widespread among animals. Some implications of this striking difference in the auditory processing capacities of animals and humans are briefly discussed.

Download Full-text

Tone assignment and grammatical tone in Anal (Tibeto-Burman)

Studies in Language ◽

10.1075/sl.17030.oze ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 708-733 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pavel Ozerov

Keyword(s):

Grammatical Category ◽

Vowel Length ◽

Tonal Pattern ◽

Assignment Rule ◽

Verbal Form ◽

African Languages ◽

Grammatical Categories ◽

Tonal Patterns ◽

Tone Spreading ◽

Complex Phenomena

Abstract Complex phenomena of grammatical tone, well-described for many African languages, are increasingly attested also in the Tibeto-Burman family. This paper describes the tone assignment rule and two cases of tonal expression of grammatical categories in the Tibeto-Burman language Anal. The typologically unusual rule involves tone spreading, tonal polarity on a non-edge constituent and additional spreading, resulting in constant tonal patterns across grammatical suffixes. In two different cases the combination of the tonal pattern assigned by this rule with peculiar morpho-tonological processes results in a marking of a grammatical category (future and 1sg-person) by grammatical tone, by vowel-length, or only by the overall tonal pattern of the verbal form. Both cases are related to the omission of an explicit marking of the category, although the outcome cannot be explained only by the concept of a floating tone.

Download Full-text

Word stress and sentence prosody in Greek

Proceedings of 11th International Conference of Experimental Linguistics ◽

10.36505/exling-2020/11/0015/000430 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Antonis Botinis ◽

Christina Alexandris ◽

Athina Kontostavlaki

Keyword(s):

Sentence Type ◽

Intensity Increase ◽

Local Domain ◽

Tonal Pattern ◽

Stressed Syllable ◽

Global Context ◽

Word Stress ◽

Tonal Patterns ◽

Variable Focus ◽

Multiple Interactions

The present study concerns the prosodic structure of Greek as a function of word stress and focus as well as statement and yes/no question sentence type distinctions. It is argued that the word stress distinction has a local domain whereas focus, statement and question distinctions have a global domain. Word stress has a lengthening effect on all segmental constituents of the stressed syllable and especially on vowel in combination with an intensity increase whereas the tonal pattern is variable in accordance with the global context. The focus distinction has no lengthening effect locally and may show variable tonal patterns locally and globally depending on the global context. The statement and yes/no sentence type distinction has variable prosodic patterns locally and globally and shows multiple interactions with variable focus applications.

Download Full-text

Luminescence from individual dislocations in II-VI and III-V semiconductors

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100088488 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 834-835

Author(s):

J W Steeds

Keyword(s):

Group Iv ◽

Luminescence Properties ◽

Carrier Recombination ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Wide Range ◽

Basic Physics ◽

Semiconducting Compounds ◽

Diamond Group ◽

Non Destructive ◽

Technological Significance

There is a wide range of experimental results related to dislocations in diamond, group IV, II-VI, III-V semiconducting compounds, but few of these come from isolated, well-characterized individual dislocations. We are here concerned with only those results obtained in a transmission electron microscope so that the dislocations responsible were individually imaged. The luminescence properties of the dislocations were studied by cathodoluminescence performed at low temperatures (~30K) achieved by liquid helium cooling. Both spectra and monochromatic cathodoluminescence images have been obtained, in some cases as a function of temperature.There are two aspects of this work. One is mainly of technological significance. By understanding the luminescence properties of dislocations in epitaxial structures, future non-destructive evaluation will be enhanced. The second aim is to arrive at a good detailed understanding of the basic physics associated with carrier recombination near dislocations as revealed by local luminescence properties.

Download Full-text

Forensic Identifications Aided by Scanning Electron Microscopy of Silicone-Epoxy Microreplicas of Calcified and Cornified Structures

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100117017 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 678-679 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R.F. Sognnaes

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Forensic Science ◽

George Washington ◽

Epithelial Surface ◽

Extended Application ◽

Tissue Surfaces ◽

Non Destructive ◽

Scanning Electron ◽

Surface Changes

Sufficient experience has been gained during the past five years to suggest an extended application of microreplication and scanning electron microscopy to problems of forensic science. The author's research was originally initiated with a view to develop a non-destructive method for identification of materials that went into objects of art, notably ivory and ivories. This was followed by a very specific application to the identification and duplication of the kinds of materials from animal teeth and tusks which two centuries ago went into the fabrication of the ivory dentures of George Washington. Subsequently it became apparent that a similar method of microreplication and SEM examination offered promise for a whole series of problems pertinent to art, technology and science. Furthermore, what began primarily as an application to solid substances has turned out to be similarly applicable to soft tissue surfaces such as mucous membranes and skin, even in cases of acute, chronic and precancerous epithelial surface changes, and to post-mortem identification of specific structures pertinent to forensic science.

Download Full-text