scholarly journals Word stress and sentence prosody in Greek

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonis Botinis ◽  
Christina Alexandris ◽  
Athina Kontostavlaki
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Type ◽  
Intensity Increase ◽  
Local Domain ◽  
Tonal Pattern ◽  
Stressed Syllable ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Word Stress ◽  
Tonal Patterns ◽  
Variable Focus ◽  
Multiple Interactions

The present study concerns the prosodic structure of Greek as a function of word stress and focus as well as statement and yes/no question sentence type distinctions. It is argued that the word stress distinction has a local domain whereas focus, statement and question distinctions have a global domain. Word stress has a lengthening effect on all segmental constituents of the stressed syllable and especially on vowel in combination with an intensity increase whereas the tonal pattern is variable in accordance with the global context. The focus distinction has no lengthening effect locally and may show variable tonal patterns locally and globally depending on the global context. The statement and yes/no sentence type distinction has variable prosodic patterns locally and globally and shows multiple interactions with variable focus applications.

Whitening fossils for photographic purposes

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 342-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney M. Feldmann
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
False Information ◽  
Tonal Pattern ◽  
Tonal Patterns ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Topographic Relief

The purpose of photographing fossils for study and for publication is to provide information regarding the morphology of the fossil. Typically, this morphology is expressed as topographic relief. Tonal patterns and color rarely serve to enhance the expression of morphology and may, instead, provide false information. As a result, it is desirable typically to eliminate, or reduce, the effects of variations in tonal pattern over the surface to be photographed to emphasize aspects of relief of the specimen and, therefore, actual expressions of morphology. Furthermore, uncoated specimens may be lustrous so that lighting the specimen for photography may produce undesirable highlights. A simple, and non-destructive, technique for whitening fossil specimens involves the application of ammonium chloride sublimate to the surface of the specimen (Figure 1). This coating is non-destructive, produces a uniform, nonlustrous white surface that enhances detail, and can be readily removed without damage to the specimen.

scholarly journals The base of Korean noun paradigms

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngah Do ◽  
Chiyuki Ito ◽  
Michael Kenstowicz
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Tonal Pattern ◽  
Pattern Change ◽  
Tonal Patterns ◽  
Citation Form ◽  
Stem Shape

This paper reports and analyzes the tonal patterns that emerge in South Kyengsang monosyllabic nouns that exhibit two well-known analogical changes in stem shape, one involving coronal obstruent codas and the other stems with an underlying cluster. By the first change, underlying and orthographic /nach/ ‘face’ inflects as nat̚, nach-ɨl (conservative) or nas-ɨl (innovative); and by the second underlying /talk/ ‘chicken’ inflects as tak̚, talk-ɨl (conservative) or tak-ɨl (innovative). We find that many such nouns with a high-low tonal pattern change to high-high when inflected with the segmentally innovative stem. We propose that this tonal change supports the model of Korean noun paradigms proposed in Albright (2008) and Do (2013) in which the citation form serves as the base for the construction of the suffixed forms. If the base is a neutralization site, then learners select the alternant in which they have the greatest confidence of scoring a correct hit when undoing the neutralization.

scholarly journals Dubbing attitudes through tonal patterns: when tones speak louder than words

2019 ◽  
pp. 135-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofía Sánchez Mompeán
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Final Outcome ◽  
Speech Analysis ◽  
Oral Discourse ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Tonal Pattern ◽  
Back Seat ◽  
Tonal Patterns

This article explores the conveyance of attitudinal content through intonation in dubbed dialogue and presents the findings from an empirical corpus-based analysis. Research-wise, intonation is hitherto an understudied topic in Audiovisual Translation and has generally taken a back seat in dubbing literature. However, its communicative value and attitudinal function in oral discourse cannot be overlooked when interpreting and producing dubbed speech. The possibility of associating a particular tonal pattern with specific attitudes has enabled the comparison between a number of English original and Spanish dubbed intonation phrases via a speech analysis software. The results obtained provide empirical data on the dubbing of the attitudinal content under analysis and account for the main trends that could negatively affect both the quality of the final outcome and the way the dubbed text is received by the target audience.

A Search for Tonal Pattern Perception in Cebus Monkeys: Why Monkeys Can't Hum a Tune

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. D'Amato
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Pattern Perception ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Tonal Pattern ◽  
Acoustic Stimuli ◽  
Discriminative Behavior ◽  
Tonal Patterns ◽  
Cebus Monkeys ◽  
Species Specific

This article reviews a series of experiments aimed at assessing the capacity of cebus monkeys and rats for tonal pattern perception (sensitivity to frequency contour). The animals' ability to differentiate between two tunes (structured sequences of tones) that shared several component notes and were similar in their average frequency suggested tonal pattern perception in both species. Detailed analysis of the basis of their discriminative behavior revealed, however, that the latter was completely controlled by local cues. Additional studies confirmed this finding and showed that the cognitive limitation was not, in the case of the monkeys, due to a generally impoverished capacity for processing acoustic stimuli or to an unduly truncated auditory short- term store. Many species of songbirds also seem remarkably deficient in their ability to perceive the tonal patterns of non-species-specific acoustic stimuli, which may be widespread among animals. Some implications of this striking difference in the auditory processing capacities of animals and humans are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Intensiivsus, rõhk ja välde eesti keeles

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-210
Author(s):  
Heete Sahkai ◽  
Meelis Mihkla
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Stressed Syllable ◽  
Word Stress ◽  
Acoustic Correlates ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Intensity Range ◽  
Intensity Parameters ◽  
Unstressed Syllable ◽  
Intensity Stress

Uurimuses vaadeldakse, kas ja millised intensiivsuse parameetrid eristavad eesti keeles (a) lauserõhutut, lauserõhulist ja emfaatilise lauserõhuga sõna, (b) sõnarõhulist ja -rõhutut silpi ning (c) kolme väldet, ning kas võimalikud korrelatsioonid on sõltu matud põhitoonist. Intensiivsuse parameetritest on vaatluse all sõnarõhulise silbi intensiivsuse tase, intensiivsuse ulatus sõnas ja intensiivsuse kontuur rõhulises silbis. Uurimuse tulemusena leiti, et lause tasandi tingimusi ‒ lauserõhutut, lauserõhulist ja emfaatilise lauserõhuga sõna ‒ eristab üksteisest rõhulise silbi intensiivsuse tase, mis on tugevalt seotud rõhulise silbi põhitoonitasemega. Sõna tasandi tingimusi ‒ sõna rõhulist silpi ja välteastmeid ‒ eristavad intensiivsuse parameetrid seevastu on põhitoonist sõltumatumad. Sõnarõhulist silpi eristab rõhutust kõrgem intensiivsuse tase, ning välteastmeid eristavad intensiivsuse ulatus sõnas ja intensiivsusekontuur rõhulises silbis. Abstract. Heete Sahkai and Meelis Mihkla: Intensity, stress, and quantity in Estonian. The study examines the correlations of overall intensity with a) deaccented, accented and emphatically accented words; b) stressed and unstressed syllables; and c) short, long and overlong word quantities. The study considers three intensity parameters: the intensity level and the intensity contour of the stressed syllable, and the intensity range of the word. The authors ask whether and which of these parameters correlate with the examined categories, and whether the possible correlations are independent of fundamental frequency. The study finds that the phrase level categories – deaccented, accented, and emphatically accented words – are distinguished by the intensity level of the stressed syllable, which correlates strongly with F0. The intensity parameters that correlate with the word level categories are more independent of F0. The stressed syllable is distinguished from the unstressed syllable by a higher intensity level. The three quantity degrees are distinguished by the intensity range of the word and the intensity contour in the stressed syllable. Keywords: Estonian, word quantity, word stress, phrasal stress, emphasis, acoustic correlates, intensity, fundamental frequency

scholarly journals The prosody of focus projection: word stress and F0 patterns in Georgian

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Borise
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Focus Position ◽  
Stressed Syllable ◽  
Word Stress ◽  
Narrow Focus ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Pitch Accents ◽  
Focus Projection

Based on experimental evidence, this paper shows that focus projection/percolation – the phenomenon by way of which prosodic prominence on a sub-constituent signals focus on the whole constituent – has a consistent prosodic realization in Georgian. The novelty of these findings lies in two properties of Georgian that have not been explored from the perspective of focus projection: it is a language with a dedicated focus position (linearly immediately preverbal) and one that does not rely on pitch accents in the expression of phrasal prosody (Skopeteas & Féry 2010; 2016). According to focus projection accounts (Selkirk 1984; Cinque 1993; Ladd 1996; Zubizarreta 1998, a. o.), utterances with narrow focus on the direct object are realized in the same way as broad focus utterances, since in all three cases prosodic prominence is realized on the direct object. In contrast, in utterances with narrow focus on the subject, the subject is the most prosodically prominent element, which means that the whole utterance has a different prosodic realization from that of broad focus contexts. This paper shows that the distribution of prosodic prominence in object- and subject-focus contexts in Georgian fits with this generalization. Specifically, the realization of utterances with narrowly focused objects does not differ from broad focus contexts in their F0 patterns and prominence of the stressed syllable, while narrowly focused subjects differ from subjects in broad focus utterances in both of these parameters.

Tone assignment and grammatical tone in Anal (Tibeto-Burman)

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 708-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Ozerov
Keyword(s):  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Vowel Length ◽  
Tonal Pattern ◽  
Assignment Rule ◽  
Verbal Form ◽  
African Languages ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
Tonal Patterns ◽  
Tone Spreading ◽  
Complex Phenomena

Abstract Complex phenomena of grammatical tone, well-described for many African languages, are increasingly attested also in the Tibeto-Burman family. This paper describes the tone assignment rule and two cases of tonal expression of grammatical categories in the Tibeto-Burman language Anal. The typologically unusual rule involves tone spreading, tonal polarity on a non-edge constituent and additional spreading, resulting in constant tonal patterns across grammatical suffixes. In two different cases the combination of the tonal pattern assigned by this rule with peculiar morpho-tonological processes results in a marking of a grammatical category (future and 1sg-person) by grammatical tone, by vowel-length, or only by the overall tonal pattern of the verbal form. Both cases are related to the omission of an explicit marking of the category, although the outcome cannot be explained only by the concept of a floating tone.

Interaction of word stress, focus, and sentence type in English

2007 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 3199-3199
Author(s):  
Fang Liu ◽  
Yi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Type ◽  
Word Stress

scholarly journals Menjadi Manusia Indonesia yang Otentik: Belajar dari Hans Kung

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Andreas Maurenis Putra
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Local Domain ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
Communal Life ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Hans Küng ◽  
The Future

Abstract: Globalization has a significant impact on the dynamics of human life. The activities and creativities of individuals in society are facilitated. Everyone's knowledge and relations are increasingly widespread. Humans are becoming increasingly compliant in various dimensions: space and time. The cool breeze brought by modernity refreshes the external needs of personal and communal life. But the cool breeze of modernity inevitably lulls the deepest elements of life. Humans must be treated humanly, experiencing lameness. This dimension is blurred because it is rarely criticized because the society, both globally (world) and locally (Indonesia) is lulled by the pleasures of modernity. In the light of Hans Kung's thought, the perspectives in this discourse affirm the commitment to realize human authenticity in general, in a global context and implementation into the local domain, our Indonesian. The ideas presented in this thesis frame  -more less- a fundamental problem experienced by modern humans and the possibility of anticipation in the future so that the hope of realizing authentic human beings as outward and spiritual in nature, will not lost eroded and carried away by globalization.  keywords:Globalization, Fundamental Demands, Authentication, Commitment, Implementation, Spirit of Pancasila Abstrak: Globalisasi membawa dampak signifikan dalam dinamika hidup manusia. Aktivitas dan kreativitas individu dalam masyarakat dipermudah. Wawasan dan relasi setiap orang semakin meluas. Manusia menjadi semakin kompeten dalam berbagai dimensi: ruang dan waktu. Angin sejuk yang dibawa modernitas menyegarkan kembali kebutuhan-kebutuhan luaran hidup pribadi dan kelompok. Namun sejuknya angin modernitas tak pelak meninabobokan unsur terdalam kehidupan. Manusia harus diperlakukan secara manusia, mengalami kepincangan. Dimensi ini menjadi kabur lantaran jarang dikritisi karena masyarakat, baik secara global (dunia) maupun lokal (Indonesia) terlena oleh nikmatnya tawaran-tawaran modernitas. Dalam terang pemikiran Hans Kung, perspektif-perspektif dalam diskursus ini memberi penegasan pada komitmen mewujudkan otentisasi manusia secara umum dalam konteks global dan implementasi ke ranah lokal, keindonesian kita. Ide-ide yang tersaji di dalam tesis ini membingkai--kurang lebih--apa yang menjadi persoalan fundamental yang dialami manusia-manusia modern dan kemungkinan antisipasi ke depannya sehingga harapan merealisasikan manusia-manusia yang otentik sebagaimana hakikat lahiriah dan spiritual, tidak hilang tergerus dan terbawa arus globalisasi.Kata-kata kunci: Globalisasi, Tuntutan Fundamental, Otentisasi, Komitmen, Implementasi, Semangat Pancasila.

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