‘The catechism will save society, without the catechism there is no salvation’: Secularization and Catholic Educational Practice in an Italian Diocese, 1905–14

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 511-529
Author(s):  
Fabio Pruneri
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Young People ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
The Press ◽  
Rapid Industrialization ◽  
The Church

Compulsory public education in Italy came into being almost simultaneously with the process of national unification. From the outset, the liberal ruling class was faced with the old-established educational tradition of the church, and historians of education have explored the process of the secularization of education. This article sheds light on how decisions of the hierarchy and the pope, especially during the early twentieth century, were translated into practical pastoral action, noteworthy in some cases for a surprising modernity in the means used. The article focuses on the dioceses of northern Italy and in particular that of Bergamo, a populous agricultural centre then undergoing rapid industrialization. Using diocesan archive materials and the press of the period, it focuses on new forms of pastoral work, particularly those directed at teaching the catechism by means of societies for children and young people, catechism competitions and slide shows. The results obtained using this approach challenge the perception of Catholicism as intransigent on this issue.

scholarly journals O conhecimento a serviço da fé: noções de ciência na Revista Vozes de Petrópolis (1907 a 1917)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Isabel Bilhão
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Diffusion Of Knowledge ◽  
New Religions ◽  
The Press ◽  
Science And Culture ◽  
Argumentative Strategies ◽  
And Diffusion

Nas décadas iniciais do século XX, diante da laicização do ensino público, do avanço de correntes racionalistas e anticlericais e de novas religiões no país, a Igreja Católica precisou enfrentar uma inusitada concorrência na arena educacional. A imprensa tornou-se uma importante arma de combate, largamente utilizada tanto por membros do clero, quanto por seus opositores. O artigo analisa um dos veículos participantes desse confronto: a Revista Vozes de Petrópolis. O periódico, fundado por freis franciscanos em 1907, propunha-se a colaborar para a formação de uma intelectualidade católica que pudesse responder aos desafios de seu tempo, especialmente através de artigos relacionados à ciência e à cultura. Com base na análise de excertos de textos publicados entre 1907 e 1917, objetiva-se identificar as concepções de ciência apresentadas na Revista e as estratégias argumentativas utilizadas pelos redatores, bem como observar as redes de relações em que estes estavam inseridos e suas possíveis influências na legitimação e circulação do periódico. Pretende-se, assim, contribuir para o alargamento das reflexões acerca da participação da imprensa católica nos embates em torno da definição e difusão do conhecimento científico no país nos primórdios do século XX.Knowledge at the service of faith: notions of science in Revista Vozes de Petrópolis (1907 a 1917). In the early decades of the twentieth century, due to the laicization of public education, the advance of rationalist and anticlerical currents and new religions in the country, The Catholic Church had to face an unusual competition in the educational arena. The press has become an important weapon of combat, much used by members of the clergy and their opponents. The article analyzes one of the vehicles participating in this confrontation: the Revista Vozes de Petrópolis. The periodical, founded by Franciscan friars in 1907, aimed at collaborating in the formation of Catholic intellectuals who could respond to the challenges of their time, especially by means of articles related to science and culture. Based on texts published between 1907 and 1917, we intend to identify the conceptions of science presented in the journal and the argumentative strategies used by the editors, as well as to observe the networks of relations in which they were inserted and their possible influences on the legitimacy and circulation of the periodical. The intention is to contribute to the reflection on the participation of the Catholic press in the struggles around the definition and diffusion of scientific knowledge in the country in the early twentieth century. Keywords: Catholic press; Diffusion of knowledge; Educational struggles.

The Children Are Listening

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonel Thaller
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Young People ◽  
Family Violence ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Safety Behaviors ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Practitioner Knowledge

Familicide is a rare but troubling event that can be difficult to recount, especially for residents of the community were it occurred. The author of this piece combines her academic and practitioner knowledge of family violence with her personal experience, recalling the events leading up to the murder of a classmate nearly 20 years ago. The author reframes these memories through her current knowledge of risk assessment for domestic lethality as well as the safety behaviors women typically employ to protect themselves and their children. Further emphasis is placed on the need for children and young people to be involved in coordinated community efforts to detect and disclose incidents of family violence. Public education on this topic, for both adults and young people, can be useful in reducing stigma and coordinating efforts for intervention.

scholarly journals The Process of Educating Children and Young People in the Association of Catholic Scouting “Zawisza” Federation of European Scouting

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020(41) (4) ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
Jerzy Danecki ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Catholic Religion ◽  
The Church ◽  
Over Time

Upbringing is an indispensable element of the growing up of children and youth. In the first years of life, it is the parents who exert the greatest influence on the child, trying to show the child what is right and what is wrong. Over time, when the child grows up, the parents are no longer alone in this difficult process, because they are helped by the school, the community of the Church and various associations to which children and young people can belong. This association includes the Association of Catholic Scouting "Zawisza" Federation of European Scouting. It is an association that follows a decades-old scouting tradition and is a movement based on the principles of the Roman Catholic religion.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF SEXUAL EDUCATION OF CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE IN PEDAGOGICAL OPINION OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Volikova
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Young People ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Sexual Education ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
Scientific Medicine ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Educational Role

The article is devoted to the problem of sexual education of children and young people at the beginning of the twentieth century and its reflection in socio-pedagogical sources. In the publication the author reveals the peculiarities of sexual education of children and youth of the highlighted period, highlights the purpose, objectives and content of sexual activity education. It is proved that the problem of the study bothered as foreign, as domestic scientists (O. Bernstein, A. Gamme, A. Mol, A. Forel, E. Stil). The value of pedagogical ideas and experience of outstanding ones is substantiated educators and scholars who have dedicated their work to the problem of sex education of young people. In particular, the article found that since the beginning of the twentieth century scientists insisted on the need for a scientific approach to sexual education, which had to be aimed at eliminating the deep-rooted at a society of prejudice about many aspects of sexual life. Research results. The beginning of the twentieth century is a difficult historical one a period which was characterized by the presence of sufficiently controversial scientifictheoretical approaches to the problem of sexual education of young people. These differences of opinion related to statesmen, psychologists, educators and medical professionals. Increased attention to this issue was explained simultaneous effect of a number of objective economic factors (intensive industrial development, urbanization, population migration), scientific (medicine, biology, psychology) and sociocultural (deepening social stratification, family crisis, weakening of the educational role of the church, development of the feminist movement) development. All this contributed to the actualization issues of sexual education at the beginning of the twentieth century. Accordingly, the educational system in the sexual aspect functioned within traditional approaches that could not withstand the intensive development of medical and psychological sciences, so tried to use them for their own purposes. Necessity maintaining chastity before marriage was no longer religious or traditional guidelines, and medical and biological factors. It is proved that already at the beginning of the first decade of the twentieth century. Teachers have come conclusion about the need for systematic sexual education. However, it is education should not have been separated from the education system at all. The study has been hypothesized that built correctly and ethically sex education at school or in higher education will increase the level of literacy and awareness of pupils / students with sexual health and sexual development. Therefore, the problem of children and youth’s sexual education is one of the most urgent and socially significant in scientific discourse. Key words: education, sexual education, sexual life, sexual education, paternity and motherhood.

scholarly journals Communicating concern or making claims? The 2012 press releases of UK child welfare and protection agencies

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Clapton ◽  
Viviene E Cree
Keyword(s):  
Child Welfare ◽  
Young People ◽  
Press Release ◽  
Press Releases ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
The Press ◽  
Critical Scrutiny

Child welfare and protection agencies play an important role in bringing concerns about children and young people to public attention. The press release is a key tool within this. This article reports on findings from an analysis of press releases from selected UK child welfare and protection agencies in 2012. It demonstrates that the information contained in press releases is neither neutral nor dispassionate. Instead, press releases are found to be political artefacts, whose purpose is to galvanise and shape opinion and garner support for a particular standpoint, campaign or the agency itself. In this respect, they must be understood as ‘claims-making’ activities. Because of this, they should, it will be argued, be subject to the same critical scrutiny that we would expect to bring to the presentation of all ‘evidence’.

scholarly journals Bitter Memories and Burst Soap Bubbles: Irony, Parody, and Satire in the Oral-Literary Tradition of Finnish Working-Class Youth at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (S15) ◽  
pp. 189-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsti Salmi-Niklander
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Young People ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Soap Bubbles ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Industrial Town ◽  
The Church ◽  
Class Youth

This article discusses irony, parody, and satire in the oral-literary tradition of Finnish working-class youth during the first decades of the twentieth century. The most important research material is Valistaja (The Enlightener, 1914–1925), a handwritten newspaper produced by young working-class people in the industrial town of Karkkila in southern Finland. This research material provides examples of different kinds of parody: ideological parody is directed against both political opponents and the texts representing their ideology; generic parody involves playing with linguistic norms and generic conventions. Parody and satire provided means for exposing the cruelty and cowardice of the anti-Bolshevik Whites, the hypocrisy of the Church, and the conservatism of the older generation of workers. The ironic expressions reflect the experiences and tensions among groups of young people in Karkkila.

scholarly journals ‘How to Keep a Husband on Packaged Foods’ and Other Lessons: Gendered Education in the Canadian National Exhibition’s Women’s Division during the Kate Aitken Era, 1920s-1950s 1

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Zankowicz
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Young People ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Community Organizing ◽  
Food Preparation ◽  
Canadian History ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Multiple Functions ◽  
Home Food ◽  
Packaged Foods

Kate Aitken (1891-1971), perhaps best known as a broadcasting pioneer in Canadian history, was the first director of “Women’s Activities” at the Women’s Division of the Canadian National Exhibition (CNE) in Toronto. It was a position she officially took on in 1938 until her retirement in 1952. Aitken’s kitchen demonstration development, and her overwhelming success as an educator at the CNE offers a lens through which to examine the gendered education of food preparation, at a time when what constituted as ‘women’s work’ was itself being re-worked. This paper will investigate women’s programming at the CNE, and how it helped to support and construct women’s accepted roles as part of a wider discourse about women’s place both within and outside the home. Food played an intensely important part in this process. While the pedagogical purpose of many of the activities at the Women’s Building were described as the “capture, care and feeding of husbands,” Aitken’s use of food programming fulfilled multiple functions: as a tool for community organizing in her massive ‘ladies luncheons’ and her work with Women’s Institutes; as a gendered pedagogy in her restaurants, table-setting and cooking demonstrations and competitions; and as a means of teaching children and young people the skill of feeding themselves. As a woman whose work sat at the intersection of the ‘modern’ and the ‘traditional’ kitchen she also communicated important messages about shifting gender roles in the early to mid-twentieth century in Canada.

Irish Poets in Colonial Brisbane: Mary Eva O'Doherty and Cornelius Moynihan

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Patrick Buckridge
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Moreton Bay ◽  
The Press ◽  
Settler Societies ◽  
The Military

This paper compares the literary careers of two Irish immigrant-poets who lived and wrote for a significant part of their lives in nineteenth-century Brisbane, using the comparison to explore some of the different ways in which Irish literary tradition could reinvent itself in a new physical and cultural environment. Early Brisbane is not an especially fertile field for the study of Irish-Australian literary writing, perhaps surprisingly, given the strong Irish presence in Brisbane society during the first half of the twentieth century. One explanation may be that whereas the Irish had a strong presence in the military and the labouring classes in the Moreton Bay Colony, the institutions of government, public education and the press — the chief nurseries of Culture in most settler societies — were dominated by the English and Scottish.

scholarly journals ‘Crippled with nerves’: popular music and polio, with particular reference to Ian Dury

Popular Music ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEORGE McKAY
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Young People ◽  
Popular Music ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Mass Vaccination ◽  
The West ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Polio Survivors ◽  
Joni Mitchell ◽  
Infantile Paralysis

AbstractThis article looks at a remarkable cluster of popular musicians who contracted and survived poliomyelitis (‘infantile paralysis’) epidemics through the twentieth century, and ways in which they managed and, to varying extents, explored their polio-related impairments and experiences in their music. Drawing on medical history and disability studies, it focuses largely on the pop and rock generation of polio survivors – the children and young people from the 1940s and 1950s who were among the last to contract the disease prior to the successful introduction of mass vaccination programmes (in the West). These include Neil Young, Steve Harley, Joni Mitchell, and Israel Vibration. The article then looks in detail at the work of Ian Dury, who was for a while the highest profile visibly physically disabled pop artist in Britain, and who produced a compelling body of works exploring the experiences of disability.

‘Principium et origo ordinis’: the Humiliati and their origins

1997 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 149-161
Author(s):  
Frances Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
First Person ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Church

The origins of the Humiliati have long been a subject of discussion amongst historians. In the twentieth century the first person to grapple with the problems was Antonino de Stefano, who was quickly followed by Luigi Zanoni, later by Herbert Grundmann and Ilarino da Milano, and more recently by Michele Maccarrone, Brenda Bolton, and Maria Pia Alberzoni. The modern writers have accepted de Stefano’s view that the Humiliati first emerged in northern Italy in the late twelfth century. The earliest references, dating from the 1170s, describe both a small group of lay men and women devoted to the religious life (humiliati per deum), and an association of clerics living in community at the church of San Pietro Viboldone. Although they initially sought papal approval, those who ‘falsely called themselves Humiliati’ were condemned in 1184 by Lucius III, not because they were guilty of doctrinal error but because they refused to stop preaching without authority or holding private meetings, probably also because of their rejection of oath-taking. In spite of this setback the Humiliati flourished, and by the end of the twelfth century three distinct elements were recognizable: married or single lay men and women living a religious life while remaining in their own homes, male and female monastics living in common under a rule, and clerics living in some sort of canonical communities. In June 1201 these groups were brought back into the Church under the auspices of Innocent III. He gave approval to the three groups or ‘orders’ which recent research has revealed were already distinct before curial intervention, but which were now organized into one framework along Cistercian lines. It was a fortunate decision. Although groups described as ‘Humiliati’ were expelled from Cerea in 1203 and Faenza in 1206, the Order of the Humiliati went on to enjoy spectacular success, becoming a major presence in the religious, economic, and administrative life of northern Italy in the thirteenth century.

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