Domestic Wood Heating Appliances with Environmental High Performance: Chemical Composition of Emission and Correlations between Emission Factors and Operating Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 7241-7255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Tschamber ◽  
Gwenaëlle Trouvé ◽  
Gontrand Leyssens ◽  
Céline Le-Dreff-Lorimier ◽  
Jean-Luc Jaffrezo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Wood Heating

scholarly journals Review on the Relationship Between Liquid Aerospace Fuel Composition and Their Physicochemical Properties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Tinghao Jia ◽  
Lun Pan ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Yunming Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuels ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Fuel Composition

AbstractThe development of advanced air transportation has raised new demands for high-performance liquid hydrocarbon fuels. However, the measurement of fuel properties is time-consuming, cost-intensive, and limited to the operating conditions. The physicochemical properties of aerospace fuels are directly influenced by chemical composition. Thus, a thorough investigation should be conducted on the inherent relationship between fuel properties and composition for the design and synthesis of high-grade fuels and the prediction of fuel properties in the future. This work summarized the effects of fuel composition and hydrocarbon molecular structure on the fuel physicochemical properties, including density, net heat of combustion (NHOC), low-temperature fluidity (viscosity and freezing point), flash point, and thermal-oxidative stability. Several correlations and predictions of fuel properties from chemical composition were reviewed. Additionally, we correlated the fuel properties with hydrogen/carbon molar ratios (nH/C) and molecular weight (M). The results from the least-square method implicate that the coupling of H/C molar ratio and M is suitable for the estimation of density, NHOC, viscosity and effectiveness for the design, manufacture, and evaluation of aviation hydrocarbon fuels.

scholarly journals Biofoam of Spittlebug, Poophilus costalis (Walker): Preferential Sites, Temperature Regulation, Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Kitherian Sahayaraj ◽  
Balakrishnan Saranya ◽  
Samy Sayed ◽  
Loko Yêyinou Laura Estelle ◽  
Koilraj Madasamy
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
College Campus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mimosa Pudica ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy

The foam produced by nymphs of Poophilus costalis on eleven different host plants belonging to eight families on St. Xavier’s College campus in India was studied over five months. The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of these biofoams were investigated. The results revealed that P. costalis preferred Theporsia purpurea and Mimosa pudica for laying their eggs and producing foam, over the other tested plants. P. costalis produce their foam on either nodes or internodes on monocotyledons (30%) (p < 0.05), whereas on dicotyledons, they produce more foam on the stems (63.8%) than on the leaves (6.2%) (p < 0.01). The number of nymphs in each piece of foam from P. costalis varied from 1 to 3 (mean = 1.8 per plant). They produced their foam (5.7 to 45.2 cm) from the ground level on a plant. The length and breadth of a piece of foam ranged from 1.0 to 3.9 cm and 0.6 to 4.7 cm, respectively. The foam tended to be cooler than the environment. Qualitative profiling showed that the foam consists of carbohydrates, including maltose; trypsin; amino acids; protease. The foam was also analyzed using a spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antimicrobial activity of the biofoam was the greatest against Staphylococcus aureus, the growth of which was reduced by 55.9 ± 3.9%, suggesting that the foam could be used as an antimicrobial product. However, no activities were observed against Fusarium oxysporum and Candida albicans.

SELECTION OF COLUMN AND OPERATING CONDITIONS FOR REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY OF PROTEINS IN CANADIAN WHEAT

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. KRUGER ◽  
B. A. MARCHYLO
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Optimal Separation ◽  
Rp Hplc

Chromatographic conditions were optimized and three commercially available columns were evaluated for separation of alcohol-soluble storage proteins of Neepawa wheat using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Optimal separation was achieved using an extracting solution of 50% 1-propanol, 1% acetic acid, and 4% dithiothreitol and an HPLC elution time of 105 min at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. HPLC columns evaluated (SynChropak RP-P, Ultrapore RPSC and Aquapore RP-300) varied in selectivity and resolution. The column providing the greatest versatility was Aquapore RP-300 available in cartridge form. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gradient-gel electrophoresis analysis of protein peaks resolved by RP-HPLC indicated that many of the eluted peaks contained more than one protein species. Chromatographic protein patterns obtained for Neepawa wheat grown at different locations and in different years were qualitatively the same.Key words: Protein, high-performance liquid chromatography, wheat

scholarly journals Evaluation of a High-Performance Solar Home in Loveland, Colorado

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-234
Author(s):  
Robert Hendron ◽  
Mark Eastment ◽  
Ed Hancock ◽  
Greg Barker ◽  
Paul Reeves
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Solar Water Heater ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Solar Water

Building America (BA) partner McStain Neighborhoods built the Discovery House in Loveland, CO, with an extensive package of energy-efficient features, including a high-performance envelope, efficient mechanical systems, a solar water heater integrated with the space-heating system, a heat-recovery ventilator (HRV), and ENERGY STAR appliances. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Building Science Consortium conducted short-term field-testing and building energy simulations to evaluate the performance of the house. These evaluations are utilized by BA to improve future prototype designs and to identify critical research needs. The Discovery House building envelope and ducts were very tight under normal operating conditions. The HRV provided fresh air at a rate of about 35L∕s(75cfm), consistent with the recommendations of ASHRAE Standard 62.2. The solar hot water system is expected to meet the bulk of the domestic hot water (DHW) load (>83%), but only about 12% of the space-heating load. DOE-2.2 simulations predict whole-house source energy savings of 54% compared to the BA Benchmark (Hendron, R., 2005 NREL Report No. 37529, NREL, Golden, CO). The largest contributors to energy savings beyond McStain’s standard practice are the solar water heater, HRV, improved air distribution, high-efficiency boiler, and compact fluorescent lighting package.

scholarly journals Impact of Commercial Oenotannin and Mannoprotein Products on the Chemical and Sensory Properties of Shiraz Wines Made from Sequentially Harvested Fruit

Foods ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sijing Li ◽  
Keren Bindon ◽  
Susan Bastian ◽  
Kerry Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Early Harvest

The tannin and polysaccharide profiles and therefore sensory properties of wine are influenced by fruit maturity at harvest, and practices employed during winemaking. This study investigated the extent to which commercial winemaking supplements (skin and seed tannins, and mannoprotein (MP)) can enhance the mouthfeel properties of red wine, in particular, wine made from grapes harvested before commercial ripeness (early-harvest). Supplements were added to wines made from Shiraz grapes harvested at 20.8 and 24.5 °Brix. The chemical composition and mouthfeel properties of wines were then determined by high performance liquid chromatography and descriptive analysis (DA), respectively. Wines made from riper grapes had higher levels of tannin than wines made from early-harvest grapes, but similar polysaccharide levels were observed. The addition of seed oenotannin yielded higher tannin levels than addition of skin oenotannin, particularly for wines made from early-harvest grapes. The DA panel perceived sensory differences between H1 and H2 wines, but could not perceive any effect of supplementation on wine mouthfeel properties, with the exception of a minor increase in sweetness, attributed to mannoprotein addition to H1 wines, even when MP was added to wines at 2.5 times the level recommended for use in Australia.

scholarly journals Material Origins of Accelerated Operational Wear of RD-33 Engine Blades

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Kozakiewicz ◽  
Stanislaw Jóźwiak ◽  
Przemysław Jóźwiak ◽  
Stanisław Kachel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Low Pressure Turbine ◽  
Propulsion Unit ◽  
Selection Of

The structural and strength analysis of the material used to construct such an important engine element as the turbine is of great significance, both at the design stage as well as during tests and expertises related to emergency situations. Bearing in mind the conditions above mentioned, the paper presents the results of research on the chemical composition, morphology and phased structure of the metallic construction material used to produce the blades of the high and low pressure turbine of the RD-33 jet engine, which is the propulsion unit of the MiG-29 aircraft. The data obtained as a result of the material tests of the blades allowed, on the basis of the analysis of chemical composition and phased structure, to determine the grade of the alloy used to construct the tested elements of the jet engine turbine. The structural stability of the material was found to be lower in comparison with engine operating conditions, which manifested itself as a clear decrease in the resistance properties of the blade material. The results obtained can be used as a basis for analyzing the life span of an object or a selection of material replacements, which enable to produce the analyzed engine element.

scholarly journals Physicochemical characteristics of solid particles of contaminants in the coolant of automobile and tractor engines

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
S.G. Dragomirov ◽  
◽  
P.Ig. Eydel ◽  
A.Yu. Gamayunov ◽  
M.S. Dragomirov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Dissimilar Materials ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Physicochemical Interaction ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Thin Oxide Film

The article describes the results of a study of the physicochemical characteristics of solid particles of contaminants present in the coolant of automobile and tractor engines. The data on the fractional, physical and chemical composition of solid particles of contamination are given. It was established that the generalized reason for the appearance of contaminants of various nature in liquid cooling systems of engines is the physicochemical interaction of the coolant (antifreeze) with different elements and dissimilar materials of the cooling system. The use of absolutely pure coolant in the cooling systems of automobile and tractor engines is practically unrealistic, since there will always be operating conditions that contribute to the formation of contamination. A number of chemical elements (in an amount from 1 to 47% of each element) were found in the composition of solid particles of coolant contaminants: iron Fe, silicon Si, aluminum Al, lead Pb, tin Sn, zinc Zn, calcium Ca, magnesium Mg, copper Cu. In addition, at a level of less than 1.0% (wt.), Such chemical elements as potassium K, sodium Na, titanium Ti, phosphorus P, sulfur S, chromium Cr, molyb-denum Mo, chlorine Cl, iridium Ir, nickel Ni, manganese Mn, etc. were found. The most dangerous contaminants are particles of iron Fe and silicon Si, contained in the coolant in an amount of up to 47 and 37%, respectively, and possessing significant hardness and angularity. The abrasive proper-ties of Fe and Si particles create the danger of removing a thin oxide film on the inner surface of the walls of the cooling radiator channels, leading to their premature destruction. In this regard, it is concluded that high-performance engine coolant filters should be used in automobiles and tractors to remove these contaminants from the flow.

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