Monitoring Human Exposure to Organophosphate Esters: Comparing Silicone Wristbands with Spot Urine Samples as Predictors of Internal Dose

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Hoffman ◽  
Jessica L. Levasseur ◽  
Sharon Zhang ◽  
Duncan Hay ◽  
Nicholas J. Herkert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Internal Dose ◽  
Organophosphate Esters ◽  
Spot Urine

scholarly journals Biochemical Assessment of Renal and Liver Function among Preeclamptics in Lagos Metropolis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Oloruntoba Ayodele Ekun ◽  
Oluwatumininu Mary Olawumi ◽  
Christian Chigozie Makwe ◽  
Nkeiruka Ogochukwu Ogidi
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Specific Syndrome

Objectives. Preeclampsia is a pregnancy specific syndrome. Studies have shown that preeclampsia has multiorgan dysfunction effects. This study evaluated biomarkers of renal and liver function among preeclamptic Nigerian women. Study Design. This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 49 preeclamptic women and 50 normotensive healthy pregnant women. Method. The baseline data comprising age, gestational age, and blood pressure were obtained. Venous blood and spot urine samples were collected from each participant. Plasma obtained from blood samples taken into lithium heparinized vacutainer bottles was assayed for electrolytes, urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, and uric acid, while sera samples from blood samples taken into serum separation tube- (SST-) gel vacutainer were assayed for aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase using ion selective electrode technique and Cobas autoanalyzer. Spot urine samples were assayed for protein and creatinine using Pyrogallol’s reagent and Jaffe’s methods, respectively. Microalbuminuria (protein/creatinine ratio) was generated from spot urine protein and creatinine data. Result. The plasma sodium, total protein, and albumin in preeclamptic group were significantly decreased (p<0.05) when compared with control. There was statistically significant increase (p<0.05) in microalbuminuria, plasma potassium, urea, creatinine, uric acid levels, serum AST, and ALT activities in preeclamptic group. A positive association (p<0.05) between alanine aminotransferase and biomarkers of renal function was observed. Conclusion. Preeclampsia has deleterious effects on renal and liver function as shown by alteration of these parameters.

scholarly journals Estimation of 24-Hour Sodium Excretion from Spot Urine Samples

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Mann ◽  
Linda M. Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Spot Urine

Purine derivatives in spot urine samples and plasma of sheep: a possible index of microbial protein supply

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 5-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. B. Chen ◽  
Adriana T. Mejia ◽  
D. J. Kyle ◽  
E. R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Alternative Index ◽  
Protein Supply

In ruminants, daily urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD) reflects the absorption of microbial purines and can be used as an index of microbial protein supply (Chen, Ørskov and Hovell, 1991). The application could be extended to farm conditions if measurements based on spot urine samples or plasma could serve as an alternative index. The objective of this study was to examine whether PD concentrations in spot urine or plasma samples vary diurnally during a given feeding regime and if they reflect differences in daily PD excretion induced by varying feed intake.

scholarly journals Biological Monitoring of Human Exposure to Neonicotinoids Using Urine Samples, and Neonicotinoid Excretion Kinetics

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e0146335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kouji H. Harada ◽  
Keiko Tanaka ◽  
Hiroko Sakamoto ◽  
Mie Imanaka ◽  
Tamon Niisoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Monitoring ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Excretion Kinetics

scholarly journals Estimating salt intake in a Caucasian population: can spot urine substitute 24-hour urine samples?

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1300-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla Toft ◽  
Charlotte Cerqueira ◽  
Anne Helms Andreasen ◽  
Betina Heinsbæk Thuesen ◽  
Peter Laurberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Intake ◽  
Caucasian Population ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Spot Urine

scholarly journals Urinary Lysosomal Enzyme Activities and Albuminuria in Ghanaian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Asare-Anane ◽  
Felix Twum ◽  
Emmanuel Kwaku Ofori ◽  
Erving L. Torgbor ◽  
Seth D. Amanquah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lysosomal Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Renal Involvement ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Alanine Aminopeptidase

Renal tubular lysosomal enzyme activities like alanine aminopeptidase (AAP) and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) have been shown to increase in patients developing diabetic nephropathy and nephrosclerosis. This study aimed to determine the activities of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and alanine aminopeptidase and albumin concentration in urine samples of patients with type 2 diabetes. One hundred and thirty (65 type 2 diabetic and 65 nondiabetic) subjects participated in this study. Blood samples were drawn for measurements of fasting blood glucose, albumin (Alb), lipids, and creatinine (Cr). Early morning spot urine samples were also collected for activities of alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), and concentration of albumin (U-Alb) and creatinine (U-Cr). Both NAG/Cr and AAP/Cr were significantly increased in diabetic subjects compared to controls (p<0.001). There was positive correlation between NAG/Cr and Alb/Cr (r=0.49,p<0.001) and between NAG/Cr and serum creatinine (r=0.441,p<0.001). A negative correlation was found between NAG/Cr and eGFR (r=-0.432,p<0.05). 9.3% and 12% of diabetics with normoalbuminuria had elevated levels of AAP/Cr and NAG/Cr, respectively. We conclude that measuring the urinary enzymes activities (NAG/Cr and AAP/Cr) could be useful as a biomarker of early renal involvement in diabetic complications.

scholarly journals Estimating 24-Hour Sodium Excretion from Spot Urine Samples in Chinese Adults: Can Spot Urine Substitute 24-Hour Urine Samples?

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 798
Author(s):  
Jianwei Xu ◽  
Jiyu Zhang ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Yamin Bai ◽  
Xiaolei Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Misclassification Rate ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Chinese Populations

Several estimating equations for predicting 24-h urinary sodium (24-hUNa) excretion using spot urine (SU) samples have been developed, but have not been readily available to Chinese populations. We aimed to compare and validate the six existing methods at population level and individual level. We extracted 1671 adults eligible for both 24-h urine and SU sample collection. Mean biases (95% CI) of predicting 24-hUNa excretion using six formulas were 58.6 (54.7, 62.5) mmol for Kawasaki, −2.7 (−6.2, 0.9) mmol for Tanaka, −24.5 (−28.0, −21.0) mmol for the International Cooperative Study on Salt, Other Factors, and Blood Pressure (INTERSALT) with potassium, –26.8 (−30.1, −23.3) mmol for INTERSALT without potassium, 5.9 (2.3, 9.6) mmol for Toft, and −24.2 (−27.7, −20.6) mmol for Whitton. The proportions of relative difference >40% with the six methods were nearly a third, and the proportions of absolute difference >51.3 mmol/24-h (3 g/day salt) were more than 40%. The misclassification rate were all >55% for the six methods at the individual level. Although the Tanaka method could offer a plausible estimation for surveillance of the population sodium excretion in Shandong province, caution remains when using the Tanaka formula for other provincial populations in China. However, these predictive methods were inadequate to evaluate individual sodium excretion.

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